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COVID 19

Description of covid pandemic about how it affected the world and India.

harshit2005
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COVID 19

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  1. COVID-19 THE PANDEMIC

  2. CONTENTS • Timeline • Introduction (I) & (II) • History • Cause • Symptoms (I) & (II) • Transmission (I) & (II) • Prevention • Global Shutdown • Global Crisis • Challenge to Doctors

  3. TIMELINE COVID-19 Progress steps 2019.12 2020.01 2020.02 2020.03 2020.04 JANUARY 2020 January 1 - emergency footing January 7 - novel coronavirus identified January 11 - first death reported January 20 - virus spreads to US January 23 - lockdown begins in CHINA DECEMBER 2019 8 December - Wuhan’s first case 31 December - WHO informed FEBRUARY 2020 February 11 - COVID-19 gets its name February 23 - Italy starts lockdown February 29 - first death in US MARCH 2020 March 11 - WHO calls it a pandemic March 24 - India lock downed March 26 - US hardest hit APRIL 2020 April 2 - cases reach 1 million April 6 - UK PM in intensive care April 10 - deaths pass 101,000 April 23 - Vaccine trial begins

  4. INTRODUCTION (I) Coronavirus contagious respiratory and vascular disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus- 2 (SARS-CoV-2). First identified in Wuhan, China, it has caused an ongoing pandemic. Common symptoms of COVID-19 include fever, cough, fatigue, breathing difficulties, and loss of smell and taste. Symptoms begin in one to fourteen days after exposure to the virus. While most people have mild symptoms, some people develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). ARDS can be precipitated by cytokine storms, multi-organ failure, septic shock, and blood clots. Longer-term damage to organs (in particular, the lungs and heart) has been observed. There is concern about a significant number of patients who have recovered from the acute phase of the disease but continue to experience a range of effects—known as long COVID—for months afterwards. disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a

  5. INTRODUCTION (II) COVID-19 mainly spreads through the air when people are near each other long enough ,primarily via small droplets or aerosols, as an infected person breathes, coughs, sneezes, sings, or speaks. Transmission via fomites (contaminated surfaces) has not been conclusively demonstrated. It can spread as early as two days before infected persons show symptoms from asymptomatic (no symptoms) individuals. People remain infectious for up to ten days in moderate cases, and two weeks in severe cases. The standard diagnosis method is by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction from a nasopharyngeal swab. (presymptomatic), and

  6. 2019-nCoV HISTORY The virus is thought to be natural and has an animal origin, through spillover infection, The first known human infections were in Wuhan, Hubei, China. Official publications from the WHO reported the earliest onset of symptoms as 8 December 2019. Human-to-human transmission was confirmed by the WHO and Chinese authorities by 20 January 2020. According to official Chinese sources, these were mostly linked to the Wuhan Seafood Wholesale Market, which also sold live animals. In May 2020, George Gao, the director of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said animal samples collected from the seafood market had tested negative for the virus, indicating that the market was the site of an early super spreading event, but it was not the site of the initial outbreak. Traces of the virus have been found in wastewater that was collected from Milan and Turin, Italy, on 18 December 2019. According to an unpublicized report from the Chinese government, the first case can be traced back to 17 November 2019; the person was a 55-year-old citizen in the Hubei province. There were four men and five women reported to be infected in November, but none of them were "patient zero”.

  7. CAUSE Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. It was first isolated from three people with pneumonia connected to the cluster of acute respiratory illness cases in Wuhan. All features of the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus occur in related coronaviruses in nature. Outside the human body, the virus is destroyed by household soap, which bursts its protective bubble. SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to the original SARS-CoV. It is thought to have an animal (zoonotic) origin. Genetic analysis has revealed that the coronavirus genetically clusters with the genus Betacoronavirus, in subgenus Sarbecovirus (lineage B) together with two bat-derived strains. It is 96% identical at the whole genome level to other bat coronavirus samples (BatCov RaTG13).

  8. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS (I) Shortness Of Breath Sore Throat Fever Cough Symptoms of COVID-19 are not fixed, but usually include fever and a cough. People with the same infection may have different symptoms, and their symptoms may change over time. For example, one person may have a high fever, a cough, and fatigue, and another person may have a low fever at the start of the disease and develop difficulty breathing a week later. However, in people without prior ears, nose, and throat (ENT) disorders, loss of taste combined with loss of smell is associated with COVID-19 with a specificity of 95%.

  9. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS (II) Most common symptoms:  fever.  dry cough.  tiredness. Less common symptoms:  aches and pains.  sore throat.  diarrhoea.  conjunctivitis.  headache.  loss of taste or smell.  a rash on skin, or discolouration of fingers or toes. Serious symptoms:  difficulty breathing or shortness of breath.  chest pain or pressure.  loss of speech or movement. CONFIRMED : 51,848,261 DECEASED : 1,280,868 RECOVERED : 34,043,712 As by13th November 2020

  10. TRANSMISSION (I) Non-human to human transmission: The route of transmission from animals to humans is not fully understood, but dromedary bats or pangolins are the major reservoir host for CoV-19 and an animal source of infection in humans. Human-to-human transmission: The virus does not pass easily from person to person unless there is close contact, such as providing unprotected care to an infected patient. There have been clusters of cases in healthcare facilities, transmission appears to have occurred, especially when infection prevention and control practices are inadequate or inappropriate. Human to human transmission has been limited to date, and has been identified among family members, patients, and health care workers. While the majority of COVID cases have occurred in health care settings, thus far, no sustained human to human transmission has been documented anywhere in the world. EYE where human-to-human EAR NOSE MOUTH

  11. TRANSMISSION (II) COVID-19 spreads from person to person mainly through the respiratory route after an infected person coughs, sneezes, sings, talks or breathes. Physical intimacy, and other forms of direct contact can easily transmit the virus and thus lead to COVID-19 in people exposed to such contact. A person can get COVID-19 through indirect contact by a contaminated surface or object before touching their own mouth, nose, or eyes, though this is not thought to be the main way the virus spreads. There is currently no significant evidence of COVID-19 virus transmission through feces, urine, breast milk, food, wastewater, drinking water, animal disease vectors, or from mother to baby during pregnancy, although research is ongoing and caution is advised. 14,184,665 touching 8,683,916 10,124,555 5,700,044 1,380,705 As by13th November 2020

  12. PREVENTION HANDWASH Wash your hands regularly so as to kill the germs present on your hands. Wash your hands for at least 20 seconds STAY AT HOME The best way is to stay at home if not necessary and be safe. DISINFECTANT Disinfect yourself and your surroundings regularly using sanitizer (containing 70% alcohol) so as to kill the virus. Take special care of goods and articles coming from outside. Wash vegetables and fruits properly. SOCIAL DISTANCING Maintain social and physical distancing. Staying at a distance of 2m from an infected person reduces the probability of getting infected. 2m If you don’t feel well then contact the government helpline number 011-23978046

  13. GLOBAL SHUTDOWN Many countries have been in lockdown since at least March, but some are beginning to ease restrictions. That must be done carefully, the World Health Organization warns, otherwise it risks a resurgence of infections. Nonetheless, billions remain largely at home, and many are struggling with the economic and social consequences. This lockdown has helped in reducing the number of cases per day but it has adversely affected the economy of the world but this lockdown is for the well being of mankind because as we know - HEALTH IS WEALTH.

  14. GLOBAL CRISIS PANDEMIC ECONOMIC & POLITICAL CRISIS COVID-19 is spreading with astounding speed and have severe consequences. The cases increase rapidly with major outbreaks in South Korea, Italy, Iran, the United States, India and more than 50 other countries. Governments are put to the test with escalating high-pressure and costs of the outbreak in terms of public trust and the economy. Any mismanagement could carry political costs, as their legitimacy and competency will be called into question by the people. Transparency is crucial and starts inside the government. When the first outbreak began, the public reacted to transparency, comprehensive and timely information and data provided. Withholding the information created a vicious cycle of mistrust in authorities. Clear direction in mitigating the outbreak is a must. The accurate and reliable information are underpinned to ensure the containment effort is aggressively used and disseminated at any form of social media to alert the public.

  15. CHALLENGE TO DOCTORS Doctors and healthcare workers who are responding to a global health crisis— trying to protect individuals, families and communities in adverse situations with stretched resources, shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) and other equipment’s—have found themselves as unexpected targets in the fight against COVID-19. There have been several reported incidences of such violence against them during this pandemic time in India. Although the exact numbers of such cases cannot be determined, there are a few glaring examples: on 8 April 2020, two trainee doctors in New Delhi were allegedly assaulted by a neighbour who accused them of spreading the disease. COVID-19 health crisis has exacerbated violence against doctors and healthcare workers. They have become unforeseen targets in the fight against the current pandemic. For a sustainable protection of the healthcare workers, the current ordinance needs to be further extended and incorporated into existing laws in the form of a strict, permanent legislation that is strictly enforced. It would improve the safety of the very individuals who carry out their duties fearlessly for the benefit of sick patients, either during a health crisis such as the current pandemic or during traditional times.

  16. THANK YOU ~ HARSHIT RAI ~ HARSHIT RAI

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