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Totalitarianism and Fascism in the 20th Century

Learn about the rise of Fascist dictators like Mussolini, Hitler, and Tojo, and their control through propaganda, fear, and militarism. Understand how they manipulated the economy, society, and media to maintain power.

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Totalitarianism and Fascism in the 20th Century

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  1. Objectives:Agenda: Do Now, Fascism notes, ?, CH. 28 QuizDo Now: You are the leader of a country that is facing debt and unemployment (Germany?). --Explain how you will win the hearts of the people and turn them to listen to your ideas and follow your lead. --How will you expand territory? How will you boost the economy? What is your motivation to do so?

  2. Totalitarianism: 20th Century Phenomenon • Definition: complete control over a population (socially, economically, politically) by a government through the use of • Centralization • Mass media • Fear • Terror • Examples: Communist USSR, Nazi Germany, current North Korea

  3. Italy Germany Japan Fascism and Militarism 1920s-1940s Benito Mussolini Adolf Hitler Tojo Hideki

  4. Fascism’s Ideology • Extreme Nationalism-pride in ethnic heritage and everything traditional (history, culture, food, art, etc.) • Total control of all aspects of society • Social-media/press, schools, religion, secret police • Economic- use of command economy (run by the gov’t not supply and demand) • State is supreme over individual rights • Glorifies war • Large and Impressive spectacle to awe audiences • Parades, rallies, flags, symbols, salutes, night-time rallies

  5. How did Fascist dictators come into power? • Promising to alleviate the Great Depression • Hitler’s Nazi party was elected in a democratic process • Restore the nation’s honor • For Germany= smash Treaty of Versailles • Used scapegoats to justify their beliefs and actions; typical targets were minorities (Jews), communists, and democracies

  6. WWII Begins in Asia - 1937 • Ultra nationalists said the only way to fix the economic Depression was imperialist expansion. • Japanese hated the racist policies of westernized nations toward them. • The military soon controlled the gov’t with support from the Emperor and began a quest of expansion as a source of wealth and power to satisfy its “destiny” to dominate Asia. • Japan invaded Manchuria in 1931 and took over more in the 2nd Sino-Japanese War in 1937. This resulted in the creation of the Asian Co Prosperity Sphere, which was really a way for Japan to repress the people they conquered and get raw materials.

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