New agricultural techniques & technology  Virtual revolution in medieval agriculture (FC.63)

FC.109 AGRICULTURAL BACKGROUND TO THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION No fallow  % land used goes from 67  100% Peasants must share plow teams Divide fields into strips so everyone gets some land plowed All must agree on any changes in AgrTech’s No change Stagnant agric. production 4-field system using turnips, barley, wheat (or some variant), & clover (to replenish soil) Several advantages: Heavy plow 3-field system Most land needed for grain crops just to feed people  Little land available for supporting livestock Little manure Virtually no fertilizer for crops stagnant agric. production Can use less fertile lands Crop rotation Keeps land fertile Vastly expanded potential for food prod. Peasants can afford feed for livestock More meat & protein in commoners’ diet Requires large tracts of land to practice Enclosure Movement to enclose large tracts of land Many peasants must leave their lands to move to cities for homes & jobs Dramatic population growth as agric. prod. grows by as much as 2X Affects Br’s population in 2 ways: Need a better way to feed & expand Britain’s population Need a better way to feed & expand Britain’s population New agricultural techniques & technology  Virtual revolution in medieval agriculture (FC.63) Rise of towns in High Middle Ages Rise of middle class with money to invest (FC.64) Enlightenment Scient. advances (FC.97) Labor supply for Britain’s textile mills (FC.111)

FC.110 THE TECHNOLOGICAL BACKGROUND TO INDUSTRIALIZATION Develop coke from coal for hotter fires Labor shortage so far from society  Start using water wheels Cam & crank to convert circular to oscillating motion  Multitude of jobs done with water power More ideas for new uses of technology Continued spread of waterwheel tech’s Invention of a more efficient steam engine by James Watt (1769) Larger bellows  can get hotter fires Finally able to smelt iron completely Ripsaws cut more wood deforest Br. Stronger & more metal for building steam engines Develop steam pumps vs. water seepage in coal mines Spinning Jenny (1760s) Spun 7X threads Mech. handloom (1733) Could double textile prod. British textile prod. & profits soar Need new power source when all waterfront prop. for waterwheels is gone Adoption of the clock in W. Eur. W. Civ’s mechanistic view of the universe Adoption of the clock in W. Eur. W. Civ’s mechanistic view of the universe New textile tech. in Br. to compete vs. cheaper Asian goods Cistercian monks move into hills to avoid worldly temptations (FC.64) Invention of clock in China (FC.57) Invention of clock in China (FC.57) Basis for the Industrial Revolution (FC. 111)

FC.111 THE BIRTH OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN (c.1750) Population growth  Labor force & mkts for goods Resources for textile mills & markets for goods Develop transp. system: ships & canals Large deposits of coal & iron in N. England Br’s excellent waterways & trade position Triumph of rich middle class willing & able to invest in new business & tech. (FC.96) Britain’s colonial empire (FC.96C) New agricultural tech’s (FC.109) New steam & textile tech. (FC.110)) Bank of Eng Money to invest (FC.96C) Ind. Rev. starts in Britain, putting it well ahead of the rest of the world Steamships & RRs Tie continents & globe more tightly together (FC.112) Virtual explosion of new tech’s, esp. after creation of research labs (FC.117) Gradual improvement in women’s status (FC.114) Drastic changes in soc. & family structure (FC.113) Powerful forces & effects of Ind. Rev. spread across globe (FC.116)

FC. 112 RAILROADS & THEIR IMPACT (c.1825-1900) Efforts to create steam locomotive More prod  Jobs  $ in ec.  Sales  Etc. Medi. & agr. advances raise stand. of living More people can afford consumer goods Need to expand steam engine’s versatility Patent to convert oscillating to rotary motion in 1780s Need stronger iron to make stronger boilers Rolling & puddling process  Cheap rails for RR’s 1st RR’s in Brit Profits Serious shortage of horses Growing government involvement in: Standard gauges & safety measures Funding of RR’s Location of RR’s Shorter transp. time & cheaper rates Can feed once isolated areas Dev. Contin. interiors Can grow cash crops 1st working locomotive (1804) James Watts’ more efficient steam engine (FC.110) Napoleonic Wars (FC.106) Rapid expansion of RR’s in Britain Spreads to other countries (FC.116) Virtual explosion of new inventions & tech (FC.117)

FC.113 THE SOCIAL IMPACT OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Rising standard of living by 1900: Truly nuclear fam’s isolated from relatives & neighbors by distance & private property Mass migration to urban areas  New cities rise up quickly Village network of friends & relatives is replaced by: Nucl. Fam. in city w/less family & commun. support Awful working cond’s: Low wages & little job security Work separates fam’s from home & each other Dangerous machinery & long days Polluted air & water & tainted food Poorly built & crowded housing Awful living cond’s: Growing reform movements: Some family & community ties are maintained Govt. laws to regulate work conditions, public sanitation, etc. Relatives & friends tend to migrate to same cities Dramatic pop. growth People crowded together in tenements Real wages double by 1900 Workers form labor unions to win better work conditions. Some fact. owners work to provide good housing & work conditions Longer life expectancy Industrial Revolution (FC.111) WWII (FC.136) WWII (FC.136) Housing shortage after WWII Fam’s move to their own separate homes in suburbs(FC.142) Growing social problems including crime, alcoholism & drugs Rapid advances in public health & medicine (FC.117) Rapid advances in public health & medicine (FC.117)

FC. 114 THE WOMEN’S MOVEMENT I (c.1800-1920) Suffrage movement to get the vote Women compete w/men for jobs Many women pushed out of “male” occupations Women pursue univ. educ’s Women’s efforts in other causesRealize they can fight for their own rt’s: MC women at home more literate & aware of Soc. Can get involved in charitable causes Women’s growing visibility & status  Growing support for women’s rights More soc. mobility w/sports & less confining fashions MC women at home  do the shopping  Targeted by advertisers More women in “female” jobs as teachers, secr’s, etc. Late medieval women’s relatively higher status (FC.71A) Traditional gender roles Strong resistance to change (FC.6) Belief that Enl. ideas should also apply for women  Women involved in Fr. Rev. Hopes for their own rts.  Napoleon knocks women’s status back down Greater differentiation of sexes in 1800s (FC.100A) Ind. Rev Less need for men’s phys. strength (FC.111) Ind. Rev Less need for men’s phys. strength (FC.111) Ind RevBirth of consumer soc. (FC.117) Ind RevMore leisure for MC women (FC.117) World War I  Women more essential to econ. (FC.127) World War I  Women more essential to econ. (FC.127) Women win vote in many developed countries by 1925, but continue to struggle through 1900s for econ. & soc. equality (FC.148A)

FC. 115 THE MARXIST VIEW OF HISTORY & ITS IMPACT Transitional govt. that will eventually evolve into ideal socialist society: MARX SEES HISTORY AS EVOLVING THROUGH A SERIES OF ECONOMIC STAGES CHARACTERIZED BY CLASS STRUGGLES: No private property Slave society w/more conflict b/w slave & master as wealth increases Feudal soc. w/conflict b/w serf & lord Primitive society w/o any excess wealth  no class conflicts Some owners survive while others don’t  Increasingly smaller class of owners who individually are much richer To stay competitive, they invest in more efficient, but expensive machinery  Must layoff workers No social classes or conflicts No need for govt., family, or religion Marxism successful in some ways but not in others: Pointed out the role of economics & class struggle in history Marxist rev’s happened in pre-indus., not ind. soc’s Caused many govt. reforms both for & vs. Marxism Indiv. genius, greed, stupidity, etc. not accounted for Growing class of poor unable to support themselves or capitalist econ  Workers’ rev. overthrows capitalism. Capitalist society conflict between owners & workers Owners charge more for their goods than they paid Ind. Rev. Social problems (FC.113) Ind. Rev.Social problems (FC.113)

Industrial Revolution spreads to W. Eur. & U.S. because: U.S.: Vast resources & trans-continent. RR  Rapid ind. growth Br. tries to keep their tech. from spreading beyond Britain W. Eur., U.S., & Japan industrialize, typically starting w/railroads Belgium: small size & closeness of coal & iron resources  1st in Eur. to indust. Econ. disunity & Internal tolls & in fragmented countries (e.g., Ger. & Italy) Br. industries far ahead of rest of the world because: Resistance to Ind. Rev. in countries seeing squalor of Br. cities Coal & iron resources in other countries isolated from each other France: Nap. III develops RR’s & then industries, harbors & foreign trade Geog. proximity to Br. exposes Eur. & U.S. to Br. tech. Germany: Unific.  Rapid indust. growth Passes Br. steel prod. & RR mileage Br. invests in cheaper for. ind’s & RR’s Common culture, esp. tech, of W. Eur. & U.S. to Br. Br. tech. leaks out to other countries W. Eur. & U.S. must compete vs. cheaper Br. goods Competition from Br. drains needed money from other countries FC. 116 INDUSTRIALIZATION SPREADS BEYOND BRITAIN (1850-1900) Indust. Rev. in Britain. (FC.111) Japan: rapidly industrializes after being forced open to trade by U.S., (FC.125) Competition for mkts & resources Eur., U.S. & Japan expand into Asia & Africa (FC.122) Growing tensions that erupt into WWI when there are no more areas for expansion (FC.126)

FC. 116A ‘THE ONGOING CYCLE OF FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND SPREAD OF INDUSTRIALIZATION As a nation industrializes Higher cost of labor & living as econ. grows Less competitive in international mkts Build factories in non-ind. nations with cheap labor Ind. Rev. spreads to W. Eur., U.S., & Japan after 1850 Ind. Rev. spreads to E. Asian “Mini-dragons” after 1945 Ind. Rev. spreads to China, SE Asia, & India after 1990

FC.117 ACCELLERATING TECHNOLOGICAL GROWTH (c.1850-1900) Ind. Rev  Higher standard of living Sales, production & employment rise Growing complexity of tech. separate from science Growing complexity of science separate from technology Incentive to create new products Govt’s & corporations invest in research labs that fuse science & technology New inventions at an ever faster pace Ideas for ever more inventions Far reaching economic, political & philosophical effects: Indus. states exert unprecedented power over their people New philosophies that challenge traditional beliefs Global econ. interdependence  Polit. interdep. Building mater’s: steel & concrete  Skyscrapers & much longer bridges Medicine: Anesthesia, germ theory & aseptic procedure  Cure &/or prevent many diseases Chemical indus.: Bleaches, dyes, soaps, veg. oils, & 1000’s of new products. Transportation: RR’s, steamships, cars & airplanes drastically cut travel time Agriculture: Chem. fertilizers, tractors, mech. reapers & combines  Better fed popul’s Communications: Telegraph, radio, & telephone cut time of comm’s from months to minutes New energy sources: Oil & electricity (which transfers energy over long distances) Birth of Ind. Rev. (FC.111) Birth of Scient. Rev. (FC.97)

FC.117A THE EVOLUTION OF MODERN SURGERY Rubber gloves to protect nurse’s hands from spray of carbolic acid Discovery of anesthetic properties of ether & chloroform in 1840s  Painless surgeries Growing number of surgeries  Growing number of infections from surgeries Pasteur’s germ theory links microbes to disease & infection (1864) Joseph Lister sprays carbolic acid on patients as an antiseptic during surgery Patients’ infections shown to have same germs as those on surgeons’ hands More patients survive, but some patients & medical staff react to the acid Aseptic procedure where everything in the operating room is sterilized Random blood transfusions  Many patients die until blood typing is discovered Use of Sodium citrate during WWI to keep blood from clotting  Long term storage of donated blood Discovery of penicillin in WWII allows Dr’s to halt internal infections w/o surgery Few willing to undergo surgery Ltd research & knowledge Infections drastically reduced  More surgeries  More problems from blood loss Nothing to kill pain in surgery Taboos vs. surgery & dissection (FC.98) (FC.98)

FC.117B AN OVERVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Incentive to create new prod’s Research labs Higher stand. of living after initial decline Profusion of new tech’s Drastic changes in people’s lives: Higher standard of living Impers. urban soc + sep. of home & work Nucl. fam. More sales More Jobs More $ in economy Awful work cond’s Reforms Global economic & political interdependence Raise production RR’s, steamships & telegraph Dev. cont. interiors & link mkts, fact’s & resources Growing power of the indus. state due to: Govt’s fund RRs, & est. stand. gauges & safety rules Need to regulate growing interdep. within & b/w nations Power & expense of mod. weapons only it can afford Various psychological effects: Need to protect people from rich & powerful Women win the vote More educ. women Rising status as seen in: Need to help poor where church & family used to Ind Rev starts in Britain (FC.111) Railroads (FC.112) Accelerating pace of tech. change (FC.117) Impact on women (FC.114) Social effects (FC.113) More soc. mobility & freer fashions More women in workforce More money and influence World seems smaller & more impersonal Longer livesLess religious & more materialistic Marxism as reaction vs. industrial conditions (FC.115) Outsourcing cycleind. Rev. spreads across globe (FC.116)

The Agricultural Revolution of the 1700s

The Agricultural Revolution of the 1700s 1) What was the vicious cycle of 18th century agriculture?

The Agricultural Revolution of the 1700s 1) What was the vicious cycle of 18th century agriculture? Most land needed for grain crops just to feed people  Little land available for supporting livestock Little manure Virtually no fertilizer for crops stagnant agric. production

The Agricultural Revolution of the 1700s 1) What was the vicious cycle of 18th century agriculture? 2) What was the vicious cycle created by the heavy plow? Little manure Virtually no fertilizer for crops stagnant agric. production Most land needed for grain crops just to feed people  Little land available for supporting livestock

The Agricultural Revolution of the 1700s 1) What was the vicious cycle of 18th century agriculture? 2) What was the vicious cycle created by the heavy plow? All must agree on any changes in Agr Tech’s No change Stagnant agric. production Peasants must share plow teams Divide fields into strips so everyone gets some land plowed Little manure Virtually no fertilizer for crops stagnant agric. production Most land needed for grain crops just to feed people  Little land available for supporting livestock

The Agricultural Revolution of the 1700s 1) What was the vicious cycle of 18th century agriculture? 2) What was the vicious cycle created by the heavy plow? 3) What 2 factors-> change in agr.? All must agree on any changes in Agr Tech’s No change Stagnant agric. production Peasants must share plow teams Divide fields into strips so everyone gets some land plowed Little manure Virtually no fertilizer for crops stagnant agric. production Most land needed for grain crops just to feed people  Little land available for supporting livestock

The Agricultural Revolution of the 1700s What was the vicious cycle of 18th century agriculture? 2) What was the vicious cycle created by the heavy plow? 3) What 2 factors-> change in agr.? Rich MC w/$ to invest & New agr. tech’s from Scientific Rev All must agree on any changes in Agr Tech’s No change Stagnant agric. production Peasants must share plow teams Divide fields into strips so everyone gets some land plowed Little manure Virtually no fertilizer for crops stagnant agric. production Most land needed for grain crops just to feed people  Little land available for supporting livestock

The Agricultural Revolution of the 1700s 1) What was the vicious cycle of 18th century agriculture? 2) What was the vicious cycle created by the heavy plow? 3) What 2 factors-> change in agr.? Rich MC w/$ to invest & New agr. tech’s from Scientific Rev 4) Name and describe the new agricultural system. All must agree on any changes in Agr Tech’s No change Stagnant agric. production Peasants must share plow teams Divide fields into strips so everyone gets some land plowed Little manure Virtually no fertilizer for crops stagnant agric. production Most land needed for grain crops just to feed people  Little land available for supporting livestock

The Agricultural Revolution of the 1700s 1) What was the vicious cycle of 18th century agriculture? 2) What was the vicious cycle created by the heavy plow? 3) What 2 factors-> change in agr.? Rich MC w/$ to invest & New agr. tech’s from Scientific Rev 4) Name and describe the new agricultural system. The 4-Field system which rotated turnips, barley, clover & wheat All must agree on any changes in Agr Tech’s No change Stagnant agric. production Peasants must share plow teams Divide fields into strips so everyone gets some land plowed Little manure Virtually no fertilizer for crops stagnant agric. production Most land needed for grain crops just to feed people  Little land available for supporting livestock

The Agricultural Revolution of the 1700s What was the vicious cycle of 18th century agriculture? 2) What was the vicious cycle created by the heavy plow? 3) What 2 factors-> change in agr.? Rich MC w/$ to invest & New agr. tech’s from Scientific Rev 4) Name and describe the new agricultural system. The 4-Field system which rotated turnips, barley, clover & wheat ECT: Name of the inventor of the 4-Field system? All must agree on any changes in Agr Tech’s No change Stagnant agric. production Peasants must share plow teams Divide fields into strips so everyone gets some land plowed Little manure Virtually no fertilizer for crops stagnant agric. production Most land needed for grain crops just to feed people  Little land available for supporting livestock

The Agricultural Revolution of the 1700s 1) What was the vicious cycle of 18th century agriculture? 2) What was the vicious cycle created by the heavy plow? 3) What 2 factors-> change in agr.? Rich MC w/$ to invest & New agr. tech’s from Scientific Rev 4) Name and describe the new agricultural system. The 4-Field system which rotated turnips, barley, clover & wheat ECT: Name of the inventor of the 4-Field system? Turnip Townsend All must agree on any changes in Agr Tech’s No change Stagnant agric. production Peasants must share plow teams Divide fields into strips so everyone gets some land plowed Little manure Virtually no fertilizer for crops stagnant agric. production Most land needed for grain crops just to feed people  Little land available for supporting livestock

The Agricultural Revolution of the 1700s 1) What was the vicious cycle of 18th century agriculture? 2) What was the vicious cycle created by the heavy plow? 3) What 2 factors-> change in agr.? Rich MC w/$ to invest & New agr. tech’s from Scientific Rev 4) Name and describe the new agricultural system. The 4-Field system which rotated turnips, barley, clover & wheat ECT: Name of the inventor of the 4-Field system? Turnip Townsend ECT: Who was Jethro Tull? All must agree on any changes in Agr Tech’s No change Stagnant agric. production Peasants must share plow teams Divide fields into strips so everyone gets some land plowed Little manure Virtually no fertilizer for crops stagnant agric. production Most land needed for grain crops just to feed people  Little land available for supporting livestock

The Agricultural Revolution of the 1700s 1) What was the vicious cycle of 18th century agriculture? 2) What was the vicious cycle created by the heavy plow? 3) What 2 factors-> change in agr.? Rich MC w/$ to invest & New agr. tech’s from Scientific Rev 4) Name and describe the new agricultural system. The 4-Field system which rotated turnips, barley, clover & wheat ECT: Name of the inventor of the 4-Field system? Turnip Townsend ECT: Who was Jethro Tull? Inventor of the seed drill All must agree on any changes in Agr Tech’s No change Stagnant agric. production Peasants must share plow teams Divide fields into strips so everyone gets some land plowed Little manure Virtually no fertilizer for crops stagnant agric. production Most land needed for grain crops just to feed people  Little land available for supporting livestock

The Agricultural Revolution of the 1700s 1) What was the vicious cycle of 18th century agriculture? 2) What was the vicious cycle created by the heavy plow? 3) What 2 factors-> change in agr.? Rich MC w/$ to invest & New agr. tech’s from Scientific Rev 4) Name and describe the new agricultural system. The 4-Field system which rotated turnips, barley, clover & wheat ECT: Name of the inventor of the 4-Field system? Turnip Townsend ECT: Who was Jethro Tull? Inventor of the seed drill 5) Advantages of this system? All must agree on any changes in Agr Tech’s No change Stagnant agric. production Peasants must share plow teams Divide fields into strips so everyone gets some land plowed Little manure Virtually no fertilizer for crops stagnant agric. production Most land needed for grain crops just to feed people  Little land available for supporting livestock

The Agricultural Revolution of the 1700s 1) What was the vicious cycle of 18th century agriculture? 2) What was the vicious cycle created by the heavy plow? 3) What 2 factors-> change in agr.? Rich MC w/$ to invest & New agr. tech’s from Scientific Rev 4) Name and describe the new agricultural system. The 4-Field system which rotated turnips, barley, clover & wheat ECT: Name of the inventor of the 4-Field system? Turnip Townsend ECT: Who was Jethro Tull? Inventor of the seed drill 5) Advantages of this system? No need for fallow & it made previously marginal land useful -> Can raise livestock-> More protein in diet-> more populous & healthier population All must agree on any changes in Agr Tech’s No change Stagnant agric. production Peasants must share plow teams Divide fields into strips so everyone gets some land plowed Little manure Virtually no fertilizer for crops stagnant agric. production Most land needed for grain crops just to feed people  Little land available for supporting livestock

The Agricultural Revolution of the 1700s 1) What was the vicious cycle of 18th century agriculture? 2) What was the vicious cycle created by the heavy plow? 3) What 2 factors-> change in agr.? Rich MC w/$ to invest & New agr. tech’s from Scientific Rev 4) Name and describe the new agricultural system. The 4-Field system which rotated turnips, barley, clover & wheat ECT: Name of the inventor of the 4-Field system? Turnip Townsend ECT: Who was Jethro Tull? Inventor of the seed drill 5) Advantages of this system? No need for fallow & it made previously marginal land useful -> Can raise livestock-> More protein in diet-> more populous & healthier population 6) Problem this system caused & solution? All must agree on any changes in Agr Tech’s No change Stagnant agric. production Peasants must share plow teams Divide fields into strips so everyone gets some land plowed Little manure Virtually no fertilizer for crops stagnant agric. production Most land needed for grain crops just to feed people  Little land available for supporting livestock

The Agricultural Revolution of the 1700s 1) What was the vicious cycle of 18th century agriculture? 2) What was the vicious cycle created by the heavy plow? 3) What 2 factors-> change in agr.? Rich MC w/$ to invest & New agr. tech’s from Scientific Rev 4) Name and describe the new agricultural system. The 4-Field system which rotated turnips, barley, clover & wheat ECT: Name of the inventor of the 4-Field system? Turnip Townsend ECT: Who was Jethro Tull? Inventor of the seed drill 5) Advantages of this system? No need for fallow & it made previously marginal land useful -> Can raise livestock-> More protein in diet-> more populous & healthier population 6) Problem this system caused & solution? It required large tracts of land-> Enclosure movement All must agree on any changes in Agr Tech’s No change Stagnant agric. production Peasants must share plow teams Divide fields into strips so everyone gets some land plowed Little manure Virtually no fertilizer for crops stagnant agric. production Most land needed for grain crops just to feed people  Little land available for supporting livestock

The Agricultural Revolution of the 1700s 1) What was the vicious cycle of 18th century agriculture? 2) What was the vicious cycle created by the heavy plow? 3) What 2 factors-> change in agr.? Rich MC w/$ to invest & New agr. tech’s from Scientific Rev 4) Name and describe the new agricultural system. The 4-Field system which rotated turnips, barley, clover & wheat ECT: Name of the inventor of the 4-Field system? Turnip Townsend ECT: Who was Jethro Tull? Inventor of the seed drill 5) Advantages of this system? No need for fallow & it made previously marginal land useful -> Can raise livestock-> More protein in diet-> more populous & healthier population 6) Problem caused by this new system and its solution? It required large tracts of land-> Enclosure movement 7) Two results of the Enclosure movement? All must agree on any changes in Agr Tech’s No change Stagnant agric. production Peasants must share plow teams Divide fields into strips so everyone gets some land plowed Little manure Virtually no fertilizer for crops stagnant agric. production Most land needed for grain crops just to feed people  Little land available for supporting livestock

The Agricultural Revolution of the 1700s 1) What was the vicious cycle of 18th century agriculture? 2) What was the vicious cycle created by the heavy plow? 3) What 2 factors-> change in agr.? Rich MC w/$ to invest & New agr. tech’s from Scientific Rev 4) Name and describe the new agricultural system. The 4-Field system which rotated turnips, barley, clover & wheat ECT: Name of the inventor of the 4-Field system? Turnip Townsend ECT: Who was Jethro Tull? Inventor of the seed drill 5) Advantages of this system? No need for fallow & it made previously marginal land useful -> Can raise livestock-> More protein in diet-> more populous & healthier population 6) Problem caused by this new system and its solution? It required large tracts of land-> Enclosure movement 7) Two results of the Enclosure movement? Population growth & those people displaced from land migrated to cities-> Labor source for factories All must agree on any changes in Agr Tech’s No change Stagnant agric. production Peasants must share plow teams Divide fields into strips so everyone gets some land plowed Little manure Virtually no fertilizer for crops stagnant agric. production Most land needed for grain crops just to feed people  Little land available for supporting livestock

FC.109 AGRICULTURAL BACKGROUND TO THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION No fallow  % land used goes from 67  100% Peasants must share plow teams Divide fields into strips so everyone gets some land plowed All must agree on any changes in Agr Tech’s No change Stagnant agric. production 4-field system using turnips, barley, wheat (or some variant), & clover (to replenish soil) Several advantages: Heavy plow 3-field system Most land needed for grain crops just to feed people  Little land available for supporting livestock Little manure Virtually no fertilizer for crops stagnant agric. production Can use less fertile lands Crop rotation Keeps land fertile Vastly expanded potential for food prod. Peasants can afford feed for livestock More meat & protein in commoners’ diet Requires large tracts of land to practice Enclosure Movement to enclose large tracts of land Many peasants must leave their lands to move to cities for homes & jobs Dramatic population growth as agric. prod. grows by as much as 2X Affects Br’s population in 2 ways: Need a better way to feed & expand Britain’s population Need a better way to feed & expand Britain’s population New agricultural techniques & technology  Virtual revolution in medieval agriculture (FC.63) Rise of towns in High Middle Ages Rise of middle class with money to invest (FC.64) Enlightenment Scient. advances (FC.97) Labor supply for Britain’s textile mills (FC.111)

VIDEO ART QUIZ!!!! IDENTIFY THE ARTIST AND SUBJECT OF EACH OF THE FOLLOWING PAINTINGS

The Third of May by Francisco Goya

The Gleaners by Millet

Who did this painting and what was the story behind it?

The Raft of the Medusa by Theodore Gericault

Woman with a Parrot by Eugene Delacroix Woman with a Parrot by Gustave Courbet

The Technological background to the Industrial Revolution

The Technological background to the Industrial Revolution 1) What was the role of the Cistercian monks in the Industrial Revolution?

The Technological background to the Industrial Revolution 1) What was the role of the Cistercian monks in the Industrial Revolution? Moved to the hills->Labor shortage-> Experimented with waterwheels

The Technological background to the Industrial Revolution 1) What was the role of the Cistercian monks in the Industrial Revolution? Moved to the hills->Labor shortage-> Experimented with waterwheels ECT: Name of the Greek who invented the steam engine?

The Technological background to the Industrial Revolution 1) What was the role of the Cistercian monks in the Industrial Revolution? Moved to the hills->Labor shortage-> Experimented with waterwheels ECT: Name of the Greek who invented the steam engine? Hiero of Alexandria

The Technological background to the Industrial Revolution 1) What was the role of the Cistercian monks in the Industrial Revolution? Moved to the hills->Labor shortage-> Experimented with waterwheels ECT: Name of the Greek who invented the steam engine? Hiero of Alexandria ECT: Three arrangements of the waterwheel and their relative efficiencies?

The Technological background to the Industrial Revolution 1) What was the role of the Cistercian monks in the Industrial Revolution? Moved to the hills->Labor shortage-> Experimented with waterwheels ECT: Name of the Greek who invented the steam engine? Hiero of Alexandria ECT: Three arrangements of the waterwheel and their relative efficiencies? Horizontal (10%), Vertical undershot (20-30%), and Vertical overshot (50-70%)

The Technological background to the Industrial Revolution 1) What was the role of the Cistercian monks in the Industrial Revolution? Moved to the hills->Labor shortage-> Experimented with waterwheels ECT: Name of the Greek who invented the steam engine? Hiero of Alexandria ECT: Three arrangements of the waterwheel and their relative efficiencies? Horizontal (10%), Vertical undershot (20-30%), and Vertical overshot (50-70%) ECT: Discuss a letter to the emperor Tiberius& his reply.

The Technological background to the Industrial Revolution 1) What was the role of the Cistercian monks in the Industrial Revolution? Moved to the hills->Labor shortage-> Experimented with waterwheels ECT: Name of the Greek who invented the steam engine? Hiero of Alexandria ECT: Three arrangements of the waterwheel and their relative efficiencies? Horizontal (10%), Vertical undershot (20-30%), and Vertical overshot (50-70%) ECT: Discuss a letter to the emperor Tiberius& his reply. He turned down an offer of device that could do the work of 40 men since it would put people out of work.

The Technological background to the Industrial Revolution 1) What was the role of the Cistercian monks in the Industrial Revolution? Moved to the hills->Labor shortage-> Experimented with waterwheels ECT: Name of the Greek who invented the steam engine? Hiero of Alexandria ECT: Three arrangements of the waterwheel and their relative efficiencies? Horizontal (10%), Vertical undershot (20-30%), and Vertical overshot (50-70%) ECT: Discuss a letter to the emperor Tiberius& his reply. He turned down an offer of device that could do the work of 40 men since it would put people out of work. 2)Two innovations that expanded the waterwheel’s use?

The Technological background to the Industrial Revolution 1) What was the role of the Cistercian monks in the Industrial Revolution? Moved to the hills->Labor shortage-> Experimented with waterwheels ECT: Name of the Greek who invented the steam engine? Hiero of Alexandria ECT: Three arrangements of the waterwheel and their relative efficiencies? Horizontal (10%), Vertical undershot (20-30%), and Vertical overshot (50-70%) ECT: Discuss a letter to the emperor Tiberius& his reply. He turned down an offer of device that could do the work of 40 men since it would put people out of work. 2)Two innovations that expanded the waterwheel’s use? Cam & Crank-> Converted rotary motion of the water wheel to oscillating motion.

The Technological background to the Industrial Revolution 1) What was the role of the Cistercian monks in the Industrial Revolution? Moved to the hills->Labor shortage-> Experimented with waterwheels ECT: Name of the Greek who invented the steam engine? Hiero of Alexandria ECT: Three arrangements of the waterwheel and their relative efficiencies? Horizontal (10%), Vertical undershot (20-30%), and Vertical overshot (50-70%) ECT: Discuss a letter to the emperor Tiberius& his reply. He turned down an offer of device that could do the work of 40 men since it would put people out of work. 2)Two innovations that expanded the waterwheel’s use? Cam & Crank-> Converted rotary motion of the water wheel to oscillating motion. 3) Name two devices this especially mechanized.

The Technological background to the Industrial Revolution 1) What was the role of the Cistercian monks in the Industrial Revolution? Moved to the hills->Labor shortage-> Experimented with waterwheels ECT: Name of the Greek who invented the steam engine? Hiero of Alexandria ECT: Three arrangements of the waterwheel and their relative efficiencies? Horizontal (10%), Vertical undershot (20-30%), and Vertical overshot (50-70%) ECT: Discuss a letter to the emperor Tiberius& his reply. He turned down an offer of device that could do the work of 40 men since it would put people out of work. 2)Two innovations that expanded the waterwheel’s use? Cam & Crank-> Converted rotary motion of the water wheel to oscillating motion. 3) Name two devices this especially mechanized. Trip hammers, ripsaws, and bellows

The Technological background to the Industrial Revolution 1) What was the role of the Cistercian monks in the Industrial Revolution? Moved to the hills->Labor shortage-> Experimented with waterwheels ECT: Name of the Greek who invented the steam engine? Hiero of Alexandria ECT: Three arrangements of the waterwheel and their relative efficiencies? Horizontal (10%), Vertical undershot (20-30%), and Vertical overshot (50-70%) ECT: Discuss a letter to the emperor Tiberius& his reply. He turned down an offer of device that could do the work of 40 men since it would put people out of work. 2)Two innovations that expanded the waterwheel’s use? Cam & Crank-> Converted rotary motion of the water wheel to oscillating motion. 3) Name two devices this especially mechanized. Trip hammers, ripsaws, and bellows 4) How did ripsaws help lead to the Ind. Rev?

The Technological background to the Industrial Revolution 1) What was the role of the Cistercian monks in the Industrial Revolution? Moved to the hills->Labor shortage-> Experimented with waterwheels ECT: Name of the Greek who invented the steam engine? Hiero of Alexandria ECT: Three arrangements of the waterwheel and their relative efficiencies? Horizontal (10%), Vertical undershot (20-30%), and Vertical overshot (50-70%) ECT: Discuss a letter to the emperor Tiberius& his reply. He turned down an offer of device that could do the work of 40 men since it would put people out of work. 2)Two innovations that expanded the waterwheel’s use? Cam & Crank-> Converted rotary motion of the water wheel to oscillating motion. 3) Name two devices this especially mechanized. Trip hammers, ripsaws, and bellows 4) How did ripsaws help lead to the Ind. Rev? Deforested Eng.-> Had to burn coal-> Shaft mines -> water seepage-> used steam pumps-> inefficient-> develop more efficient one

The Technological background to the Industrial Revolution 1) What was the role of the Cistercian monks in the Industrial Revolution? Moved to the hills->Labor shortage-> Experimented with waterwheels ECT: Name of the Greek who invented the steam engine? Hiero of Alexandria ECT: Three arrangements of the waterwheel and their relative efficiencies? Horizontal (10%), Vertical undershot (20-30%), and Vertical overshot (50-70%) ECT: Discuss a letter to the emperor Tiberius& his reply. He turned down an offer of device that could do the work of 40 men since it would put people out of work. 2)Two innovations that expanded the waterwheel’s use? Cam & Crank-> Converted rotary motion of the water wheel to oscillating motion. 3) Name two devices this especially mechanized. Trip hammers, ripsaws, and bellows 4) How did ripsaws help lead to the Ind. Rev? Deforested Eng.-> Had to burn coal-> Shaft mines -> water seepage-> used steam pumps-> inefficient-> develop more efficient one 5) How did bellows help lead to the Ind. Rev?

The Technological background to the Industrial Revolution 1) What was the role of the Cistercian monks in the Industrial Revolution? Moved to the hills->Labor shortage-> Experimented with waterwheels ECT: Name of the Greek who invented the steam engine? Hiero of Alexandria ECT: Three arrangements of the waterwheel and their relative efficiencies? Horizontal (10%), Vertical undershot (20-30%), and Vertical overshot (50-70%) ECT: Discuss a letter to the emperor Tiberius& his reply. He turned down an offer of device that could do the work of 40 men since it would put people out of work. 2)Two innovations that expanded the waterwheel’s use? Cam & Crank-> Converted rotary motion of the water wheel to oscillating motion. 3) Name two devices this especially mechanized. Trip hammers, ripsaws, and bellows 4) How did ripsaws help lead to the Ind. Rev? Deforested Eng.-> Had to burn coal-> Shaft mines -> water seepage-> used steam pumps-> inefficient-> develop more efficient one 5) How did bellows help lead to the Ind. Rev? Created hotter fires -> stronger boilers

The Technological background to the Industrial Revolution 1) What was the role of the Cistercian monks in the Industrial Revolution? Moved to the hills->Labor shortage-> Experimented with waterwheels ECT: Name of the Greek who invented the steam engine? Hiero of Alexandria ECT: Three arrangements of the waterwheel and their relative efficiencies? Horizontal (10%), Vertical undershot (20-30%), and Vertical overshot (50-70%) ECT: Discuss a letter to the emperor Tiberius& his reply. He turned down an offer of device that could do the work of 40 men since it would put people out of work. 2)Two innovations that expanded the waterwheel’s use? Cam & Crank-> Converted rotary motion of the water wheel to oscillating motion. 3) Name two devices this especially mechanized. Trip hammers, ripsaws, and bellows 4) How did ripsaws help lead to the Ind. Rev? Deforested Eng.-> Had to burn coal-> Shaft mines -> water seepage-> used steam pumps-> inefficient-> develop more efficient one 5) How did bellows help lead to the Ind. Rev? Created hotter fires -> stronger boilers 6) What problem in the textile industry-> more efficient steam engine?

The Technological background to the Industrial Revolution 1) What was the role of the Cistercian monks in the Industrial Revolution? Moved to the hills->Labor shortage-> Experimented with waterwheels ECT: Name of the Greek who invented the steam engine? Hiero of Alexandria ECT: Three arrangements of the waterwheel and their relative efficiencies? Horizontal (10%), Vertical undershot (20-30%), and Vertical overshot (50-70%) ECT: Discuss a letter to the emperor Tiberius& his reply. He turned down an offer of device that could do the work of 40 men since it would put people out of work. 2)Two innovations that expanded the waterwheel’s use? Cam & Crank-> Converted rotary motion of the water wheel to oscillating motion. 3) Name two devices this especially mechanized. Trip hammers, ripsaws, and bellows 4) How did ripsaws help lead to the Ind. Rev? Deforested Eng.-> Had to burn coal-> Shaft mines -> water seepage-> used steam pumps-> inefficient-> develop more efficient one 5) How did bellows help lead to the Ind. Rev? Created hotter fires -> stronger boilers 6) What problem in the textile industry-> more efficient steam engine? Cheap Asian competition -> Mech. Handloom & spinning jenny-> Textile prod. Rises 30X-> Run out of waterfront prop. For water wheels-> Develop more efficient steam engine

The Technological background to the Industrial Revolution 1) What was the role of the Cistercian monks in the Industrial Revolution? Moved to the hills->Labor shortage-> Experimented with waterwheels ECT: Name of the Greek who invented the steam engine? Hiero of Alexandria ECT: Three arrangements of the waterwheel and their relative efficiencies? Horizontal (10%), Vertical undershot (20-30%), and Vertical overshot (50-70%) ECT: Discuss a letter to the emperor Tiberius& his reply. He turned down an offer of device that could do the work of 40 men since it would put people out of work. 2)Two innovations that expanded the waterwheel’s use? Cam & Crank-> Converted rotary motion of the water wheel to oscillating motion. 3) Name two devices this especially mechanized. Trip hammers, ripsaws, and bellows 4) How did ripsaws help lead to the Ind. Rev? Deforested Eng.-> Had to burn coal-> Shaft mines -> water seepage-> used steam pumps-> inefficient-> develop more efficient one 5) How did bellows help lead to the Ind. Rev? Created hotter fires -> stronger boilers 6) What problem in the textile industry-> more efficient steam engine? Cheap Asian competition -> Mech. Handloom & spinning jenny-> Textile prod. Rises 30X-> Run out of waterfront prop. For water wheels-> Develop more efficient steam engine ECT: Who developed this new steam engine & how?

The Technological background to the Industrial Revolution 1) What was the role of the Cistercian monks in the Industrial Revolution? Moved to the hills->Labor shortage-> Experimented with waterwheels ECT: Name of the Greek who invented the steam engine? Hiero of Alexandria ECT: Three arrangements of the waterwheel and their relative efficiencies? Horizontal (10%), Vertical undershot (20-30%), and Vertical overshot (50-70%) ECT: Discuss a letter to the emperor Tiberius& his reply. He turned down an offer of device that could do the work of 40 men since it would put people out of work. 2)Two innovations that expanded the waterwheel’s use? Cam & Crank-> Converted rotary motion of the water wheel to oscillating motion. 3) Name two devices this especially mechanized. Trip hammers, ripsaws, and bellows 4) How did ripsaws help lead to the Ind. Rev? Deforested Eng.-> Had to burn coal-> Shaft mines -> water seepage-> used steam pumps-> inefficient-> develop more efficient one 5) How did bellows help lead to the Ind. Rev? Created hotter fires -> stronger boilers 6) What problem in the textile industry-> more efficient steam engine? Cheap Asian competition -> Mech. Handloom & spinning jenny-> Textile prod. Rises 30X-> Run out of waterfront prop. For water wheels-> Develop more efficient steam engine ECT: Who developed this new steam engine & how? James Watt added 2nd cylinder to avoid wasting energy by heating & cooling the same cylinder.

FC.110 THE TECHNOLOGICAL BACKGROUND TO INDUSTRIALIZATION Develop coke from coal for hotter fires Labor shortage so far from society  Start using water wheels Cam & crank to convert circular to oscillating motion  Multitude of jobs done with water power More ideas for new uses of technology Continued spread of waterwheel tech’s Invention of a more efficient steam engine by James Watt (1769) Larger bellows  can get hotter fires Finally able to smelt iron completely Ripsaws cut more wood deforest Br. Stronger & more metal for building steam engines Develop steam pumps vs. water seepage in coal mines Spinning Jenny (1760s) Spun 7X threads Mech. handloom (1733) Could double textile prod. British textile prod. & profits soar Need new power source when all waterfront prop. for waterwheels is gone Adoption of the clock in W. Eur. W. Civ’s mechanistic view of the universe Adoption of the clock in W. Eur. W. Civ’s mechanistic view of the universe New textile tech. in Br. to compete vs. cheaper Asian goods Cistercian monks move into hills to avoid worldly temptations (FC.64) Invention of clock in China (FC.57) Invention of clock in China (FC.57) Basis for the Industrial Revolution (FC. 111)

VIDEO QUIZBOWL!!!! IDENTIFY THE SUBJECT OF EACH OF THE FOLLOWING

Jethro Tull’s seed drill, invented in 1731 although not widely used for nearly a century, planted seeds in even rows, which allowed hoeing and aeration of the soil between the plants.

Chicago, 1820

How were these monsters defeated? Lured to their deaths in Lake Michigan by a recording of their mating call

What is this and what’s its problem? The main problem with the Newcomen engine was it had only one cylinder for heating and cooling, making it very inefficient since so much energy was wasted in repeatedly heating and cooling that one chamber.

How did this solve that problems? The major innovation of James Watts’ engine was having two cylinders, one for heating and one for cooling. Which saved considerable amounts of fuel by not having to heat and cool the same cylinder.

The Rocket What was the name of this locomotive? Rainhill Trials What contest did it win? It had to haul 20 tons of freight at a sustained speed of 10 MPH Criteria for winning?

What did one railroad pay this man $25,000 to do?

Stay off their trains and refrain from taking other passengers’ money in card games

Who is this? & what did he do? John McAdam, whose Macadamized roads vastly improved overland travel in Britain before the Railroads

A tidal mill used different water pressures to function. (1) The high tide forces open a gate, thus letting water into a holding tank. When the tank is full and the tide goes out the higher pressure in the holding tank forces the gate shut (2). Then a second gate can be opened to let water down to turn a water wheel (3). 1 2 3

A scheme of the growth of Louisiana railroads up to the bank crash of 1837

Government funding of railroads in the Western US took the form of land-grants in a checkerboard pattern giving railroads half the land (red plots) and selling the others (blue) to private companies and individuals. This prevented the railroads from controlling an entire area while encouraging sale of their plots to private companies and citizens who wanted to control solid blocs of territory.

Eli Whitney, his cotton gin, and an ad showing another of his innovations, manufacturing guns with interchangeable parts

Wilkinson’s cylinder borer (1775)

This milling complex at Arles in Roman Gaul had 16 waterwheels that could mill enough grain to feed 80,000 people.

The Birth of Railroads

The Birth of Railroads 1) What were two problems that had to be solved before railroads could be built and what were their solutions?

The Birth of Railroads 1) What were two problems that had to be solved before railroads could be built and what were their solutions? 1) Convert steam engine’s oscillating to rotary motion-> Sun & Planet gear & 2) need to create stronger & cheaper iron for boilers & rails-> rolling & puddling

The Birth of Railroads 1) What were two problems that had to be solved before railroads could be built and what were their solutions? 1) Convert steam engine’s oscillating to rotary motion-> Sun & Planet gear & 2) need to create stronger & cheaper iron for boilers & rails-> rolling & puddling ECT: Who invented the Sun & Planet gear?

The Birth of Railroads 1) What were two problems that had to be solved before railroads could be built and what were their solutions? 1) Convert steam engine’s oscillating to rotary motion-> Sun & Planet gear & 2) need to create stronger & cheaper iron for boilers & rails-> rolling & puddling ECT: Who invented the Sun & Planet gear? James Watt

The Birth of Railroads 1) What were two problems that had to be solved before railroads could be built and what were their solutions? 1) Convert steam engine’s oscillating to rotary motion-> Sun & Planet gear & 2) need to create stronger & cheaper iron for boilers & rails-> rolling & puddling ECT: Who invented the Sun & Planet gear? James Watt 2) What need drove the development of the railroads?

The Birth of Railroads 1) What were two problems that had to be solved before railroads could be built and what were their solutions? 1) Convert steam engine’s oscillating to rotary motion-> Sun & Planet gear & 2) need to create stronger & cheaper iron for boilers & rails-> rolling & puddling ECT: Who invented the Sun & Planet gear? James Watt 2) What need drove the development of the railroads? Napoleonic Wars-> shortage of horses

The Birth of Railroads 1) What were two problems that had to be solved before railroads could be built and what were their solutions? 1) Convert steam engine’s oscillating to rotary motion-> Sun & Planet gear & 2) need to create stronger & cheaper iron for boilers & rails-> rolling & puddling ECT: Who invented the Sun & Planet gear? James Watt 2) What need drove the development of the railroads? Napoleonic Wars-> shortage of horses 3) What were three ways governments got involved in the railroads?

The Birth of Railroads 1) What were two problems that had to be solved before railroads could be built and what were their solutions? 1) Convert steam engine’s oscillating to rotary motion-> Sun & Planet gear & 2) need to create stronger & cheaper iron for boilers & rails-> rolling & puddling ECT: Who invented the Sun & Planet gear? James Watt 2) What need drove the development of the railroads? Napoleonic Wars-> shortage of horses 3) What were three ways governments got involved in the railroads? 1) Where to build them; 2) funding them & 3) Standard gauges and safety practices

The Birth of Railroads 1) What were two problems that had to be solved before railroads could be built and what were their solutions? 1) Convert steam engine’s oscillating to rotary motion-> Sun & Planet gear & 2) need to create stronger & cheaper iron for boilers & rails-> rolling & puddling ECT: Who invented the Sun & Planet gear? James Watt 2) What need drove the development of the railroads? Napoleonic Wars-> shortage of horses 3) What were three ways governments got involved in the railroads? 1) Where to build them; 2) funding them & 3) Standard gauges and safety practices 4) What were three effects of the railroads’ faster speed and cheaper transport rates?

The Birth of Railroads 1) What were two problems that had to be solved before railroads could be built and what were their solutions? 1) Convert steam engine’s oscillating to rotary motion-> Sun & Planet gear & 2) need to create stronger & cheaper iron for boilers & rails-> rolling & puddling ECT: Who invented the Sun & Planet gear? James Watt 2) What need drove the development of the railroads? Napoleonic Wars-> shortage of horses 3) What were three ways governments got involved in the railroads? 1) Where to build them; 2) funding them & 3) Standard gauges and safety practices 4) What were three effects of the railroads’ faster speed and cheaper transport rates? 1) Developed continental interiors; 2) They could feed once isolated areas 3) Farmers could switch from subsistence agriculture to more efficient & profitable cash crops.

The Birth of Railroads 1) What were two problems that had to be solved before railroads could be built and what were their solutions? 1) Convert steam engine’s oscillating to rotary motion-> Sun & Planet gear & 2) need to create stronger & cheaper iron for boilers & rails-> rolling & puddling ECT: Who invented the Sun & Planet gear? James Watt 2) What need drove the development of the railroads? Napoleonic Wars-> shortage of horses 3) What were three ways governments got involved in the railroads? 1) Where to build them; 2) funding them & 3) Standard gauges and safety practices 4) What were three effects of the railroads’ faster speed and cheaper transport rates? 1) Developed continental interiors; 2) They could feed once isolated areas 3) Farmers could switch from subsistence agriculture to more efficient & profitable cash crops. 5) What feedback did this generate?

The Birth of Railroads 1) What were two problems that had to be solved before railroads could be built and what were their solutions? 1) Convert steam engine’s oscillating to rotary motion-> Sun & Planet gear & 2) need to create stronger & cheaper iron for boilers & rails-> rolling & puddling ECT: Who invented the Sun & Planet gear? James Watt 2) What need drove the development of the railroads? Napoleonic Wars-> shortage of horses 3) What were three ways governments got involved in the railroads? 1) Where to build them; 2) funding them & 3) Standard gauges and safety practices 4) What were three effects of the railroads’ faster speed and cheaper transport rates? 1) Developed continental interiors; 2) They could feed once isolated areas 3) Farmers could switch from subsistence agriculture to more efficient & profitable cash crops. 5) What feedback did this generate? More consumers-> Stimulated sales, production, & jobs -> Virtual explosion of new products & discoveries-> Higher standard of living-> etc.

The Birth of Railroads 1) What were two problems that had to be solved before railroads could be built and what were their solutions? 1) Convert steam engine’s oscillating to rotary motion-> Sun & Planet gear & 2) need to create stronger & cheaper iron for boilers & rails-> rolling & puddling ECT: Who invented the Sun & Planet gear? James Watt 2) What need drove the development of the railroads? Napoleonic Wars-> shortage of horses 3) What were three ways governments got involved in the railroads? 1) Where to build them; 2) funding them & 3) Standard gauges and safety practices 4) What were three effects of the railroads’ faster speed and cheaper transport rates? 1) Developed continental interiors; 2) They could feed once isolated areas 3) Farmers could switch from subsistence agriculture to more efficient & profitable cash crops. 5) What feedback did this generate? More consumers-> Stimulated sales, production, & jobs -> Virtual explosion of new products & discoveries-> Higher standard of living-> etc. ECT: Who or what was Tom Thumb?

The Birth of Railroads 1) What were two problems that had to be solved before railroads could be built and what were their solutions? 1) Convert steam engine’s oscillating to rotary motion-> Sun & Planet gear & 2) need to create stronger & cheaper iron for boilers & rails-> rolling & puddling ECT: Who invented the Sun & Planet gear? James Watt 2) What need drove the development of the railroads? Napoleonic Wars-> shortage of horses 3) What were three ways governments got involved in the railroads? 1) Where to build them; 2) funding them & 3) Standard gauges and safety practices 4) What were three effects of the railroads’ faster speed and cheaper transport rates? 1) Developed continental interiors; 2) They could feed once isolated areas 3) Farmers could switch from subsistence agriculture to more efficient & profitable cash crops. 5) What feedback did this generate? More consumers-> Stimulated sales, production, & jobs -> Virtual explosion of new products & discoveries-> Higher standard of living-> etc. ECT: Who or what was Tom Thumb? An early locomotive that lost race with a horse

The Birth of Railroads 1) What were two problems that had to be solved before railroads could be built and what were their solutions? 1) Convert steam engine’s oscillating to rotary motion-> Sun & Planet gear & 2) need to create stronger & cheaper iron for boilers & rails-> rolling & puddling ECT: Who invented the Sun & Planet gear? James Watt 2) What need drove the development of the railroads? Napoleonic Wars-> shortage of horses 3) What were three ways governments got involved in the railroads? 1) Where to build them; 2) funding them & 3) Standard gauges and safety practices 4) What were three effects of the railroads’ faster speed and cheaper transport rates? 1) Developed continental interiors; 2) They could feed once isolated areas 3) Farmers could switch from subsistence agriculture to more efficient & profitable cash crops. 5) What feedback did this generate? More consumers-> Stimulated sales, production, & jobs -> Virtual explosion of new products & discoveries-> Higher standard of living-> etc. ECT: Who or what was Tom Thumb? An early locomotive that lost race with a horse ECT: What was the land speed record set in 1893?

The Birth of Railroads 1) What were two problems that had to be solved before railroads could be built and what were their solutions? 1) Convert steam engine’s oscillating to rotary motion-> Sun & Planet gear & 2) need to create stronger & cheaper iron for boilers & rails-> rolling & puddling ECT: Who invented the Sun & Planet gear? James Watt 2) What need drove the development of the railroads? Napoleonic Wars-> shortage of horses 3) What were three ways governments got involved in the railroads? 1) Where to build them; 2) funding them & 3) Standard gauges and safety practices 4) What were three effects of the railroads’ faster speed and cheaper transport rates? 1) Developed continental interiors; 2) They could feed once isolated areas 3) Farmers could switch from subsistence agriculture to more efficient & profitable cash crops. 5) What feedback did this generate? More consumers-> Stimulated sales, production, & jobs -> Virtual explosion of new products & discoveries-> Higher standard of living-> etc. ECT: Who or what was Tom Thumb? An early locomotive that lost race with a horse ECT: What was the land speed record set in 1893? 112.5 mph

The Birth of Railroads 1) What were two problems that had to be solved before railroads could be built and what were their solutions? 1) Convert steam engine’s oscillating to rotary motion-> Sun & Planet gear & 2) need to create stronger & cheaper iron for boilers & rails-> rolling & puddling ECT: Who invented the Sun & Planet gear? James Watt 2) What need drove the development of the railroads? Napoleonic Wars-> shortage of horses 3) What were three ways governments got involved in the railroads? 1) Where to build them; 2) funding them & 3) Standard gauges and safety practices 4) What were three effects of the railroads’ faster speed and cheaper transport rates? 1) Developed continental interiors; 2) They could feed once isolated areas 3) Farmers could switch from subsistence agriculture to more efficient & profitable cash crops. 5) What feedback did this generate? More consumers-> Stimulated sales, production, & jobs -> Virtual explosion of new products & discoveries-> Higher standard of living-> etc. ECT: Who or what was Tom Thumb? An early locomotive that lost race with a horse ECT: What was the land speed record set in 1893? 112.5 mph ECT: What was the significance of the numbers 95, 1500, & 6600?

The Birth of Railroads 1) What were two problems that had to be solved before railroads could be built and what were their solutions? 1) Convert steam engine’s oscillating to rotary motion-> Sun & Planet gear & 2) need to create stronger & cheaper iron for boilers & rails-> rolling & puddling ECT: Who invented the Sun & Planet gear? James Watt 2) What need drove the development of the railroads? Napoleonic Wars-> shortage of horses 3) What were three ways governments got involved in the railroads? 1) Where to build them; 2) funding them & 3) Standard gauges and safety practices 4) What were three effects of the railroads’ faster speed and cheaper transport rates? 1) Developed continental interiors; 2) They could feed once isolated areas 3) Farmers could switch from subsistence agriculture to more efficient & profitable cash crops. 5) What feedback did this generate? More consumers-> Stimulated sales, production, & jobs -> Virtual explosion of new products & discoveries-> Higher standard of living-> etc. ECT: Who or what was Tom Thumb? An early locomotive that lost race with a horse ECT: What was the land speed record set in 1893? 112.5 mph ECT: What was the significance of the numbers 95, 1500, & 6600? Miles of track in Britain in 1830, 1840, & 1850

The Birth of Railroads 1) What were two problems that had to be solved before railroads could be built and what were their solutions? 1) Convert steam engine’s oscillating to rotary motion-> Sun & Planet gear & 2) need to create stronger & cheaper iron for boilers & rails-> rolling & puddling ECT: Who invented the Sun & Planet gear? James Watt 2) What need drove the development of the railroads? Napoleonic Wars-> shortage of horses 3) What were three ways governments got involved in the railroads? 1) Where to build them; 2) funding them & 3) Standard gauges and safety practices 4) What were three effects of the railroads’ faster speed and cheaper transport rates? 1) Developed continental interiors; 2) They could feed once isolated areas 3) Farmers could switch from subsistence agriculture to more efficient & profitable cash crops. 5) What feedback did this generate? More consumers-> Stimulated sales, production, & jobs -> Virtual explosion of new products & discoveries-> Higher standard of living-> etc. ECT: Who or what was Tom Thumb? An early locomotive that lost race with a horse ECT: What was the land speed record set in 1893? 112.5 mph ECT: What was the significance of the numbers 95, 1500, & 6600? Miles of track in Britain in 1830, 1840, & 1850 ECT: What was the significance of the number 167,000?

The Birth of Railroads 1) What were two problems that had to be solved before railroads could be built and what were their solutions? 1) Convert steam engine’s oscillating to rotary motion-> Sun & Planet gear & 2) need to create stronger & cheaper iron for boilers & rails-> rolling & puddling ECT: Who invented the Sun & Planet gear? James Watt 2) What need drove the development of the railroads? Napoleonic Wars-> shortage of horses 3) What were three ways governments got involved in the railroads? 1) Where to build them; 2) funding them & 3) Standard gauges and safety practices 4) What were three effects of the railroads’ faster speed and cheaper transport rates? 1) Developed continental interiors; 2) They could feed once isolated areas 3) Farmers could switch from subsistence agriculture to more efficient & profitable cash crops. 5) What feedback did this generate? More consumers-> Stimulated sales, production, & jobs -> Virtual explosion of new products & discoveries-> Higher standard of living-> etc. ECT: Who or what was Tom Thumb? An early locomotive that lost race with a horse ECT: What was the land speed record set in 1893? 112.5 mph ECT: What was the significance of the numbers 95, 1500, & 6600? Miles of track in Britain in 1830, 1840, & 1850 ECT: What was the significance of the number 167,000? Miles of track in US by 1900

The Birth of Railroads 1) What were two problems that had to be solved before railroads could be built and what were their solutions? 1) Convert steam engine’s oscillating to rotary motion-> Sun & Planet gear & 2) need to create stronger & cheaper iron for boilers & rails-> rolling & puddling ECT: Who invented the Sun & Planet gear? James Watt 2) What need drove the development of the railroads? Napoleonic Wars-> shortage of horses 3) What were three ways governments got involved in the railroads? 1) Where to build them; 2) funding them & 3) Standard gauges and safety practices 4) What were three effects of the railroads’ faster speed and cheaper transport rates? 1) Developed continental interiors; 2) They could feed once isolated areas 3) Farmers could switch from subsistence agriculture to more efficient & profitable cash crops. 5) What feedback did this generate? More consumers-> Stimulated sales, production, & jobs -> Virtual explosion of new products & discoveries-> Higher standard of living-> etc. ECT: Who or what was Tom Thumb? An early locomotive that lost race with a horse ECT: What was the land speed record set in 1893? 112.5 mph ECT: What was the significance of the numbers 95, 1500, & 6600? Miles of track in Britain in 1830, 1840, & 1850 ECT: What was the significance of the number 167,000? Miles of track in US by 1900 ECT: Significance of the number 48,000?

The Birth of Railroads 1) What were two problems that had to be solved before railroads could be built and what were their solutions? 1) Convert steam engine’s oscillating to rotary motion-> Sun & Planet gear & 2) need to create stronger & cheaper iron for boilers & rails-> rolling & puddling ECT: Who invented the Sun & Planet gear? James Watt 2) What need drove the development of the railroads? Napoleonic Wars-> shortage of horses 3) What were three ways governments got involved in the railroads? 1) Where to build them; 2) funding them & 3) Standard gauges and safety practices 4) What were three effects of the railroads’ faster speed and cheaper transport rates? 1) Developed continental interiors; 2) They could feed once isolated areas 3) Farmers could switch from subsistence agriculture to more efficient & profitable cash crops. 5) What feedback did this generate? More consumers-> Stimulated sales, production, & jobs -> Virtual explosion of new products & discoveries-> Higher standard of living-> etc. ECT: Who or what was Tom Thumb? An early locomotive that lost race with a horse ECT: What was the land speed record set in 1893? 112.5 mph ECT: What was the significance of the numbers 95, 1500, & 6600? Miles of track in Britain in 1830, 1840, & 1850 ECT: What was the significance of the number 167,000? Miles of track in US by 1900 ECT: Significance of the number 48,000? Miles of track in Russia by 1900

FC. 112 RAILROADS & THEIR IMPACT (c.1825-1900) Efforts to create steam locomotive More prod Jobs $ in ec. Sales Etc. Medi. & agr. advances raise stand. of living More people can afford consumer goods Need to expand steam engine’s versatility Patent to convert oscillating to rotary motion in 1780s Need stronger iron to make stronger boilers Rolling & puddling process Cheap rails for RR’s 1st RR’s in BritProfits Serious shortage of horses Growing government involvement in: Standard gauges & safety measures Funding of RR’s Location of RR’s Shorter transp. time & cheaper rates Can feed once isolated areas Dev. Contin. interiors Can grow cash crops 1st working locomotive (1804) James Watts’ more efficient steam engine (FC.110) Napoleonic Wars (FC.106) Rapid expansion of RR’s in Britain Spreads to other countries (FC.116) Virtual explosion of new inventions & tech (FC.117)

VIDEO ART QUIZ!!!! IDENTIFY THE ARTIST AND SUBJECT OF EACH OF THE FOLLOWING PAINTINGS

Gustave Courbet, The Trout (1873)

Artist and subject of this painting?

The Massacre at Chios by Delacroix

Peasant Funeral by Gustave Courbet

Artist and title?

Those Who Cannot by Francisco Goya

Artist and title of this painting?

Rain Steam and Speed by JMW Turner

Artist and what he was trying to say in this painting?

The Artist’s Studio by Gustave Courbet, contrasting the hard lives of the poor with the easy lives of the rich

The Naked Maja (aboe) & TheClothed Maja by Francisco Goya

Artist and subject of this painting

Madame Recamier by Jacques Louis David

The Spring by Ingres

Saturn Devouring his Children by Francisco Goya

Liberty Leading the Forces of Revolution by Eugene Delacroix What popular name did the French use for the personification of France?

Liberty Leading the Forces of Revolution by Eugene Delacroix Marianne

The Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution

The Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution 1) How did the Black Death in 1300s affect the family structure in Europe?

The Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution 1) How did the Black Death in 1300s affect the family structure in Europe? It delayed age of marriage to limit population growth-> “extended nuclear family” w/indiv. Nuclear families living close to one another-> They could provide mutual support

The Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution 1) How did the Black Death in 1300s affect the family structure in Europe? It delayed age of marriage to limit population growth-> “extended nuclear family” w/indiv. Nuclear families living close to one another-> They could provide mutual support 2) How did the Industrial Revolution affect family structure?

The Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution 1) How did the Black Death in 1300s affect the family structure in Europe? It delayed age of marriage to limit population growth-> “extended nuclear family” w/indiv. Nuclear families living close to one another-> They could provide mutual support 2) How did the Industrial Revolution affect family structure? People moved from villages to cities -> Nucl. families more isolated from each other, though often still in same neighborhoods

The Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution 1) How did the Black Death in 1300s affect the family structure in Europe? It delayed age of marriage to limit population growth-> “extended nuclear family” w/indiv. Nuclear families living close to one another-> They could provide mutual support 2) How did the Industrial Revolution affect family structure? People moved from villages to cities Nucl. families more isolated from each other, though often still in same neighborhoods 3)What else was separated by the Industrial Revolution?

The Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution 1) How did the Black Death in 1300s affect the family structure in Europe? It delayed age of marriage to limit population growth-> “extended nuclear family” w/indiv. Nuclear families living close to one another-> They could provide mutual support 2) How did the Industrial Revolution affect family structure? People moved from villages to cities -> Nucl. families more isolated from each other, though often still in same neighborhoods 3)What else was separated by the Industrial Revolution? Work & home

The Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution 1) How did the Black Death in 1300s affect the family structure in Europe? It delayed age of marriage to limit population growth-> “extended nuclear family” w/indiv. Nuclear families living close to one another-> They could provide mutual support 2) How did the Industrial Revolution affect family structure? People moved from villages to cities -> Nucl. families more isolated from each other, though often still in same neighborhoods 3)What else was separated by the Industrial Revolution? Work & home 4) What was the company store system?

The Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution 1) How did the Black Death in 1300s affect the family structure in Europe? It delayed age of marriage to limit population growth-> “extended nuclear family” w/indiv. Nuclear families living close to one another-> They could provide mutual support 2) How did the Industrial Revolution affect family structure? People moved from villages to cities -> Nucl. families more isolated from each other, though often still in same neighborhoods 3)What else was separated by the Industrial Revolution? Work & home 4) What was the company store system? Workers couldn’t afford to pay for its goods -> They bought on credit-> Mounting debt keeping them bound to the company until they paid -> which they never could.

The Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution 1) How did the Black Death in 1300s affect the family structure in Europe? It delayed age of marriage to limit population growth-> “extended nuclear family” w/indiv. Nuclear families living close to one another-> They could provide mutual support 2) How did the Industrial Revolution affect family structure? People moved from villages to cities -> Nucl. families more isolated from each other, though often still in same neighborhoods 3)What else was separated by the Industrial Revolution? Work & home 4) What was the company store system? Workers couldn’t afford to pay for its goods -> They bought on credit-> Mounting debt keeping them bound to the company until they paid -> which they never could. 5) What were three types of evidence of rising standard of living by 1900?

The Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution 1) How did the Black Death in 1300s affect the family structure in Europe? It delayed age of marriage to limit population growth-> “extended nuclear family” w/indiv. Nuclear families living close to one another-> They could provide mutual support 2) How did the Industrial Revolution affect family structure? People moved from villages to cities -> Nucl. families more isolated from each other, though often still in same neighborhoods 3)What else was separated by the Industrial Revolution? Work & home 4) What was the company store system? Workers couldn’t afford to pay for its goods -> They bought on credit-> Mounting debt keeping them bound to the company until they paid -> which they never could. 5) What were three types of evidence of rising standard of living by 1900? 1) Longer life expectancy; 2) Real wages had doubled; & 3) Europe’s population had tripled

The Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution 1) How did the Black Death in 1300s affect the family structure in Europe? It delayed age of marriage to limit population growth-> “extended nuclear family” w/indiv. Nuclear families living close to one another-> They could provide mutual support 2) How did the Industrial Revolution affect family structure? People moved from villages to cities -> Nucl. families more isolated from each other, though often still in same neighborhoods 3)What else was separated by the Industrial Revolution? Work & home 4) What was the company store system? Workers couldn’t afford to pay for its goods -> They bought on credit-> Mounting debt keeping them bound to the company until they paid -> which they never could. 5) What were three types of evidence of rising standard of living by 1900? 1) Longer life expectancy; 2) Real wages had doubled; & 3) Europe’s population had tripled 6) Compare and contrast the cottage Industry and factory systems in terms of Rate of Pay:

The Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution 1) How did the Black Death in 1300s affect the family structure in Europe? It delayed age of marriage to limit population growth-> “extended nuclear family” w/indiv. Nuclear families living close to one another-> They could provide mutual support 2) How did the Industrial Revolution affect family structure? People moved from villages to cities -> Nucl. families more isolated from each other, though often still in same neighborhoods 3)What else was separated by the Industrial Revolution? Work & home 4) What was the company store system? Workers couldn’t afford to pay for its goods -> They bought on credit-> Mounting debt keeping them bound to the company until they paid -> which they never could. 5) What were three types of evidence of rising standard of living by 1900? 1) Longer life expectancy; 2) Real wages had doubled; & 3) Europe’s population had tripled 6) Compare and contrast the cottage Industry and factory systems in terms of Rate of Pay:Cottage: per unit produced; factory: per hour since they could speed up machines

The Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution 1) How did the Black Death in 1300s affect the family structure in Europe? It delayed age of marriage to limit population growth-> “extended nuclear family” w/indiv. Nuclear families living close to one another-> They could provide mutual support 2) How did the Industrial Revolution affect family structure? People moved from villages to cities -> Nucl. families more isolated from each other, though often still in same neighborhoods 3)What else was separated by the Industrial Revolution? Work & home 4) What was the company store system? Workers couldn’t afford to pay for its goods -> They bought on credit-> Mounting debt keeping them bound to the company until they paid -> which they never could. 5) What were three types of evidence of rising standard of living by 1900? 1) Longer life expectancy; 2) Real wages had doubled; & 3) Europe’s population had tripled 6) Compare and contrast the cottage Industry and factory systems in terms of Rate of Pay:Cottage: per unit produced; factory: per hour since they could speed up machines Rate of work:

The Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution 1) How did the Black Death in 1300s affect the family structure in Europe? It delayed age of marriage to limit population growth-> “extended nuclear family” w/indiv. Nuclear families living close to one another-> They could provide mutual support 2) How did the Industrial Revolution affect family structure? People moved from villages to cities -> Nucl. families more isolated from each other, though often still in same neighborhoods 3)What else was separated by the Industrial Revolution? Work & home 4) What was the company store system? Workers couldn’t afford to pay for its goods -> They bought on credit-> Mounting debt keeping them bound to the company until they paid -> which they never could. 5) What were three types of evidence of rising standard of living by 1900? 1) Longer life expectancy; 2) Real wages had doubled; & 3) Europe’s population had tripled 6) Compare and contrast the cottage Industry and factory systems in terms of Rate of Pay:Cottage: per unit produced; factory: per hour since they could speed up machines Rate of work:Cottage: one’s own; factory: machine’s pace

The Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution 1) How did the Black Death in 1300s affect the family structure in Europe? It delayed age of marriage to limit population growth-> “extended nuclear family” w/indiv. Nuclear families living close to one another-> They could provide mutual support 2) How did the Industrial Revolution affect family structure? People moved from villages to cities -> Nucl. families more isolated from each other, though often still in same neighborhoods 3)What else was separated by the Industrial Revolution? Work & home 4) What was the company store system? Workers couldn’t afford to pay for its goods -> They bought on credit-> Mounting debt keeping them bound to the company until they paid -> which they never could. 5) What were three types of evidence of rising standard of living by 1900? 1) Longer life expectancy; 2) Real wages had doubled; & 3) Europe’s population had tripled 6) Compare and contrast the cottage Industry and factory systems in terms of Rate of Pay:Cottage: per unit produced; factory: per hour since they could speed up machines Rate of work:Cottage: one’s own; factory: machine’s pace Where they worked:

The Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution 1) How did the Black Death in 1300s affect the family structure in Europe? It delayed age of marriage to limit population growth-> “extended nuclear family” w/indiv. Nuclear families living close to one another-> They could provide mutual support 2) How did the Industrial Revolution affect family structure? People moved from villages to cities -> Nucl. families more isolated from each other, though often still in same neighborhoods 3)What else was separated by the Industrial Revolution? Work & home 4) What was the company store system? Workers couldn’t afford to pay for its goods -> They bought on credit-> Mounting debt keeping them bound to the company until they paid -> which they never could. 5) What were three types of evidence of rising standard of living by 1900? 1) Longer life expectancy; 2) Real wages had doubled; & 3) Europe’s population had tripled 6) Compare and contrast the cottage Industry and factory systems in terms of Rate of Pay:Cottage: per unit produced; factory: per hour since they could speed up machines Rate of work:Cottage: one’s own; factory: machine’s pace Where they worked:Cottage: their own homes; Factory: away from home in factory

The Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution 1) How did the Black Death in 1300s affect the family structure in Europe? It delayed age of marriage to limit population growth-> “extended nuclear family” w/indiv. Nuclear families living close to one another-> They could provide mutual support 2) How did the Industrial Revolution affect family structure? People moved from villages to cities -> Nucl. families more isolated from each other, though often still in same neighborhoods 3)What else was separated by the Industrial Revolution? Work & home 4) What was the company store system? Workers couldn’t afford to pay for its goods -> They bought on credit-> Mounting debt keeping them bound to the company until they paid -> which they never could. 5) What were three types of evidence of rising standard of living by 1900? 1) Longer life expectancy; 2) Real wages had doubled; & 3) Europe’s population had tripled 6) Compare and contrast the cottage Industry and factory systems in terms of Rate of Pay:Cottage: per unit produced; factory: per hour since they could speed up machines Rate of work:Cottage: one’s own; factory: machine’s pace Where they worked:Cottage: their own homes; Factory: away from home in factory ECT: Significance of the numbers 17 & 38?

The Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution 1) How did the Black Death in 1300s affect the family structure in Europe? It delayed age of marriage to limit population growth-> “extended nuclear family” w/indiv. Nuclear families living close to one another-> They could provide mutual support 2) How did the Industrial Revolution affect family structure? People moved from villages to cities -> Nucl. families more isolated from each other, though often still in same neighborhoods 3)What else was separated by the Industrial Revolution? Work & home 4) What was the company store system? Workers couldn’t afford to pay for its goods -> They bought on credit-> Mounting debt keeping them bound to the company until they paid -> which they never could. 5) What were three types of evidence of rising standard of living by 1900? 1) Longer life expectancy; 2) Real wages had doubled; & 3) Europe’s population had tripled 6) Compare and contrast the cottage Industry and factory systems in terms of Rate of Pay:Cottage: per unit produced; factory: per hour since they could speed up machines Rate of work:Cottage: one’s own; factory: machine’s pace Where they worked:Cottage: their own homes; Factory: away from home in factory ECT: Significance of the numbers 17 & 38? Relative life expectancies of rich & poor

The Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution 1) How did the Black Death in 1300s affect the family structure in Europe? It delayed age of marriage to limit population growth-> “extended nuclear family” w/indiv. Nuclear families living close to one another-> They could provide mutual support 2) How did the Industrial Revolution affect family structure? People moved from villages to cities -> Nucl. families more isolated from each other, though often still in same neighborhoods 3)What else was separated by the Industrial Revolution? Work & home 4) What was the company store system? Workers couldn’t afford to pay for its goods -> They bought on credit-> Mounting debt keeping them bound to the company until they paid -> which they never could. 5) What were three types of evidence of rising standard of living by 1900? 1) Longer life expectancy; 2) Real wages had doubled; & 3) Europe’s population had tripled 6) Compare and contrast the cottage Industry and factory systems in terms of Rate of Pay:Cottage: per unit produced; factory: per hour since they could speed up machines Rate of work:Cottage: one’s own; factory: machine’s pace Where they worked:Cottage: their own homes; Factory: away from home in factory ECT: Significance of the numbers 17 & 38? Relative life expectancies of rich & poor ECT: Significance of the figure 94%?

The Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution 1) How did the Black Death in 1300s affect the family structure in Europe? It delayed age of marriage to limit population growth-> “extended nuclear family” w/indiv. Nuclear families living close to one another-> They could provide mutual support 2) How did the Industrial Revolution affect family structure? People moved from villages to cities -> Nucl. families more isolated from each other, though often still in same neighborhoods 3)What else was separated by the Industrial Revolution? Work & home 4) What was the company store system? Workers couldn’t afford to pay for its goods -> They bought on credit-> Mounting debt keeping them bound to the company until they paid -> which they never could. 5) What were three types of evidence of rising standard of living by 1900? 1) Longer life expectancy; 2) Real wages had doubled; & 3) Europe’s population had tripled 6) Compare and contrast the cottage Industry and factory systems in terms of Rate of Pay:Cottage: per unit produced; factory: per hour since they could speed up machines Rate of work:Cottage: one’s own; factory: machine’s pace Where they worked:Cottage: their own homes; Factory: away from home in factory ECT: Significance of the numbers 17 & 38? Relative life expectancies of rich & poor ECT: Significance of the figure 94%? Percent of pop. dying from infectious diseases

The Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution 1) How did the Black Death in 1300s affect the family structure in Europe? It delayed age of marriage to limit population growth-> “extended nuclear family” w/indiv. Nuclear families living close to one another-> They could provide mutual support 2) How did the Industrial Revolution affect family structure? People moved from villages to cities -> Nucl. families more isolated from each other, though often still in same neighborhoods 3)What else was separated by the Industrial Revolution? Work & home 4) What was the company store system? Workers couldn’t afford to pay for its goods -> They bought on credit-> Mounting debt keeping them bound to the company until they paid -> which they never could. 5) What were three types of evidence of rising standard of living by 1900? 1) Longer life expectancy; 2) Real wages had doubled; & 3) Europe’s population had tripled 6) Compare and contrast the cottage Industry and factory systems in terms of Rate of Pay:Cottage: per unit produced; factory: per hour since they could speed up machines Rate of work:Cottage: one’s own; factory: machine’s pace Where they worked:Cottage: their own homes; Factory: away from home in factory ECT: Significance of the numbers 17 & 38? Relative life expectancies of rich & poor ECT: Significance of the figure 94%? Percent of pop. dying from infectious diseases ECT: Who was Robert Owen?

The Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution 1) How did the Black Death in 1300s affect the family structure in Europe? It delayed age of marriage to limit population growth-> “extended nuclear family” w/indiv. Nuclear families living close to one another-> They could provide mutual support 2) How did the Industrial Revolution affect family structure? People moved from villages to cities -> Nucl. families more isolated from each other, though often still in same neighborhoods 3)What else was separated by the Industrial Revolution? Work & home 4) What was the company store system? Workers couldn’t afford to pay for its goods -> They bought on credit-> Mounting debt keeping them bound to the company until they paid -> which they never could. 5) What were three types of evidence of rising standard of living by 1900? 1) Longer life expectancy; 2) Real wages had doubled; & 3) Europe’s population had tripled 6) Compare and contrast the cottage Industry and factory systems in terms of Rate of Pay:Cottage: per unit produced; factory: per hour since they could speed up machines Rate of work:Cottage: one’s own; factory: machine’s pace Where they worked:Cottage: their own homes; Factory: away from home in factory ECT: Significance of the numbers 17 & 38? Relative life expectancies of rich & poor ECT: Significance of the figure 94%? Percent of pop. dying from infectious diseases ECT: Who was Robert Owen? Factory owner who took good care of his workers

FC.113 THE SOCIAL IMPACT OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Dramatic pop. growth Horrible living conditions: Growing problems of crime, alcoholism & drugs Mass migration to urban areas New cities rise up quickly Village network of friends & relatives is replaced by: Nuclear family in city often w/o any outside help Horrible working conditions: Low wages & little job security Dangerous machinery & long days Work separates fam’s from home & each other Polluted air & water & tainted food Longer life expectancy Growing reform movements: Govt. laws to regulate work conditions, public sanitation, etc. Some fact. owners work to provide good housing & work conditions Workers form labor unions to win better work conditions. Rising standard of living by 1900: Real wages double by 1900 Poorly built & crowded housing Industrial Revolution (FC.111) Rapid advances in public health & medicine (FC.117) Rapid advances in public health & medicine (FC.117)

VIDEO QUIZ BOWL!

What were these two types of worker called?

A trapper, about 6 years old, opens a trap door for an older “hurrier” pushing a load of coal up the mine shaft

What was this worker called?

An older child, known as a “getter”, picks out coal in the mines

What was the real caption on this poster?

The sky’s the limit on good ideas. Let’s hear yours.”

The rising status of women during the Industrial Revolution

The rising status of women during the Industrial Revolution How and why did “male” occupations evolve?

The rising status of women during the Industrial Revolution How and why did “male” occupations evolve? IR->Separation of home & work-> Women compete w/men for jobs-> Men tried to exclude women from those jobs as being only for men

The rising status of women during the Industrial Revolution How and why did “male” occupations evolve? IR->Separation of home & work-> Women compete w/men for jobs-> Men tried to exclude women from those jobs as being only for men 2) What class of women was especially involved in raising women’s status and why?

The rising status of women during the Industrial Revolution How and why did “male” occupations evolve? IR->Separation of home & work-> Women compete w/men for jobs-> Men tried to exclude women from those jobs as being only for men 2) What class of women was especially involved in raising women’s status and why? MC because they didn’t need to work-> leisure time to get involved in social causes and do shopping.

The rising status of women during the Industrial Revolution How and why did “male” occupations evolve? IR->Separation of home & work-> Women compete w/men for jobs-> Men tried to exclude women from those jobs as being only for men 2) What class of women was especially involved in raising women’s status and why? MC because they didn’t need to work-> leisure time to get involved in social causes and do shopping. 3) What type of organizations did women first join to help with social causes?

The rising status of women during the Industrial Revolution How and why did “male” occupations evolve? IR->Separation of home & work-> Women compete w/men for jobs-> Men tried to exclude women from those jobs as being only for men 2) What class of women was especially involved in raising women’s status and why? MC because they didn’t need to work-> leisure time to get involved in social causes and do shopping. 3) What type of organizations did women first join to help with social causes? Religious

The rising status of women during the Industrial Revolution How and why did “male” occupations evolve? IR->Separation of home & work-> Women compete w/men for jobs-> Men tried to exclude women from those jobs as being only for men 2) What class of women was especially involved in raising women’s status and why? MC because they didn’t need to work-> leisure time to get involved in social causes and do shopping. 3) What type of organizations did women first join to help with social causes? Religious 4) How did shopping raise women’s status?

The rising status of women during the Industrial Revolution How and why did “male” occupations evolve? IR->Separation of home & work-> Women compete w/men for jobs-> Men tried to exclude women from those jobs as being only for men 2) What class of women was especially involved in raising women’s status and why? MC because they didn’t need to work-> leisure time to get involved in social causes and do shopping. 3) What type of organizations did women first join to help with social causes? Religious 4) How did shopping raise women’s status? Ads were aimed at them showing them being involved in all sorts of previously forbidden activities <-> Encouraged them to be more active

The rising status of women during the Industrial Revolution How and why did “male” occupations evolve? IR->Separation of home & work-> Women compete w/men for jobs-> Men tried to exclude women from those jobs as being only for men 2) What class of women was especially involved in raising women’s status and why? MC because they didn’t need to work-> leisure time to get involved in social causes and do shopping. 3) What type of organizations did women first join to help with social causes? Religious 4) How did shopping raise women’s status? Ads were aimed at them showing them being involved in all sorts of previously forbidden activities <-> Encouraged them to be more active 5) Three categories of activities women got more involved in?

The rising status of women during the Industrial Revolution How and why did “male” occupations evolve? IR->Separation of home & work-> Women compete w/men for jobs-> Men tried to exclude women from those jobs as being only for men 2) What class of women was especially involved in raising women’s status and why? MC because they didn’t need to work-> leisure time to get involved in social causes and do shopping. 3) What type of organizations did women first join to help with social causes? Religious 4) How did shopping raise women’s status? Ads were aimed at them showing them being involved in all sorts of previously forbidden activities <-> Encouraged them to be more active 5) Three categories of activities women got more involved in? Education, work, sports & leisure

The rising status of women during the Industrial Revolution How and why did “male” occupations evolve? IR->Separation of home & work-> Women compete w/men for jobs-> Men tried to exclude women from those jobs as being only for men 2) What class of women was especially involved in raising women’s status and why? MC because they didn’t need to work-> leisure time to get involved in social causes and do shopping. 3) What type of organizations did women first join to help with social causes? Religious 4) How did shopping raise women’s status? Ads were aimed at them showing them being involved in all sorts of previously forbidden activities <-> Encouraged them to be more active 5) Three categories of activities women got more involved in? Education, work, sports & leisure ECT: What invention helped women to become secretaries and how?

The rising status of women during the Industrial Revolution How and why did “male” occupations evolve? IR->Separation of home & work-> Women compete w/men for jobs-> Men tried to exclude women from those jobs as being only for men 2) What class of women was especially involved in raising women’s status and why? MC because they didn’t need to work-> leisure time to get involved in social causes and do shopping. 3) What type of organizations did women first join to help with social causes? Religious 4) How did shopping raise women’s status? Ads were aimed at them showing them being involved in all sorts of previously forbidden activities <-> Encouraged them to be more active 5) Three categories of activities women got more involved in? Education, work, sports & leisure ECT: What invention helped women to become secretaries and how? Typewriter for their smaller hands

The rising status of women during the Industrial Revolution How and why did “male” occupations evolve? IR->Separation of home & work-> Women compete w/men for jobs-> Men tried to exclude women from those jobs as being only for men 2) What class of women was especially involved in raising women’s status and why? MC because they didn’t need to work-> leisure time to get involved in social causes and do shopping. 3) What type of organizations did women first join to help with social causes? Religious 4) How did shopping raise women’s status? Ads were aimed at them showing them being involved in all sorts of previously forbidden activities <-> Encouraged them to be more active 5) Three categories of activities women got more involved in? Education, work, sports & leisure ECT: What invention helped women to become secretaries and how? Typewriter for their smaller hands ECT: How & why did the economic status of children change during IR?

The rising status of women during the Industrial Revolution How and why did “male” occupations evolve? IR->Separation of home & work-> Women compete w/men for jobs-> Men tried to exclude women from those jobs as being only for men 2) What class of women was especially involved in raising women’s status and why? MC because they didn’t need to work-> leisure time to get involved in social causes and do shopping. 3) What type of organizations did women first join to help with social causes? Religious 4) How did shopping raise women’s status? Ads were aimed at them showing them being involved in all sorts of previously forbidden activities <-> Encouraged them to be more active 5) Three categories of activities women got more involved in? Education, work, sports & leisure ECT: What invention helped women to become secretaries and how? Typewriter for their smaller hands ECT: How & why did the economic status of children change during IR? They went from being economic assets who could work on farm or in factories to econ. liabilities who had to be supported while they went to school

The rising status of women during the Industrial Revolution How and why did “male” occupations evolve? IR->Separation of home & work-> Women compete w/men for jobs-> Men tried to exclude women from those jobs as being only for men 2) What class of women was especially involved in raising women’s status and why? MC because they didn’t need to work-> leisure time to get involved in social causes and do shopping. 3) What type of organizations did women first join to help with social causes? Religious 4) How did shopping raise women’s status? Ads were aimed at them showing them being involved in all sorts of previously forbidden activities <-> Encouraged them to be more active 5) Three categories of activities women got more involved in? Education, work, sports & leisure ECT: What invention helped women to become secretaries and how? Typewriter for their smaller hands ECT: How & why did the economic status of children change during IR? They went from being economic assets who could work on farm or in factories to econ. liabilities who had to be supported while they went to school ECT: What did Queen Victoria call the women’s suffrage movement?

The rising status of women during the Industrial Revolution How and why did “male” occupations evolve? IR->Separation of home & work-> Women compete w/men for jobs-> Men tried to exclude women from those jobs as being only for men 2) What class of women was especially involved in raising women’s status and why? MC because they didn’t need to work-> leisure time to get involved in social causes and do shopping. 3) What type of organizations did women first join to help with social causes? Religious 4) How did shopping raise women’s status? Ads were aimed at them showing them being involved in all sorts of previously forbidden activities <-> Encouraged them to be more active 5) Three categories of activities women got more involved in? Education, work, sports & leisure ECT: What invention helped women to become secretaries and how? Typewriter for their smaller hands ECT: How & why did the economic status of children change during IR? They went from being economic assets who could work on farm or in factories to econ. liabilities who had to be supported while they went to school ECT: What did Queen Victoria call the women’s suffrage movement? “mad wicked folly”

The rising status of women during the Industrial Revolution How and why did “male” occupations evolve? IR->Separation of home & work-> Women compete w/men for jobs-> Men tried to exclude women from those jobs as being only for men 2) What class of women was especially involved in raising women’s status and why? MC because they didn’t need to work-> leisure time to get involved in social causes and do shopping. 3) What type of organizations did women first join to help with social causes? Religious 4) How did shopping raise women’s status? Ads were aimed at them showing them being involved in all sorts of previously forbidden activities <-> Encouraged them to be more active 5) Three categories of activities women got more involved in? Education, work, sports & leisure ECT: What invention helped women to become secretaries and how? Typewriter for their smaller hands ECT: How & why did the economic status of children change during IR? They went from being economic assets who could work on farm or in factories to econ. liabilities who had to be supported while they went to school ECT: What did Queen Victoria call the women’s suffrage movement? “mad wicked folly” ECT: What did radical suffragettes put into mail boxes?

The rising status of women during the Industrial Revolution How and why did “male” occupations evolve? IR->Separation of home & work-> Women compete w/men for jobs-> Men tried to exclude women from those jobs as being only for men 2) What class of women was especially involved in raising women’s status and why? MC because they didn’t need to work-> leisure time to get involved in social causes and do shopping. 3) What type of organizations did women first join to help with social causes? Religious 4) How did shopping raise women’s status? Ads were aimed at them showing them being involved in all sorts of previously forbidden activities <-> Encouraged them to be more active 5) Three categories of activities women got more involved in? Education, work, sports & leisure ECT: What invention helped women to become secretaries and how? Typewriter for their smaller hands ECT: How & why did the economic status of children change during IR? They went from being economic assets who could work on farm or in factories to econ. liabilities who had to be supported while they went to school ECT: What did Queen Victoria call the women’s suffrage movement? “mad wicked folly” ECT: What did radical suffragettes put into mail boxes? Bombs

The rising status of women during the Industrial Revolution How and why did “male” occupations evolve? IR->Separation of home & work-> Women compete w/men for jobs-> Men tried to exclude women from those jobs as being only for men 2) What class of women was especially involved in raising women’s status and why? MC because they didn’t need to work-> leisure time to get involved in social causes and do shopping. 3) What type of organizations did women first join to help with social causes? Religious 4) How did shopping raise women’s status? Ads were aimed at them showing them being involved in all sorts of previously forbidden activities <-> Encouraged them to be more active 5) Three categories of activities women got more involved in? Education, work, sports & leisure ECT: What invention helped women to become secretaries and how? Typewriter for their smaller hands ECT: How & why did the economic status of children change during IR? They went from being economic assets who could work on farm or in factories to econ. liabilities who had to be supported while they went to school ECT: What did Queen Victoria call the women’s suffrage movement? “mad wicked folly” ECT: What did radical suffragettes put into mail boxes? Bombs ECT: What belief could cost a woman custody of her children?

The rising status of women during the Industrial Revolution How and why did “male” occupations evolve? IR->Separation of home & work-> Women compete w/men for jobs-> Men tried to exclude women from those jobs as being only for men 2) What class of women was especially involved in raising women’s status and why? MC because they didn’t need to work-> leisure time to get involved in social causes and do shopping. 3) What type of organizations did women first join to help with social causes? Religious 4) How did shopping raise women’s status? Ads were aimed at them showing them being involved in all sorts of previously forbidden activities <-> Encouraged them to be more active 5) Three categories of activities women got more involved in? Education, work, sports & leisure ECT: What invention helped women to become secretaries and how? Typewriter for their smaller hands ECT: How & why did the economic status of children change during IR? They went from being economic assets who could work on farm or in factories to econ. liabilities who had to be supported while they went to school ECT: What did Queen Victoria call the women’s suffrage movement? “mad wicked folly” ECT: What did radical suffragettes put into mail boxes? Bombs ECT: What belief could cost a woman custody of her children? Birth control

The rising status of women during the Industrial Revolution How and why did “male” occupations evolve? IR->Separation of home & work-> Women compete w/men for jobs-> Men tried to exclude women from those jobs as being only for men 2) What class of women was especially involved in raising women’s status and why? MC because they didn’t need to work-> leisure time to get involved in social causes and do shopping. 3) What type of organizations did women first join to help with social causes? Religious 4) How did shopping raise women’s status? Ads were aimed at them showing them being involved in all sorts of previously forbidden activities <-> Encouraged them to be more active 5) Three categories of activities women got more involved in? Education, work, sports & leisure ECT: What invention helped women to become secretaries and how? Typewriter for their smaller hands ECT: How & why did the economic status of children change during IR? They went from being economic assets who could work on farm or in factories to econ. liabilities who had to be supported while they went to school ECT: What did Queen Victoria call the women’s suffrage movement? “mad wicked folly” ECT: What did radical suffragettes put into mail boxes? Bombs ECT: What belief could cost a woman custody of her children? Birth control ECT: How did one suffragette advertise her cause at the horse races?

The rising status of women during the Industrial Revolution How and why did “male” occupations evolve? IR->Separation of home & work-> Women compete w/men for jobs-> Men tried to exclude women from those jobs as being only for men 2) What class of women was especially involved in raising women’s status and why? MC because they didn’t need to work-> leisure time to get involved in social causes and do shopping. 3) What type of organizations did women first join to help with social causes? Religious 4) How did shopping raise women’s status? Ads were aimed at them showing them being involved in all sorts of previously forbidden activities <-> Encouraged them to be more active 5) Three categories of activities women got more involved in? Education, work, sports & leisure ECT: What invention helped women to become secretaries and how? Typewriter for their smaller hands ECT: How & why did the economic status of children change during IR? They went from being economic assets who could work on farm or in factories to econ. liabilities who had to be supported while they went to school ECT: What did Queen Victoria call the women’s suffrage movement? “mad wicked folly” ECT: What did radical suffragettes put into mail boxes? Bombs ECT: What belief could cost a woman custody of her children? Birth control ECT: How did one suffragette advertise her cause at the horse races? Threw herself in front of the king’s horse.

6) How did WWI affect women’s suffrage?

6) How did WWI affect women’s suffrage? They filled many of the men’s jobs while they were away to war-> gained more econ. indep. & respect

6) How did WWI affect women’s suffrage? They filled many of the men’s jobs while they were away to war-> gained more econ. indep. & respect ECT: Who was Margaret Sanger?

6) How did WWI affect women’s suffrage? They filled many of the men’s jobs while they were away to war-> gained more econ. indep. & respect ECT: Who was Margaret Sanger? Crusader for birth control until the final creation of the birth control pill in 1960.

6) How did WWI affect women’s suffrage? They filled many of the men’s jobs while they were away to war-> gained more econ. indep. & respect ECT: Who was Margaret Sanger? Crusader for birth control until the final creation of the birth control pill in 1960. ECT: What was the Seneca Falls Conference?

6) How did WWI affect women’s suffrage? They filled many of the men’s jobs while they were away to war-> gained more econ. indep. & respect ECT: Who was Margaret Sanger? Crusader for birth control until the final creation of the birth control pill in 1960. ECT: What was the Seneca Falls Conference? Meeting that began Amer. Suffrage movement in 1848;

6) How did WWI affect women’s suffrage? They filled many of the men’s jobs while they were away to war-> gained more econ. indep. & respect ECT: Who was Margaret Sanger? Crusader for birth control until the final creation of the birth control pill in 1960. ECT: What was the Seneca Falls Conference? Meeting that began Amer. Suffrage movement in 1848; ECT: Who attended?

6) How did WWI affect women’s suffrage? They filled many of the men’s jobs while they were away to war-> gained more econ. indep. & respect ECT: Who was Margaret Sanger? Crusader for birth control until the final creation of the birth control pill in 1960. ECT: What was the Seneca Falls Conference? Meeting that began Amer. Suffrage movement in 1848; ECT: Who attended? 5 women, including 3 Quakers

FC. 114 THE WOMEN’S MOVEMENT I (c.1800-1920) MC women at home do the shopping Targeted by advertisers MC women at home w/ leisure timeCan get involved in charitable causes More soc. mobility w/sports & less confining fashions Women’s growing visibility & status Growing support for women’s rights More women in “female” jobs as teachers, secr’s, etc. Women’s efforts in other causesRealize they can fight for their own rt’s: Women pursue univ. educ’s Women compete w/men for jobs Many women pushed out of “male” occupations Suffrage movement to get the vote Traditional gender roles Strong resistance to change (FC.6) Late medieval women’s relatively higher status (FC.71B) Late medieval women’s relatively higher status (FC.71B) Ind. Rev Mech. Prod. Less need for men’s greater physical strength (FC.111) Separation of home & work (FC.113) More labor saving devices & birth of consumer society (FC.117) Women involved in Fr. Rev. Hopes for their own rts. (FC.105) Liberalism  Should also apply for women (FC.108) World War I  Women more essential to econ. (FC.127) World War I  Women more essential to econ. (FC.127) Women win vote in many developed countries by 1925, but continue to struggle through 1900s for econ. & soc. equality (FC.148A)

Marxism

Marxism 1) List Marx's 5 stages of history?

Marxism 1) List Marx's 5 stages of history? Hunting & gathering, slave, feudal, capitalist, & socialist

Marxism 1) List Marx's 5 stages of history? Hunting & gathering, slave, feudal, capitalist, & socialist 2) What characterized slave, feudal, & capitalist societies?

Marxism 1) List Marx's 5 stages of history? Hunting & gathering, slave, feudal, capitalist, & socialist 2) What characterized slave, feudal, & capitalist societies? Class conflict

Marxism 1) List Marx's 5 stages of history? Hunting & gathering, slave, feudal, capitalist, & socialist 2) What characterized slave, feudal, & capitalist societies? Class conflict 3) What was the Labor Theory of Value?

Marxism 1) List Marx's 5 stages of history? Hunting & gathering, slave, feudal, capitalist, & socialist 2) What characterized slave, feudal, & capitalist societies? Class conflict 3) What was the Labor Theory of Value? Idea that a product’s value only equals what the workers were paid to make it

Marxism 1) List Marx's 5 stages of history? Hunting & gathering, slave, feudal, capitalist, & socialist 2) What characterized slave, feudal, & capitalist societies? Class conflict 3) What was the Labor Theory of Value? Idea that a product’s value only equals what the workers were paid to make it 4) What did Marx call profits made beyond cost of labor?

Marxism 1) List Marx's 5 stages of history? Hunting & gathering, slave, feudal, capitalist, & socialist 2) What characterized slave, feudal, & capitalist societies? Class conflict 3) What was the Labor Theory of Value? Idea that a product’s value only equals what the workers were paid to make it 4) What did Marx call profits made beyond cost of labor? Surplus Value

Marxism 1) List Marx's 5 stages of history? Hunting & gathering, slave, feudal, capitalist, & socialist 2) What characterized slave, feudal, & capitalist societies? Class conflict 3) What was the Labor Theory of Value? Idea that a product’s value only equals what the workers were paid to make it 4) What did Marx call profits made beyond cost of labor? Surplus Value 5) Recurring cycle Marx said would destroy capitalism?

Marxism 1) List Marx's 5 stages of history? Hunting & gathering, slave, feudal, capitalist, & socialist 2) What characterized slave, feudal, & capitalist societies? Class conflict 3) What was the Labor Theory of Value? Idea that a product’s value only equals what the workers were paid to make it 4) What did Marx call profits made beyond cost of labor? Surplus Value 5) Recurring cycle Marx said would destroy capitalism? Some owners survive while others don’t Increasingly smaller class of owners who individually are much richer To stay competitive, they invest in more efficient, but expensive machinery Must layoff workers

Marxism 1) List Marx's 5 stages of history? Hunting & gathering, slave, feudal, capitalist, & socialist 2) What characterized slave, feudal, & capitalist societies? Class conflict 3) What was the Labor Theory of Value? Idea that a product’s value only equals what the workers were paid to make it 4) What did Marx call profits made beyond cost of labor? Surplus Value 5) Recurring cycle Marx said would destroy capitalism? 6) Eventually what would this cycle lead to? Some owners survive while others don’t Increasingly smaller class of owners who individually are much richer To stay competitive, they invest in more efficient, but expensive machinery Must layoff workers

Marxism 1) List Marx's 5 stages of history? Hunting & gathering, slave, feudal, capitalist, & socialist 2) What characterized slave, feudal, & capitalist societies? Class conflict 3) What was the Labor Theory of Value? Idea that a product’s value only equals what the workers were paid to make it 4) What did Marx call profits made beyond cost of labor? Surplus Value 5) Recurring cycle Marx said would destroy capitalism? 6) Eventually what would this cycle lead to? Workers’ revolution Some owners survive while others don’t Increasingly smaller class of owners who individually are much richer To stay competitive, they invest in more efficient, but expensive machinery Must layoff workers

Marxism 1) List Marx's 5 stages of history? Hunting & gathering, slave, feudal, capitalist, & socialist 2) What characterized slave, feudal, & capitalist societies? Class conflict 3) What was the Labor Theory of Value? Idea that a product’s value only equals what the workers were paid to make it 4) What did Marx call profits made beyond cost of labor? Surplus Value 5) Recurring cycle Marx said would destroy capitalism? 6) Eventually what would this cycle lead to? Workers’ revolution 7) Describe the society Marx said would emerge from the workers' revolution. Some owners survive while others don’t Increasingly smaller class of owners who individually are much richer To stay competitive, they invest in more efficient, but expensive machinery Must layoff workers

Marxism 1) List Marx's 5 stages of history? Hunting & gathering, slave, feudal, capitalist, & socialist 2) What characterized slave, feudal, & capitalist societies? Class conflict 3) What was the Labor Theory of Value? Idea that a product’s value only equals what the workers were paid to make it 4) What did Marx call profits made beyond cost of labor? Surplus Value 5) Recurring cycle Marx said would destroy capitalism? 6) Eventually what would this cycle lead to? Workers’ revolution 7) Describe the society Marx said would emerge from the workers' revolution. No private property-> no conflict-> No need for government, family, or religion? Some owners survive while others don’t Increasingly smaller class of owners who individually are much richer To stay competitive, they invest in more efficient, but expensive machinery Must layoff workers

Marxism 1) List Marx's 5 stages of history? Hunting & gathering, slave, feudal, capitalist, & socialist 2) What characterized slave, feudal, & capitalist societies? Class conflict 3) What was the Labor Theory of Value? Idea that a product’s value only equals what the workers were paid to make it 4) What did Marx call profits made beyond cost of labor? Surplus Value 5) Recurring cycle Marx said would destroy capitalism? 6) Eventually what would this cycle lead to? Workers’ revolution 7) Describe the society Marx said would emerge from the workers' revolution. No private property-> no conflict-> No need for government, family, or religion? 8) How was Marx right? Some owners survive while others don’t Increasingly smaller class of owners who individually are much richer To stay competitive, they invest in more efficient, but expensive machinery Must layoff workers

Marxism 1) List Marx's 5 stages of history? Hunting & gathering, slave, feudal, capitalist, & socialist 2) What characterized slave, feudal, & capitalist societies? Class conflict 3) What was the Labor Theory of Value? Idea that a product’s value only equals what the workers were paid to make it 4) What did Marx call profits made beyond cost of labor? Surplus Value 5) Recurring cycle Marx said would destroy capitalism? 6) Eventually what would this cycle lead to? Workers’ revolution 7) Describe the society Marx said would emerge from the workers' revolution. No private property-> no conflict-> No need for government, family, or religion? 8) How was Marx right? Pointed out the importance of economics & class struggle in history Some owners survive while others don’t Increasingly smaller class of owners who individually are much richer To stay competitive, they invest in more efficient, but expensive machinery Must layoff workers

Marxism 1) List Marx's 5 stages of history? Hunting & gathering, slave, feudal, capitalist, & socialist 2) What characterized slave, feudal, & capitalist societies? Class conflict 3) What was the Labor Theory of Value? Idea that a product’s value only equals what the workers were paid to make it 4) What did Marx call profits made beyond cost of labor? Surplus Value 5) Recurring cycle Marx said would destroy capitalism? 6) Eventually what would this cycle lead to? Workers’ revolution 7) Describe the society Marx said would emerge from the workers' revolution. No private property-> no conflict-> No need for government, family, or religion? 8) How was Marx right? Pointed out the importance of economics & class struggle in history 9) How was Marx wrong? Some owners survive while others don’t Increasingly smaller class of owners who individually are much richer To stay competitive, they invest in more efficient, but expensive machinery Must layoff workers

Marxism 1) List Marx's 5 stages of history? Hunting & gathering, slave, feudal, capitalist, & socialist 2) What characterized slave, feudal, & capitalist societies? Class conflict 3) What was the Labor Theory of Value? Idea that a product’s value only equals what the workers were paid to make it 4) What did Marx call profits made beyond cost of labor? Surplus Value 5) Recurring cycle Marx said would destroy capitalism? 6) Eventually what would this cycle lead to? Workers’ revolution 7) Describe the society Marx said would emerge from the workers' revolution. No private property-> no conflict-> No need for government, family, or religion? 8) How was Marx right? Pointed out the importance of economics & class struggle in history 9) How was Marx wrong? He failed to take into account human nature & he predicted his rev’s would occur in industrial societies Some owners survive while others don’t Increasingly smaller class of owners who individually are much richer To stay competitive, they invest in more efficient, but expensive machinery Must layoff workers

Marxism 1) List Marx's 5 stages of history? Hunting & gathering, slave, feudal, capitalist, & socialist 2) What characterized slave, feudal, & capitalist societies? Class conflict 3) What was the Labor Theory of Value? Idea that a product’s value only equals what the workers were paid to make it 4) What did Marx call profits made beyond cost of labor? Surplus Value 5) Recurring cycle Marx said would destroy capitalism? 6) Eventually what would this cycle lead to? Workers’ revolution 7) Describe the society Marx said would emerge from the workers' revolution. No private property-> no conflict-> No need for government, family, or religion? 8) How was Marx right? Pointed out the importance of economics & class struggle in history 9) How was Marx wrong? He failed to take into account human nature & he predicted his rev’s would occur in industrial societies 10) Term for idea that the prime moving force in history is economics? Some owners survive while others don’t Increasingly smaller class of owners who individually are much richer To stay competitive, they invest in more efficient, but expensive machinery Must layoff workers

Marxism 1) List Marx's 5 stages of history? Hunting & gathering, slave, feudal, capitalist, & socialist 2) What characterized slave, feudal, & capitalist societies? Class conflict 3) What was the Labor Theory of Value? Idea that a product’s value only equals what the workers were paid to make it 4) What did Marx call profits made beyond cost of labor? Surplus Value 5) Recurring cycle Marx said would destroy capitalism? 6) Eventually what would this cycle lead to? Workers’ revolution 7) Describe the society Marx said would emerge from the workers' revolution. No private property-> no conflict-> No need for government, family, or religion? 8) How was Marx right? Pointed out the importance of economics & class struggle in history 9) How was Marx wrong? He failed to take into account human nature & he predicted his rev’s would occur in industrial societies 10) Term for idea that the prime moving force in history is economics? Economic determinism Some owners survive while others don’t Increasingly smaller class of owners who individually are much richer To stay competitive, they invest in more efficient, but expensive machinery Must layoff workers

Spread of the Industrial Revolution to Europe and the United States (c.1850-1914)

Spread of the Industrial Revolution to Europe and the United States (c.1850-1914) 1) What was the Great Exhibition?

Spread of the Industrial Revolution to Europe and the United States (c.1850-1914) 1) What was the Great Exhibition? Exhibition showing off Britain’s industrial achievements

Spread of the Industrial Revolution to Europe and the United States (c.1850-1914) 1) What was the Great Exhibition? Exhibition showing off Britain’s industrial achievements 2) What factors kept Britain the only industrial nation before 1850?

Spread of the Industrial Revolution to Europe and the United States (c.1850-1914) 1) What was the Great Exhibition? Exhibition showing off Britain’s industrial achievements 2) What factors kept Britain the only industrial nation before 1850? Econ. disunity & Internal tolls & in fragmented countries (e.g., Ger. & Italy) Br. industries far ahead of rest of the world because: Coal & iron resources in other countries isolated from each other Resistance to Ind. Rev. in countries seeing squalor of Br. cities Br. tries to keep their tech. from spreading beyond Britain Competition from Br. drains needed money from other countries

Spread of the Industrial Revolution to Europe and the United States (c.1850-1914) 1) What was the Great Exhibition? Exhibition showing off Britain’s industrial achievements 2) What factors kept Britain the only industrial nation before 1850? 3) What factors caused Europe and the United States to industrialize? Econ. disunity & Internal tolls & in fragmented countries (e.g., Ger. & Italy) Br. industries far ahead of rest of the world because: Coal & iron resources in other countries isolated from each other Resistance to Ind. Rev. in countries seeing squalor of Br. cities Br. tries to keep their tech. from spreading beyond Britain Competition from Br. drains needed money from other countries

Spread of the Industrial Revolution to Europe and the United States (c.1850-1914) 1) What was the Great Exhibition? Exhibition showing off Britain’s industrial achievements 2) What factors kept Britain the only industrial nation before 1850? 3) What factors caused Europe and the United States to industrialize? Geog. proximity to Br. exposes Eur. & U.S. to Br. tech. Industrial Revolution spreads to W. Eur. & U.S. because: Br. invests in cheaper for. ind’s & RR’s Common culture, esp. tech, of W. Eur. & U.S. to Br. Br. tech. leaks out to other countries W. Eur. & U.S. must compete vs. cheaper Br. goods Econ. disunity & Internal tolls & in fragmented countries (e.g., Ger. & Italy) Br. industries far ahead of rest of the world because: Coal & iron resources in other countries isolated from each other Resistance to Ind. Rev. in countries seeing squalor of Br. cities Br. tries to keep their tech. from spreading beyond Britain Competition from Br. drains needed money from other countries

Spread of the Industrial Revolution to Europe and the United States (c.1850-1914) 1) What was the Great Exhibition? Exhibition showing off Britain’s industrial achievements 2) What factors kept Britain the only industrial nation before 1850? 3) What factors caused Europe and the United States to industrialize? 4) Typically, what was the first step in industrialization & why? Geog. proximity to Br. exposes Eur. & U.S. to Br. tech. Industrial Revolution spreads to W. Eur. & U.S. because: Br. invests in cheaper for. ind’s & RR’s Common culture, esp. tech, of W. Eur. & U.S. to Br. Br. tech. leaks out to other countries W. Eur. & U.S. must compete vs. cheaper Br. goods Econ. disunity & Internal tolls & in fragmented countries (e.g., Ger. & Italy) Br. industries far ahead of rest of the world because: Coal & iron resources in other countries isolated from each other Resistance to Ind. Rev. in countries seeing squalor of Br. cities Br. tries to keep their tech. from spreading beyond Britain Competition from Br. drains needed money from other countries

Spread of the Industrial Revolution to Europe and the United States (c.1850-1914) 1) What was the Great Exhibition? Exhibition showing off Britain’s industrial achievements 2) What factors kept Britain the only industrial nation before 1850? 3) What factors caused Europe and the United States to industrialize? 4) Typically, what was the first step in industrialization & why? Build RRs to connect resources, factories & markets Geog. proximity to Br. exposes Eur. & U.S. to Br. tech. Industrial Revolution spreads to W. Eur. & U.S. because: Br. invests in cheaper for. ind’s & RR’s Common culture, esp. tech, of W. Eur. & U.S. to Br. Br. tech. leaks out to other countries W. Eur. & U.S. must compete vs. cheaper Br. goods Econ. disunity & Internal tolls & in fragmented countries (e.g., Ger. & Italy) Br. industries far ahead of rest of the world because: Coal & iron resources in other countries isolated from each other Resistance to Ind. Rev. in countries seeing squalor of Br. cities Br. tries to keep their tech. from spreading beyond Britain Competition from Br. drains needed money from other countries

Spread of the Industrial Revolution to Europe and the United States (c.1850-1914) 1) What was the Great Exhibition? Exhibition showing off Britain’s industrial achievements 2) What factors kept Britain the only industrial nation before 1850? 3) What factors caused Europe and the United States to industrialize? 4) Typically, what was the first step in industrialization & why? Build RRs to connect resources, factories & markets 5) The first non-Western nation to industrialize & why? Geog. proximity to Br. exposes Eur. & U.S. to Br. tech. Industrial Revolution spreads to W. Eur. & U.S. because: Br. invests in cheaper for. ind’s & RR’s Common culture, esp. tech, of W. Eur. & U.S. to Br. Br. tech. leaks out to other countries W. Eur. & U.S. must compete vs. cheaper Br. goods Econ. disunity & Internal tolls & in fragmented countries (e.g., Ger. & Italy) Br. industries far ahead of rest of the world because: Coal & iron resources in other countries isolated from each other Resistance to Ind. Rev. in countries seeing squalor of Br. cities Br. tries to keep their tech. from spreading beyond Britain Competition from Br. drains needed money from other countries

Spread of the Industrial Revolution to Europe and the United States (c.1850-1914) 1) What was the Great Exhibition? Exhibition showing off Britain’s industrial achievements 2) What factors kept Britain the only industrial nation before 1850? 3) What factors caused Europe and the United States to industrialize? 4) Typically, what was the first step in industrialization & why? Build RRs to connect resources, factories & markets 5) The first non-Western nation to industrialize & why? Japan because US forced it to trade Geog. proximity to Br. exposes Eur. & U.S. to Br. tech. Industrial Revolution spreads to W. Eur. & U.S. because: Br. invests in cheaper for. ind’s & RR’s Common culture, esp. tech, of W. Eur. & U.S. to Br. Br. tech. leaks out to other countries W. Eur. & U.S. must compete vs. cheaper Br. goods Econ. disunity & Internal tolls & in fragmented countries (e.g., Ger. & Italy) Br. industries far ahead of rest of the world because: Coal & iron resources in other countries isolated from each other Resistance to Ind. Rev. in countries seeing squalor of Br. cities Br. tries to keep their tech. from spreading beyond Britain Competition from Br. drains needed money from other countries

Spread of the Industrial Revolution to Europe and the United States (c.1850-1914) 1) What was the Great Exhibition? Exhibition showing off Britain’s industrial achievements 2) What factors kept Britain the only industrial nation before 1850? 3) What factors caused Europe and the United States to industrialize? 4) Typically, what was the first step in industrialization & why? Build RRs to connect resources, factories & markets 5) The first non-Western nation to industrialize & why? Japan because US forced it to trade 6) Long range political impact of the spread of industrialization? Geog. proximity to Br. exposes Eur. & U.S. to Br. tech. Industrial Revolution spreads to W. Eur. & U.S. because: Br. invests in cheaper for. ind’s & RR’s Common culture, esp. tech, of W. Eur. & U.S. to Br. Br. tech. leaks out to other countries W. Eur. & U.S. must compete vs. cheaper Br. goods Econ. disunity & Internal tolls & in fragmented countries (e.g., Ger. & Italy) Br. industries far ahead of rest of the world because: Coal & iron resources in other countries isolated from each other Resistance to Ind. Rev. in countries seeing squalor of Br. cities Br. tries to keep their tech. from spreading beyond Britain Competition from Br. drains needed money from other countries

Spread of the Industrial Revolution to Europe and the United States (c.1850-1914) 1) What was the Great Exhibition? Exhibition showing off Britain’s industrial achievements 2) What factors kept Britain the only industrial nation before 1850? 3) What factors caused Europe and the United States to industrialize? 4) Typically, what was the first step in industrialization & why? Build RRs to connect resources, factories & markets 5) The first non-Western nation to industrialize & why? Japan because US forced it to trade 6) Long range political impact of the spread of industrialization? Competition for markets-> colonize Africa & Asia-> WWI when there were no more places to conquer Geog. proximity to Br. exposes Eur. & U.S. to Br. tech. Industrial Revolution spreads to W. Eur. & U.S. because: Br. invests in cheaper for. ind’s & RR’s Common culture, esp. tech, of W. Eur. & U.S. to Br. Br. tech. leaks out to other countries W. Eur. & U.S. must compete vs. cheaper Br. goods Econ. disunity & Internal tolls & in fragmented countries (e.g., Ger. & Italy) Br. industries far ahead of rest of the world because: Coal & iron resources in other countries isolated from each other Resistance to Ind. Rev. in countries seeing squalor of Br. cities Br. tries to keep their tech. from spreading beyond Britain Competition from Br. drains needed money from other countries

Spread of the Industrial Revolution to Europe and the United States (c.1850-1914) 1) What was the Great Exhibition? Exhibition showing off Britain’s industrial achievements 2) What factors kept Britain the only industrial nation before 1850? 3) What factors caused Europe and the United States to industrialize? 4) Typically, what was the first step in industrialization & why? Build RRs to connect resources, factories & markets 5) The first non-Western nation to industrialize & why? Japan because US forced it to trade 6) Long range political impact of the spread of industrialization? Competition for markets-> colonize Africa & Asia-> WWI when there were no more places to conquer ECT: Who was Baron von Hausseman Geog. proximity to Br. exposes Eur. & U.S. to Br. tech. Industrial Revolution spreads to W. Eur. & U.S. because: Br. invests in cheaper for. ind’s & RR’s Common culture, esp. tech, of W. Eur. & U.S. to Br. Br. tech. leaks out to other countries W. Eur. & U.S. must compete vs. cheaper Br. goods Econ. disunity & Internal tolls & in fragmented countries (e.g., Ger. & Italy) Br. industries far ahead of rest of the world because: Coal & iron resources in other countries isolated from each other Resistance to Ind. Rev. in countries seeing squalor of Br. cities Br. tries to keep their tech. from spreading beyond Britain Competition from Br. drains needed money from other countries

Spread of the Industrial Revolution to Europe and the United States (c.1850-1914) 1) What was the Great Exhibition? Exhibition showing off Britain’s industrial achievements 2) What factors kept Britain the only industrial nation before 1850? 3) What factors caused Europe and the United States to industrialize? 4) Typically, what was the first step in industrialization & why? Build RRs to connect resources, factories & markets 5) The first non-Western nation to industrialize & why? Japan because US forced it to trade 6) Long range political impact of the spread of industrialization? Competition for markets-> colonize Africa & Asia-> WWI when there were no more places to conquer ECT: Who was Baron von Hausseman The man in charge of Nap III’s renovation of Paris Geog. proximity to Br. exposes Eur. & U.S. to Br. tech. Industrial Revolution spreads to W. Eur. & U.S. because: Br. invests in cheaper for. ind’s & RR’s Common culture, esp. tech, of W. Eur. & U.S. to Br. Br. tech. leaks out to other countries W. Eur. & U.S. must compete vs. cheaper Br. goods Econ. disunity & Internal tolls & in fragmented countries (e.g., Ger. & Italy) Br. industries far ahead of rest of the world because: Coal & iron resources in other countries isolated from each other Resistance to Ind. Rev. in countries seeing squalor of Br. cities Br. tries to keep their tech. from spreading beyond Britain Competition from Br. drains needed money from other countries

Spread of the Industrial Revolution to Europe and the United States (c.1850-1914) 1) What was the Great Exhibition? Exhibition showing off Britain’s industrial achievements 2) What factors kept Britain the only industrial nation before 1850? 3) What factors caused Europe and the United States to industrialize? 4) Typically, what was the first step in industrialization & why? Build RRs to connect resources, factories & markets 5) The first non-Western nation to industrialize & why? Japan because US forced it to trade 6) Long range political impact of the spread of industrialization? Competition for markets-> colonize Africa & Asia-> WWI when there were no more places to conquer ECT: Who was Baron von Hausseman The man in charge of Nap III’s renovation of Paris ECT: What did the Parisians call him? Geog. proximity to Br. exposes Eur. & U.S. to Br. tech. Industrial Revolution spreads to W. Eur. & U.S. because: Br. invests in cheaper for. ind’s & RR’s Common culture, esp. tech, of W. Eur. & U.S. to Br. Br. tech. leaks out to other countries W. Eur. & U.S. must compete vs. cheaper Br. goods Econ. disunity & Internal tolls & in fragmented countries (e.g., Ger. & Italy) Br. industries far ahead of rest of the world because: Coal & iron resources in other countries isolated from each other Resistance to Ind. Rev. in countries seeing squalor of Br. cities Br. tries to keep their tech. from spreading beyond Britain Competition from Br. drains needed money from other countries

Spread of the Industrial Revolution to Europe and the United States (c.1850-1914) 1) What was the Great Exhibition? Exhibition showing off Britain’s industrial achievements 2) What factors kept Britain the only industrial nation before 1850? 3) What factors caused Europe and the United States to industrialize? 4) Typically, what was the first step in industrialization & why? Build RRs to connect resources, factories & markets 5) The first non-Western nation to industrialize & why? Japan because US forced it to trade 6) Long range political impact of the spread of industrialization? Competition for markets-> colonize Africa & Asia-> WWI when there were no more places to conquer ECT: Who was Baron von Hausseman The man in charge of Nap III’s renovation of Paris ECT: What did the Parisians call him? Attila the Expropriator Geog. proximity to Br. exposes Eur. & U.S. to Br. tech. Industrial Revolution spreads to W. Eur. & U.S. because: Br. invests in cheaper for. ind’s & RR’s Common culture, esp. tech, of W. Eur. & U.S. to Br. Br. tech. leaks out to other countries W. Eur. & U.S. must compete vs. cheaper Br. goods Econ. disunity & Internal tolls & in fragmented countries (e.g., Ger. & Italy) Br. industries far ahead of rest of the world because: Coal & iron resources in other countries isolated from each other Resistance to Ind. Rev. in countries seeing squalor of Br. cities Br. tries to keep their tech. from spreading beyond Britain Competition from Br. drains needed money from other countries

Spread of the Industrial Revolution to Europe and the United States (c.1850-1914) 1) What was the Great Exhibition? Exhibition showing off Britain’s industrial achievements 2) What factors kept Britain the only industrial nation before 1850? 3) What factors caused Europe and the United States to industrialize? 4) Typically, what was the first step in industrialization & why? Build RRs to connect resources, factories & markets 5) The first non-Western nation to industrialize & why? Japan because US forced it to trade 6) Long range political impact of the spread of industrialization? Competition for markets-> colonize Africa & Asia-> WWI when there were no more places to conquer ECT: Who was Baron von Hausseman The man in charge of Nap III’s renovation of Paris ECT: What did the Parisians call him? Attila the Expropriator ECT: Who was Commodore Perry? Geog. proximity to Br. exposes Eur. & U.S. to Br. tech. Industrial Revolution spreads to W. Eur. & U.S. because: Br. invests in cheaper for. ind’s & RR’s Common culture, esp. tech, of W. Eur. & U.S. to Br. Br. tech. leaks out to other countries W. Eur. & U.S. must compete vs. cheaper Br. goods Econ. disunity & Internal tolls & in fragmented countries (e.g., Ger. & Italy) Br. industries far ahead of rest of the world because: Coal & iron resources in other countries isolated from each other Resistance to Ind. Rev. in countries seeing squalor of Br. cities Br. tries to keep their tech. from spreading beyond Britain Competition from Br. drains needed money from other countries

Spread of the Industrial Revolution to Europe and the United States (c.1850-1914) 1) What was the Great Exhibition? Exhibition showing off Britain’s industrial achievements 2) What factors kept Britain the only industrial nation before 1850? 3) What factors caused Europe and the United States to industrialize? 4) Typically, what was the first step in industrialization & why? Build RRs to connect resources, factories & markets 5) The first non-Western nation to industrialize & why? Japan because US forced it to trade 6) Long range political impact of the spread of industrialization? Competition for markets-> colonize Africa & Asia-> WWI when there were no more places to conquer ECT: Who was Baron von Hausseman The man in charge of Nap III’s renovation of Paris ECT: What did the Parisians call him? Attila the Expropriator ECT: Who was Commodore Perry? The American who forced Japan to open its trade Geog. proximity to Br. exposes Eur. & U.S. to Br. tech. Industrial Revolution spreads to W. Eur. & U.S. because: Br. invests in cheaper for. ind’s & RR’s Common culture, esp. tech, of W. Eur. & U.S. to Br. Br. tech. leaks out to other countries W. Eur. & U.S. must compete vs. cheaper Br. goods Econ. disunity & Internal tolls & in fragmented countries (e.g., Ger. & Italy) Br. industries far ahead of rest of the world because: Coal & iron resources in other countries isolated from each other Resistance to Ind. Rev. in countries seeing squalor of Br. cities Br. tries to keep their tech. from spreading beyond Britain Competition from Br. drains needed money from other countries

Spread of the Industrial Revolution to Europe and the United States (c.1850-1914) 1) What was the Great Exhibition? Exhibition showing off Britain’s industrial achievements 2) What factors kept Britain the only industrial nation before 1850? 3) What factors caused Europe and the United States to industrialize? 4) Typically, what was the first step in industrialization & why? Build RRs to connect resources, factories & markets 5) The first non-Western nation to industrialize & why? Japan because US forced it to trade 6) Long range political impact of the spread of industrialization? Competition for markets-> colonize Africa & Asia-> WWI when there were no more places to conquer ECT: Who was Baron von Hausseman The man in charge of Nap III’s renovation of Paris ECT: What did the Parisians call him? Attila the Expropriator ECT: Who was Commodore Perry? The American who forced Japan to open its trade ECT: What was the Meiji Restoration? Geog. proximity to Br. exposes Eur. & U.S. to Br. tech. Industrial Revolution spreads to W. Eur. & U.S. because: Br. invests in cheaper for. ind’s & RR’s Common culture, esp. tech, of W. Eur. & U.S. to Br. Br. tech. leaks out to other countries W. Eur. & U.S. must compete vs. cheaper Br. goods Econ. disunity & Internal tolls & in fragmented countries (e.g., Ger. & Italy) Br. industries far ahead of rest of the world because: Coal & iron resources in other countries isolated from each other Resistance to Ind. Rev. in countries seeing squalor of Br. cities Br. tries to keep their tech. from spreading beyond Britain Competition from Br. drains needed money from other countries

Spread of the Industrial Revolution to Europe and the United States (c.1850-1914) 1) What was the Great Exhibition? Exhibition showing off Britain’s industrial achievements 2) What factors kept Britain the only industrial nation before 1850? 3) What factors caused Europe and the United States to industrialize? 4) Typically, what was the first step in industrialization & why? Build RRs to connect resources, factories & markets 5) The first non-Western nation to industrialize & why? Japan because US forced it to trade 6) Long range political impact of the spread of industrialization? Competition for markets-> colonize Africa & Asia-> WWI when there were no more places to conquer ECT: Who was Baron von Hausseman The man in charge of Nap III’s renovation of Paris ECT: What did the Parisians call him? Attila the Expropriator ECT: Who was Commodore Perry? The American who forced Japan to open its trade ECT: What was the Meiji Restoration? Japanese program of modernization Geog. proximity to Br. exposes Eur. & U.S. to Br. tech. Industrial Revolution spreads to W. Eur. & U.S. because: Br. invests in cheaper for. ind’s & RR’s Common culture, esp. tech, of W. Eur. & U.S. to Br. Br. tech. leaks out to other countries W. Eur. & U.S. must compete vs. cheaper Br. goods Econ. disunity & Internal tolls & in fragmented countries (e.g., Ger. & Italy) Br. industries far ahead of rest of the world because: Coal & iron resources in other countries isolated from each other Resistance to Ind. Rev. in countries seeing squalor of Br. cities Br. tries to keep their tech. from spreading beyond Britain Competition from Br. drains needed money from other countries

VIDEO QUIZ BOWL

What is being demonstrated here?

An envelope maker, one of several “high tech” exhibits that amazed visitors to the Great Exhibition

What are these?

Tudor style chimneys designed for the Crystal Palace

What is this a picture of?

Punch’s satirical suggestion of building a Crystal Tower

Who is this?

Who is this? Napoleon III of France

Who is this? Napoleon III of France AKA?

Who is this? Napoleon III of France AKA? Louis Napoleon

Who is this? Napoleon III of France AKA? Louis Napoleon Whom did he make emperor of Mexico?

Who is this? Napoleon III of France AKA? Louis Napoleon Whom did he make emperor of Mexico? Archduke Maximillian

Who is this? Napoleon III of France AKA? Louis Napoleon Whom did he make emperor of Mexico? Archduke Maximillian Why did he invade Mexico?

Who is this? Napoleon III of France AKA? Louis Napoleon Whom did he make emperor of Mexico? Archduke Maximillian Why did he invade Mexico? To recover defaulted debts

Whose factory is this?

The Krupp gun factory in Essen, Germany (c.1890). In addition to producing steel, the Krupps were also the primary producers of armaments for Germany.

NUMBERS!!!!! Tell the significance of the following numbers in this unit

NUMBERS!!!!! What did you have to do 6X between Padua and Manua in 1800s?

NUMBERS!!!!! What did you have to do 6X between Padua and Manua in 1800s? Pay tolls

NUMBERS!!!!! What did you have to do 6X between Padua and Manua in 1800s? Pay tolls Significance of 300-400x?

NUMBERS!!!!! What did you have to do 6X between Padua and Manua in 1800s? Pay tolls Significance of 300-400x? How much Br. Textile prod. Jumped 1750-1830

NUMBERS!!!!! What did you have to do 6X between Padua and Manua in 1800s? Pay tolls Significance of 300-400x? How much Br. Textile prod. Jumped 1750-1830 Significance of 168k tons/186k tons?

NUMBERS!!!!! What did you have to do 6X between Padua and Manua in 1800s? Pay tolls Significance of 300-400x? How much Br. Textile prod. Jumped 1750-1830 Significance of 168k tons/186k tons? Br’s share of world’s steamships in 1850

NUMBERS!!!!! What did you have to do 6X between Padua and Manua in 1800s? Pay tolls Significance of 300-400x? How much Br. Textile prod. Jumped 1750-1830 Significance of 168k tons/186k tons? Br’s share of world’s steamships in 1850 Significance of 155:1

NUMBERS!!!!! What did you have to do 6X between Padua and Manua in 1800s? Pay tolls Significance of 300-400x? How much Br. Textile prod. Jumped 1750-1830 Significance of 168k tons/186k tons? Br’s share of world’s steamships in 1850 Significance of 155:1 Britain’s energy consumption vs. Russia’s in 1850

NUMBERS!!!!! What did you have to do 6X between Padua and Manua in 1800s? Pay tolls Significance of 300-400x? How much Br. Textile prod. Jumped 1750-1830 Significance of 168k tons/186k tons? Br’s share of world’s steamships in 1850 Significance of 155:1 Britain’s energy consumption vs. Russia’s in 1850 Significance of 67%?

NUMBERS!!!!! What did you have to do 6X between Padua and Manua in 1800s? Pay tolls Significance of 300-400x? How much Br. Textile prod. Jumped 1750-1830 Significance of 168k tons/186k tons? Br’s share of world’s steamships in 1850 Significance of 155:1 Britain’s energy consumption vs. Russia’s in 1850 Significance of 67%? Britain’s share of world’s coal production in 1850

NUMBERS!!!!! What did you have to do 6X between Padua and Manua in 1800s? Pay tolls Significance of 300-400x? How much Br. Textile prod. Jumped 1750-1830 Significance of 168k tons/186k tons? Br’s share of world’s steamships in 1850 Significance of 155:1 Britain’s energy consumption vs. Russia’s in 1850 Significance of 67%? Britain’s share of world’s coal production in 1850 Signif. of 7 hours & 72 hours?

NUMBERS!!!!! What did you have to do 6X between Padua and Manua in 1800s? Pay tolls Significance of 300-400x? How much Br. Textile prod. Jumped 1750-1830 Significance of 168k tons/186k tons? Br’s share of world’s steamships in 1850 Significance of 155:1 Britain’s energy consumption vs. Russia’s in 1850 Significance of 67%? Britain’s share of world’s coal production in 1850 Signif. of 7 hours & 72 hours? Difference b/w walking or riding RR b/w London & Liverpool

NUMBERS!!!!! What did you have to do 6X between Padua and Manua in 1800s? Pay tolls Significance of 300-400x? How much Br. Textile prod. Jumped 1750-1830 Significance of 168k tons/186k tons? Br’s share of world’s steamships in 1850 Significance of 155:1 Britain’s energy consumption vs. Russia’s in 1850 Significance of 67%? Britain’s share of world’s coal production in 1850 Signif. of 7 hours & 72 hours? Difference b/w walking or riding RR b/w London & Liverpool Significance of 44%?

NUMBERS!!!!! What did you have to do 6X between Padua and Manua in 1800s? Pay tolls Significance of 300-400x? How much Br. Textile prod. Jumped 1750-1830 Significance of 168k tons/186k tons? Br’s share of world’s steamships in 1850 Significance of 155:1 Britain’s energy consumption vs. Russia’s in 1850 Significance of 67%? Britain’s share of world’s coal production in 1850 Signif. of 7 hours & 72 hours? Difference b/w walking or riding RR b/w London & Liverpool Significance of 44%? Amount of world’s new gold going to France under Napoleon III

NUMBERS!!!!! What did you have to do 6X between Padua and Manua in 1800s? Pay tolls Significance of 300-400x? How much Br. Textile prod. Jumped 1750-1830 Significance of 168k tons/186k tons? Br’s share of world’s steamships in 1850 Significance of 155:1 Britain’s energy consumption vs. Russia’s in 1850 Significance of 67%? Britain’s share of world’s coal production in 1850 Signif. of 7 hours & 72 hours? Difference b/w walking or riding RR b/w London & Liverpool Significance of 44%? Amount of world’s new gold going to France under Napoleon III Significance of 60% & 40%?

NUMBERS!!!!! What did you have to do 6X between Padua and Manua in 1800s? Pay tolls Significance of 300-400x? How much Br. Textile prod. Jumped 1750-1830 Significance of 168k tons/186k tons? Br’s share of world’s steamships in 1850 Significance of 155:1 Britain’s energy consumption vs. Russia’s in 1850 Significance of 67%? Britain’s share of world’s coal production in 1850 Signif. of 7 hours & 72 hours? Difference b/w walking or riding RR b/w London & Liverpool Significance of 44%? Amount of world’s new gold going to France under Napoleon III Significance of 60% & 40%? Europe’s share of Ind. Prod. In 1870 & 1914

NUMBERS!!!!! What did you have to do 6X between Padua and Mantua in 1800s? Pay tolls Significance of 300-400x? How much Br. Textile prod. Jumped 1750-1830 Significance of 168k tons/186k tons? Br’s share of world’s steamships in 1850 Significance of 155:1 Britain’s energy consumption vs. Russia’s in 1850 Significance of 67%? Britain’s share of world’s coal production in 1850 Signif. of 7 hours & 72 hours? Difference b/w walking or riding RR b/w London & Liverpool Significance of 44%? Amount of world’s new gold going to France under Napoleon III Significance of 60% & 40%? Europe’s share of Ind. Prod. In 1870 & 1914 Significance of 24,000 & 48,000?

NUMBERS!!!!! What did you have to do 6X between Padua and Manua in 1800s? Pay tolls Significance of 300-400x? How much Br. Textile prod. Jumped 1750-1830 Significance of 168k tons/186k tons? Br’s share of world’s steamships in 1850 Significance of 155:1 Britain’s energy consumption vs. Russia’s in 1850 Significance of 67%? Britain’s share of world’s coal production in 1850 Signif. of 7 hours & 72 hours? Difference b/w walking or riding RR b/w London & Liverpool Significance of 44%? Amount of world’s new gold going to France under Napoleon III Significance of 60% & 40%? Europe’s share of Ind. Prod. In 1870 & 1914 Significance of 24,000 & 48,000? Number of exhibitors at Paris in 1855 & 1867

NUMBERS!!!!! What did you have to do 6X between Padua and Manua in 1800s? Pay tolls Significance of 300-400x? How much Br. Textile prod. Jumped 1750-1830 Significance of 168k tons/186k tons? Br’s share of world’s steamships in 1850 Significance of 155:1 Britain’s energy consumption vs. Russia’s in 1850 Significance of 67%? Britain’s share of world’s coal production in 1850 Signif. of 7 hours & 72 hours? Difference b/w walking or riding RR b/w London & Liverpool Significance of 44%? Amount of world’s new gold going to France under Napoleon III Significance of 60% & 40%? Europe’s share of Ind. Prod. In 1870 & 1914 Significance of 24,000 & 48,000? Number of exhibitors at Paris in 1855 & 1867 Significance of 45 & 184? Number of Eur.

NUMBERS!!!!! What did you have to do 6X between Padua and Manua in 1800s? Pay tolls Significance of 300-400x? How much Br. Textile prod. Jumped 1750-1830 Significance of 168k tons/186k tons? Br’s share of world’s steamships in 1850 Significance of 155:1 Britain’s energy consumption vs. Russia’s in 1850 Significance of 67%? Britain’s share of world’s coal production in 1850 Signif. of 7 hours & 72 hours? Difference b/w walking or riding RR b/w London & Liverpool Significance of 44%? Amount of world’s new gold going to France under Napoleon III Significance of 60% & 40%? Europe’s share of Ind. Prod. In 1870 & 1914 Significance of 24,000 & 48,000? Number of exhibitors at Paris in 1855 & 1867 Significance of 45 & 184? Number of Eur. Cities over 100,000 pop. In 1850 & 1914

NUMBERS!!!!! What did you have to do 6X between Padua and Manua in 1800s? Pay tolls Significance of 300-400x? How much Br. Textile prod. Jumped 1750-1830 Significance of 168k tons/186k tons? Br’s share of world’s steamships in 1850 Significance of 155:1 Britain’s energy consumption vs. Russia’s in 1850 Significance of 67%? Britain’s share of world’s coal production in 1850 Signif. of 7 hours & 72 hours? Difference b/w walking or riding RR b/w London & Liverpool Significance of 44%? Amount of world’s new gold going to France under Napoleon III Significance of 60% & 40%? Europe’s share of Ind. Prod. In 1870 & 1914 Significance of 24,000 & 48,000? Number of exhibitors at Paris in 1855 & 1867 Significance of 45 & 184? Number of Eur. Cities over 100,000 pop. In 1850 & 1914 Significance of 10,700 & 6300 miles?

NUMBERS!!!!! What did you have to do 6X between Padua and Manua in 1800s? Pay tolls Significance of 300-400x? How much Br. Textile prod. Jumped 1750-1830 Significance of 168k tons/186k tons? Br’s share of world’s steamships in 1850 Significance of 155:1 Britain’s energy consumption vs. Russia’s in 1850 Significance of 67%? Britain’s share of world’s coal production in 1850 Signif. of 7 hours & 72 hours? Difference b/w walking or riding RR b/w London & Liverpool Significance of 44%? Amount of world’s new gold going to France under Napoleon III Significance of 60% & 40%? Europe’s share of Ind. Prod. In 1870 & 1914 Significance of 24,000 & 48,000? Number of exhibitors at Paris in 1855 & 1867 Significance of 45 & 184? Number of Eur. Cities over 100,000 pop. In 1850 & 1914 Significance of 10,700 & 6300 miles? Distance from Europe to India before & after Suez Canal

NUMBERS!!!!! What did you have to do 6X between Padua and Manua in 1800s? Pay tolls Significance of 300-400x? How much Br. Textile prod. Jumped 1750-1830 Significance of 168k tons/186k tons? Br’s share of world’s steamships in 1850 Significance of 155:1 Britain’s energy consumption vs. Russia’s in 1850 Significance of 67%? Britain’s share of world’s coal production in 1850 Signif. of 7 hours & 72 hours? Difference b/w walking or riding RR b/w London & Liverpool Significance of 44%? Amount of world’s new gold going to France under Napoleon III Significance of 60% & 40%? Europe’s share of Ind. Prod. In 1870 & 1914 Significance of 24,000 & 48,000? Number of exhibitors at Paris in 1855 & 1867 Significance of 45 & 184? Number of Eur. Cities over 100,000 pop. In 1850 & 1914 Significance of 10,700 & 6300 miles? Distance from Europe to India before & after Suez Canal Significance of 30,000 & 10,000?

NUMBERS!!!!! What did you have to do 6X between Padua and Manua in 1800s? Pay tolls Significance of 300-400x? How much Br. Textile prod. Jumped 1750-1830 Significance of 168k tons/186k tons? Br’s share of world’s steamships in 1850 Significance of 155:1 Britain’s energy consumption vs. Russia’s in 1850 Significance of 67%? Britain’s share of world’s coal production in 1850 Signif. of 7 hours & 72 hours? Difference b/w walking or riding RR b/w London & Liverpool Significance of 44%? Amount of world’s new gold going to France under Napoleon III Significance of 60% & 40%? Europe’s share of Ind. Prod. In 1870 & 1914 Significance of 24,000 & 48,000? Number of exhibitors at Paris in 1855 & 1867 Significance of 45 & 184? Number of Eur. Cities over 100,000 pop. In 1850 & 1914 Significance of 10,700 & 6300 miles? Distance from Europe to India before & after Suez Canal Significance of 30,000 & 10,000? Number of workers on Suez Canal at 1st & at end

NUMBERS!!!!! What did you have to do 6X between Padua and Manua in 1800s? Pay tolls Significance of 300-400x? How much Br. Textile prod. Jumped 1750-1830 Significance of 168k tons/186k tons? Br’s share of world’s steamships in 1850 Significance of 155:1 Britain’s energy consumption vs. Russia’s in 1850 Significance of 67%? Britain’s share of world’s coal production in 1850 Signif. of 7 hours & 72 hours? Difference b/w walking or riding RR b/w London & Liverpool Significance of 44%? Amount of world’s new gold going to France under Napoleon III Significance of 60% & 40%? Europe’s share of Ind. Prod. In 1870 & 1914 Significance of 24,000 & 48,000? Number of exhibitors at Paris in 1855 & 1867 Significance of 45 & 184? Number of Eur. Cities over 100,000 pop. In 1850 & 1914 Significance of 10,700 & 6300 miles? Distance from Europe to India before & after Suez Canal Significance of 30,000 & 10,000? Number of workers on Suez Canal at 1st & at end Significance of 30,000 & 100,000?

NUMBERS!!!!! What did you have to do 6X between Padua and Manua in 1800s? Pay tolls Significance of 300-400x? How much Br. Textile prod. Jumped 1750-1830 Significance of 168k tons/186k tons? Br’s share of world’s steamships in 1850 Significance of 155:1 Britain’s energy consumption vs. Russia’s in 1850 Significance of 67%? Britain’s share of world’s coal production in 1850 Signif. of 7 hours & 72 hours? Difference b/w walking or riding RR b/w London & Liverpool Significance of 44%? Amount of world’s new gold going to France under Napoleon III Significance of 60% & 40%? Europe’s share of Ind. Prod. In 1870 & 1914 Significance of 24,000 & 48,000? Number of exhibitors at Paris in 1855 & 1867 Significance of 45 & 184? Number of Eur. Cities over 100,000 pop. In 1850 & 1914 Significance of 10,700 & 6300 miles? Distance from Europe to India before & after Suez Canal Significance of 30,000 & 10,000? Number of workers on Suez Canal at 1st & at end Significance of 30,000 & 100,000? Number of houses destroyed & renovated in Paris by Nap III

NUMBERS!!!!! What did you have to do 6X between Padua and Manua in 1800s? Pay tolls Significance of 300-400x? How much Br. Textile prod. Jumped 1750-1830 Significance of 168k tons/186k tons? Br’s share of world’s steamships in 1850 Significance of 155:1 Britain’s energy consumption vs. Russia’s in 1850 Significance of 67%? Britain’s share of world’s coal production in 1850 Signif. of 7 hours & 72 hours? Difference b/w walking or riding RR b/w London & Liverpool Significance of 44%? Amount of world’s new gold going to France under Napoleon III Significance of 60% & 40%? Europe’s share of Ind. Prod. In 1870 & 1914 Significance of 24,000 & 48,000? Number of exhibitors at Paris in 1855 & 1867 Significance of 45 & 184? Number of Eur. Cities over 100,000 pop. In 1850 & 1914 Significance of 10,700 & 6300 miles? Distance from Europe to India before & after Suez Canal Significance of 30,000 & 10,000? Number of workers on Suez Canal at 1st & at end Significance of 30,000 & 100,000? Number of houses destroyed & renovated in Paris by Nap III Significance of 90% & 1%

NUMBERS!!!!! What did you have to do 6X between Padua and Manua in 1800s? Pay tolls Significance of 300-400x? How much Br. Textile prod. Jumped 1750-1830 Significance of 168k tons/186k tons? Br’s share of world’s steamships in 1850 Significance of 155:1 Britain’s energy consumption vs. Russia’s in 1850 Significance of 67%? Britain’s share of world’s coal production in 1850 Signif. of 7 hours & 72 hours? Difference b/w walking or riding RR b/w London & Liverpool Significance of 44%? Amount of world’s new gold going to France under Napoleon III Significance of 60% & 40%? Europe’s share of Ind. Prod. In 1870 & 1914 Significance of 24,000 & 48,000? Number of exhibitors at Paris in 1855 & 1867 Significance of 45 & 184? Number of Eur. Cities over 100,000 pop. In 1850 & 1914 Significance of 10,700 & 6300 miles? Distance from Europe to India before & after Suez Canal Significance of 30,000 & 10,000? Number of workers on Suez Canal at 1st & at end Significance of 30,000 & 100,000? Number of houses destroyed & renovated in Paris by Nap III Significance of 90% & 1% Amount of population needed for agriculture before & after Ind. Rev

The accelerating pace of technological growth in the late 1800's

The accelerating pace of technological growth in the late 1800's 1) Feedback on Ind Rev & standard of living?

The accelerating pace of technological growth in the late 1800's 1) Feedback on Ind Rev & standard of living? Ind. Rev  Higher standard of living Sales, production & employment rise

The accelerating pace of technological growth in the late 1800's 1) Feedback on Ind Rev & standard of living? 2) Problem facing technological growth in late 1800s? Ind. Rev  Higher standard of living Sales, production & employment rise

The accelerating pace of technological growth in the late 1800's 1) Feedback on Ind Rev & standard of living? 2) Problem facing technological growth in late 1800s? Too complex w/o theoretical knowledge Ind. Rev  Higher standard of living Sales, production & employment rise

The accelerating pace of technological growth in the late 1800's 1) Feedback on Ind Rev & standard of living? 2) Problem facing technological growth in late 1800s? Too complex w/o theoretical knowledge 3) Solution? Ind. Rev  Higher standard of living Sales, production & employment rise

The accelerating pace of technological growth in the late 1800's 1) Feedback on Ind Rev & standard of living? 2) Problem facing technological growth in late 1800s? Too complex w/o theoretical knowledge 3) Solution? Research labs that fuse Science & technology Ind. Rev  Higher standard of living Sales, production & employment rise

The accelerating pace of technological growth in the late 1800's 1) Feedback on Ind Rev & standard of living? 2) Problem facing technological growth in late 1800s? Too complex w/o theoretical knowledge 3) Solution? Research labs that fuse Science & technology 4) Feedback that created? Ind. Rev  Higher standard of living Sales, production & employment rise

The accelerating pace of technological growth in the late 1800's 1) Feedback on Ind Rev & standard of living? 2) Problem facing technological growth in late 1800s? Too complex w/o theoretical knowledge 3) Solution? Research labs that fuse Science & technology 4) Feedback that created? Ind. Rev  Higher standard of living Sales, production & employment rise Ideas for ever more inventions New inventions at an ever faster pace

The accelerating pace of technological growth in the late 1800's 1) Feedback on Ind Rev & standard of living? 2) Problem facing technological growth in late 1800s? Too complex w/o theoretical knowledge 3) Solution? Research labs that fuse Science & technology 4) Feedback that created? 5) Advantage of cars with internal combustion engine over those powered by steam? Ind. Rev  Higher standard of living Sales, production & employment rise Ideas for ever more inventions New inventions at an ever faster pace

The accelerating pace of technological growth in the late 1800's 1) Feedback on Ind Rev & standard of living? 2) Problem facing technological growth in late 1800s? Too complex w/o theoretical knowledge 3) Solution? Research labs that fuse Science & technology 4) Feedback that created? 5) Advantage of cars with internal combustion engine over those powered by steam? Gas is much more volatile-> Don’t have to carry nearly as much fuel as with steam Ind. Rev  Higher standard of living Sales, production & employment rise Ideas for ever more inventions New inventions at an ever faster pace

The accelerating pace of technological growth in the late 1800's 1) Feedback on Ind Rev & standard of living? 2) Problem facing technological growth in late 1800s? Too complex w/o theoretical knowledge 3) Solution? Research labs that fuse Science & technology 4) Feedback that created? 5) Advantage of cars with internal combustion engine over those powered by steam? Gas is much more volatile-> Don’t have to carry nearly as much fuel as with steam 6) Advantage of electricity? Ind. Rev  Higher standard of living Sales, production & employment rise Ideas for ever more inventions New inventions at an ever faster pace

The accelerating pace of technological growth in the late 1800's 1) Feedback on Ind Rev & standard of living? 2) Problem facing technological growth in late 1800s? Too complex w/o theoretical knowledge 3) Solution? Research labs that fuse Science & technology 4) Feedback that created? 5) Advantage of cars with internal combustion engine over those powered by steam? Gas is much more volatile-> Don’t have to carry nearly as much fuel as with steam 6) Advantage of electricity? Can carry large amounts of energy over long distances Ind. Rev  Higher standard of living Sales, production & employment rise Ideas for ever more inventions New inventions at an ever faster pace

The accelerating pace of technological growth in the late 1800's 1) Feedback on Ind Rev & standard of living? 2) Problem facing technological growth in late 1800s? Too complex w/o theoretical knowledge 3) Solution? Research labs that fuse Science & technology 4) Feedback that created? 5) Advantage of cars with internal combustion engine over those powered by steam? Gas is much more volatile-> Don’t have to carry nearly as much fuel as with steam 6) Advantage of electricity? Can carry large amounts of energy over long distances 7) Psychological impact of telegraph & telephone? Ind. Rev  Higher standard of living Sales, production & employment rise Ideas for ever more inventions New inventions at an ever faster pace

The accelerating pace of technological growth in the late 1800's 1) Feedback on Ind Rev & standard of living? 2) Problem facing technological growth in late 1800s? Too complex w/o theoretical knowledge 3) Solution? Research labs that fuse Science & technology 4) Feedback that created? 5) Advantage of cars with internal combustion engine over those powered by steam? Gas is much more volatile-> Don’t have to carry nearly as much fuel as with steam 6) Advantage of electricity? Can carry large amounts of energy over long distances 7) Psychological impact of telegraph & telephone? Made world seem much smaller Ind. Rev  Higher standard of living Sales, production & employment rise Ideas for ever more inventions New inventions at an ever faster pace

The accelerating pace of technological growth in the late 1800's 1) Feedback on Ind Rev & standard of living? 2) Problem facing technological growth in late 1800s? Too complex w/o theoretical knowledge 3) Solution? Research labs that fuse Science & technology 4) Feedback that created? 5) Advantage of cars with internal combustion engine over those powered by steam? Gas is much more volatile-> Don’t have to carry nearly as much fuel as with steam 6) Advantage of electricity? Can carry large amounts of energy over long distances 7) Psychological impact of telegraph & telephone? Made world seem much smaller 8) Two innovations that allowed vast urban expansion? Ind. Rev  Higher standard of living Sales, production & employment rise Ideas for ever more inventions New inventions at an ever faster pace

The accelerating pace of technological growth in the late 1800's 1) Feedback on Ind Rev & standard of living? 2) Problem facing technological growth in late 1800s? Too complex w/o theoretical knowledge 3) Solution? Research labs that fuse Science & technology 4) Feedback that created? 5) Advantage of cars with internal combustion engine over those powered by steam? Gas is much more volatile-> Don’t have to carry nearly as much fuel as with steam 6) Advantage of electricity? Can carry large amounts of energy over long distances 7) Psychological impact of telegraph & telephone? Made world seem much smaller 8) Two innovations that allowed vast urban expansion? Skyscrapers & subways Ind. Rev  Higher standard of living Sales, production & employment rise Ideas for ever more inventions New inventions at an ever faster pace

The accelerating pace of technological growth in the late 1800's 1) Feedback on Ind Rev & standard of living? 2) Problem facing technological growth in late 1800s? Too complex w/o theoretical knowledge 3) Solution? Research labs that fuse Science & technology 4) Feedback that created? 5) Advantage of cars with internal combustion engine over those powered by steam? Gas is much more volatile-> Don’t have to carry nearly as much fuel as with steam 6) Advantage of electricity? Can carry large amounts of energy over long distances 7) Psychological impact of telegraph & telephone? Made world seem much smaller 8) Two innovations that allowed vast urban expansion? Skyscrapers & subways 9) What was the importance of ether? Ind. Rev  Higher standard of living Sales, production & employment rise Ideas for ever more inventions New inventions at an ever faster pace

The accelerating pace of technological growth in the late 1800's 1) Feedback on Ind Rev & standard of living? 2) Problem facing technological growth in late 1800s? Too complex w/o theoretical knowledge 3) Solution? Research labs that fuse Science & technology 4) Feedback that created? 5) Advantage of cars with internal combustion engine over those powered by steam? Gas is much more volatile-> Don’t have to carry nearly as much fuel as with steam 6) Advantage of electricity? Can carry large amounts of energy over long distances 7) Psychological impact of telegraph & telephone? Made world seem much smaller 8) Two innovations that allowed vast urban expansion? Skyscrapers & subways 9) What was the importance of ether? It allowed surgery w/o pain Ind. Rev  Higher standard of living Sales, production & employment rise Ideas for ever more inventions New inventions at an ever faster pace

The accelerating pace of technological growth in the late 1800's 1) Feedback on Ind Rev & standard of living? 2) Problem facing technological growth in late 1800s? Too complex w/o theoretical knowledge 3) Solution? Research labs that fuse Science & technology 4) Feedback that created? 5) Advantage of cars with internal combustion engine over those powered by steam? Gas is much more volatile-> Don’t have to carry nearly as much fuel as with steam 6) Advantage of electricity? Can carry large amounts of energy over long distances 7) Psychological impact of telegraph & telephone? Made world seem much smaller 8) Two innovations that allowed vast urban expansion? Skyscrapers & subways 9) What was the importance of ether? It allowed surgery w/o pain 10) Problem that next arose & solution? Ind. Rev  Higher standard of living Sales, production & employment rise Ideas for ever more inventions New inventions at an ever faster pace

The accelerating pace of technological growth in the late 1800's 1) Feedback on Ind Rev & standard of living? 2) Problem facing technological growth in late 1800s? Too complex w/o theoretical knowledge 3) Solution? Research labs that fuse Science & technology 4) Feedback that created? 5) Advantage of cars with internal combustion engine over those powered by steam? Gas is much more volatile-> Don’t have to carry nearly as much fuel as with steam 6) Advantage of electricity? Can carry large amounts of energy over long distances 7) Psychological impact of telegraph & telephone? Made world seem much smaller 8) Two innovations that allowed vast urban expansion? Skyscrapers & subways 9) What was the importance of ether? It allowed surgery w/o pain 10) Problem that next arose & solution? Infected patients-> aseptic procedure Ind. Rev  Higher standard of living Sales, production & employment rise Ideas for ever more inventions New inventions at an ever faster pace

The accelerating pace of technological growth in the late 1800's 1) Feedback on Ind Rev & standard of living? 2) Problem facing technological growth in late 1800s? Too complex w/o theoretical knowledge 3) Solution? Research labs that fuse Science & technology 4) Feedback that created? 5) Advantage of cars with internal combustion engine over those powered by steam? Gas is much more volatile-> Don’t have to carry nearly as much fuel as with steam 6) Advantage of electricity? Can carry large amounts of energy over long distances 7) Psychological impact of telegraph & telephone? Made world seem much smaller 8) Two innovations that allowed vast urban expansion? Skyscrapers & subways 9) What was the importance of ether? It allowed surgery w/o pain 10) Problem that next arose & solution? Infected patients-> aseptic procedure 11) New problem & solution? Ind. Rev  Higher standard of living Sales, production & employment rise Ideas for ever more inventions New inventions at an ever faster pace

The accelerating pace of technological growth in the late 1800's 1) Feedback on Ind Rev & standard of living? 2) Problem facing technological growth in late 1800s? Too complex w/o theoretical knowledge 3) Solution? Research labs that fuse Science & technology 4) Feedback that created? 5) Advantage of cars with internal combustion engine over those powered by steam? Gas is much more volatile-> Don’t have to carry nearly as much fuel as with steam 6) Advantage of electricity? Can carry large amounts of energy over long distances 7) Psychological impact of telegraph & telephone? Made world seem much smaller 8) Two innovations that allowed vast urban expansion? Skyscrapers & subways 9) What was the importance of ether? It allowed surgery w/o pain 10) Problem that next arose & solution? Infected patients-> aseptic procedure 11) New problem & solution? Blood loss-> Blood transfusions Ind. Rev  Higher standard of living Sales, production & employment rise Ideas for ever more inventions New inventions at an ever faster pace

The accelerating pace of technological growth in the late 1800's 1) Feedback on Ind Rev & standard of living? 2) Problem facing technological growth in late 1800s? Too complex w/o theoretical knowledge 3) Solution? Research labs that fuse Science & technology 4) Feedback that created? 5) Advantage of cars with internal combustion engine over those powered by steam? Gas is much more volatile-> Don’t have to carry nearly as much fuel as with steam 6) Advantage of electricity? Can carry large amounts of energy over long distances 7) Psychological impact of telegraph & telephone? Made world seem much smaller 8) Two innovations that allowed vast urban expansion? Skyscrapers & subways 9) What was the importance of ether? It allowed surgery w/o pain 10) Problem that next arose & solution? Infected patients-> aseptic procedure 11) New problem & solution? Blood loss-> Blood transfusions 12) New problem from blood transfusions & solution? Ind. Rev  Higher standard of living Sales, production & employment rise Ideas for ever more inventions New inventions at an ever faster pace

The accelerating pace of technological growth in the late 1800's 1) Feedback on Ind Rev & standard of living? 2) Problem facing technological growth in late 1800s? Too complex w/o theoretical knowledge 3) Solution? Research labs that fuse Science & technology 4) Feedback that created? 5) Advantage of cars with internal combustion engine over those powered by steam? Gas is much more volatile-> Don’t have to carry nearly as much fuel as with steam 6) Advantage of electricity? Can carry large amounts of energy over long distances 7) Psychological impact of telegraph & telephone? Made world seem much smaller 8) Two innovations that allowed vast urban expansion? Skyscrapers & subways 9) What was the importance of ether? It allowed surgery w/o pain 10) Problem that next arose & solution? Infected patients-> aseptic procedure 11) New problem & solution? Blood loss-> Blood transfusions 12) New problem from blood transfusions & solution? Shock-> Discover blood typing Ind. Rev  Higher standard of living Sales, production & employment rise Ideas for ever more inventions New inventions at an ever faster pace

The accelerating pace of technological growth in the late 1800's 1) Feedback on Ind Rev & standard of living? 2) Problem facing technological growth in late 1800s? Too complex w/o theoretical knowledge 3) Solution? Research labs that fuse Science & technology 4) Feedback that created? 5) Advantage of cars with internal combustion engine over those powered by steam? Gas is much more volatile-> Don’t have to carry nearly as much fuel as with steam 6) Advantage of electricity? Can carry large amounts of energy over long distances 7) Psychological impact of telegraph & telephone? Made world seem much smaller 8) Two innovations that allowed vast urban expansion? Skyscrapers & subways 9) What was the importance of ether? It allowed surgery w/o pain 10) Problem that next arose & solution? Infected patients-> aseptic procedure 11) New problem & solution? Blood loss-> Blood transfusions 12) New problem from blood transfusions & solution? Shock-> Discover blood typing 13) What was sodium citrate? Ind. Rev  Higher standard of living Sales, production & employment rise Ideas for ever more inventions New inventions at an ever faster pace

The accelerating pace of technological growth in the late 1800's 1) Feedback on Ind Rev & standard of living? 2) Problem facing technological growth in late 1800s? Too complex w/o theoretical knowledge 3) Solution? Research labs that fuse Science & technology 4) Feedback that created? 5) Advantage of cars with internal combustion engine over those powered by steam? Gas is much more volatile-> Don’t have to carry nearly as much fuel as with steam 6) Advantage of electricity? Can carry large amounts of energy over long distances 7) Psychological impact of telegraph & telephone? Made world seem much smaller 8) Two innovations that allowed vast urban expansion? Skyscrapers & subways 9) What was the importance of ether? It allowed surgery w/o pain 10) Problem that next arose & solution? Infected patients-> aseptic procedure 11) New problem & solution? Blood loss-> Blood transfusions 12) New problem from blood transfusions & solution? Shock-> Discover blood typing 13) What was sodium citrate? Chemical that kept blood from clotting-> Longer storage Ind. Rev  Higher standard of living Sales, production & employment rise Ideas for ever more inventions New inventions at an ever faster pace

The accelerating pace of technological growth in the late 1800's 1) Feedback on Ind Rev & standard of living? 2) Problem facing technological growth in late 1800s? Too complex w/o theoretical knowledge 3) Solution? Research labs that fuse Science & technology 4) Feedback that created? 5) Advantage of cars with internal combustion engine over those powered by steam? Gas is much more volatile-> Don’t have to carry nearly as much fuel as with steam 6) Advantage of electricity? Can carry large amounts of energy over long distances 7) Psychological impact of telegraph & telephone? Made world seem much smaller 8) Two innovations that allowed vast urban expansion? Skyscrapers & subways 9) What was the importance of ether? It allowed surgery w/o pain 10) Problem that next arose & solution? Infected patients-> aseptic procedure 11) New problem & solution? Blood loss-> Blood transfusions 12) New problem from blood transfusions & solution? Shock-> Discover blood typing 13) What was sodium citrate? Chemical that kept blood from clotting-> Longer storage 14) Importance of gold to the Ind Rev? Ind. Rev  Higher standard of living Sales, production & employment rise Ideas for ever more inventions New inventions at an ever faster pace

The accelerating pace of technological growth in the late 1800's 1) Feedback on Ind Rev & standard of living? 2) Problem facing technological growth in late 1800s? Too complex w/o theoretical knowledge 3) Solution? Research labs that fuse Science & technology 4) Feedback that created? 5) Advantage of cars with internal combustion engine over those powered by steam? Gas is much more volatile-> Don’t have to carry nearly as much fuel as with steam 6) Advantage of electricity? Can carry large amounts of energy over long distances 7) Psychological impact of telegraph & telephone? Made world seem much smaller 8) Two innovations that allowed vast urban expansion? Skyscrapers & subways 9) What was the importance of ether? It allowed surgery w/o pain 10) Problem that next arose & solution? Infected patients-> aseptic procedure 11) New problem & solution? Blood loss-> Blood transfusions 12) New problem from blood transfusions & solution? Shock-> Discover blood typing 13) What was sodium citrate? Chemical that kept blood from clotting-> Longer storage 14) Importance of gold to the Ind Rev? Global gold standard to expedite trade Ind. Rev  Higher standard of living Sales, production & employment rise Ideas for ever more inventions New inventions at an ever faster pace

The accelerating pace of technological growth in the late 1800's 1) Feedback on Ind Rev & standard of living? 2) Problem facing technological growth in late 1800s? Too complex w/o theoretical knowledge 3) Solution? Research labs that fuse Science & technology 4) Feedback that created? 5) Advantage of cars with internal combustion engine over those powered by steam? Gas is much more volatile-> Don’t have to carry nearly as much fuel as with steam 6) Advantage of electricity? Can carry large amounts of energy over long distances 7) Psychological impact of telegraph & telephone? Made world seem much smaller 8) Two innovations that allowed vast urban expansion? Skyscrapers & subways 9) What was the importance of ether? It allowed surgery w/o pain 10) Problem that next arose & solution? Infected patients-> aseptic procedure 11) New problem & solution? Blood loss-> Blood transfusions 12) New problem from blood transfusions & solution? Shock-> Discover blood typing 13) What was sodium citrate? Chemical that kept blood from clotting-> Longer storage 14) Importance of gold to the Ind Rev? Global gold standard to expedite trade 15) 4 ways the industrial state has increased its power over its people? Ind. Rev  Higher standard of living Sales, production & employment rise Ideas for ever more inventions New inventions at an ever faster pace

The accelerating pace of technological growth in the late 1800's 1) Feedback on Ind Rev & standard of living? 2) Problem facing technological growth in late 1800s? Too complex w/o theoretical knowledge 3) Solution? Research labs that fuse Science & technology 4) Feedback that created? 5) Advantage of cars with internal combustion engine over those powered by steam? Gas is much more volatile-> Don’t have to carry nearly as much fuel as with steam 6) Advantage of electricity? Can carry large amounts of energy over long distances 7) Psychological impact of telegraph & telephone? Made world seem much smaller 8) Two innovations that allowed vast urban expansion? Skyscrapers & subways 9) What was the importance of ether? It allowed surgery w/o pain 10) Problem that next arose & solution? Infected patients-> aseptic procedure 11) New problem & solution? Blood loss-> Blood transfusions 12) New problem from blood transfusions & solution? Shock-> Discover blood typing 13) What was sodium citrate? Chemical that kept blood from clotting-> Longer storage 14) Importance of gold to the Ind Rev? Global gold standard to expedite trade 15) 4 ways the industrial state has increased its power over its people? 1) High tech military; 2) Public education; 3) Mass media-> propaganda; 4) Fast communications Ind. Rev  Higher standard of living Sales, production & employment rise Ideas for ever more inventions New inventions at an ever faster pace

VIDEO QUIZ BOWL

What were these early autos referred to as?

Saloons on wheels.

What event is portrayed here?

What event is portrayed here? The first airplane flight across the English Channel

What event is portrayed here? The first airplane flight across the English Channel When did it take place?

What event is portrayed here? The first airplane flight across the English Channel When did it take place? 1909

What event is portrayed here? The first airplane flight across the English Channel When did it take place? 1909. How long did it take?

What event is portrayed here? The first airplane flight across the English Channel When did it take place? 1909. How long did it take? 36 minutes to complete the 23 mile flight.

What is this showing?

What is this showing? How Electrical power was stepped up, transmitted by wire, & stepped down to voltage appropriate for household appliances

Who was responsible for this happy ending? + =

Who was responsible for this happy ending? Louis Pasteur + =

Who is this and what was her nickname?

Who is this and what was her nickname? Theda Bara, known as the Vamp, was the film industry’s first “sex symbol” at the beginning of the 20th century

What is this?

What is this? The oldest surviving photograph

What is this? The oldest surviving photograph When was it taken?

What is this? The oldest surviving photograph When was it taken? 1826

What is this? The oldest surviving photograph When was it taken? 1826 What was the exposure time?

What is this? The oldest surviving photograph When was it taken? 1826 What was the exposure time? 8 hours.

What is this? The oldest surviving photograph When was it taken? 1826 What was the exposure time? 8 hours. Who significantly reduced exposure time?

What is this? The oldest surviving photograph When was it taken? 1826 What was the exposure time? 8 hours. Who significantly reduced exposure time? Louis J.M. Daguerre

What is this? The oldest surviving photograph When was it taken? 1826 What was the exposure time? 8 hours. Who significantly reduced exposure time? Louis J.M. Daguerre What was that exposure time?

What is this? The oldest surviving photograph When was it taken? 1826 What was the exposure time? 8 hours. Who significantly reduced exposure time? Louis J.M. Daguerre What was that exposure time? 10-15 minutes

What radical new development is shown here?

What radical new development is shown here? Spraying carbolic acid on wound during surgery to prevent infection

What radical new development is shown here? Spraying carbolic acid on wound during surgery to prevent infection Who pioneered this procedure?

What radical new development is shown here? Spraying carbolic acid on wound during surgery to prevent infection Who pioneered this procedure? Joseph Lister

What radical new development is shown here? Spraying carbolic acid on wound during surgery to prevent infection Who pioneered this procedure? Joseph Lister What minor problem did it cause and what was the solution?

What radical new development is shown here? Spraying carbolic acid on wound during surgery to prevent infection Who pioneered this procedure? Joseph Lister What minor problem did it cause and what was the solution? The acid irritated the head nurse’s hand, so Lister had Goodyear Rubber make her a pair of rubber gloves

What new technological development is shown here?

What new technological development is shown here? The first talking movie

What new technological development is shown here? The first talking movie When did it premiere?

What new technological development is shown here? The first talking movie When did it premiere? 1927

What building is this and where is it?

What building is this and where is it? The Tribune Building, Chicago (1920s)

New agricultural techniques & technology  Virtual revolution in medieval agriculture (FC.63)