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Mexico

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Mexico

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    1. Mexico

    3. History 1. Mayas a. Yucatan Peninsula b. developed systems of agriculture, mathematics, engineering, highways, temples. c. developed religion d. hieroglyphics—destroyed by Spanish priests e. peaked before the arrival of Columbus 2. Aztecs a. came to prominence much later than the Mayas b. Tenochtitlan—Mexico City --200,000 people. London was 1/5 this size. --stone roads c. Triple Alliance—trade and tribute d. Human sacrifices on Pyramid of the Sun. 20,000 to 50,000 per year.

    4. 3. Teotihuacan a. 30 miles from Mexico City. Largest urban area b. conquered by Aztecs in 1400s c. 2,000 apartment compounds 20 story pyramid of the sun Great Compound—39-acre civic and religious center City grid based on stellar constellations d. as large as London by 500 A.D. 4. Incas a. Dominated Colombia to Chile at their peak. b. Linked by roads and suspension bridges. c. Machu Picchu d. Conquered by Pizarro in 1532. 5. European Conquest a. guns, technology, horses b. Conquistadors—hit the shores in 1519.

    5. c. smallpox Spanish became active in the gold trade, which attracted other Europeans. e. Early civilizations—Maya, Aztec, Olmec, Zapotec. f. Milpa—grew beans, squash, peppers, in same plot. Bean plants climbed corn stalks while squash and peppers grew between stalks. 6. Colonial Period a. Haciendas—large farmlands owned by Spanish, used Indians for slave labor. Indians also used as slaves in silver mines

    6. b. Influence of Catholic Church -towns grew around churches -plaza—open area in front of the church used for community activities. -Catholicism combined with native religion—our Lady of Guadalupe. Juan Diego Indians attracted to Catholicism because of sacrifice of Jesus, following priests. c. cattle ranching, mining

    7. d. legacy: rural poor, educated urban elite. 7. Mexican Independence—1810 to 1821. a. September 1810. Miguel Hidalgo. Western education. Executed, but rebellion continued. b. Independence won in 1821. c. Series of dictators. 8. Loss of Texas a. thousands of Americans in Texas by 1830s, did not want to live under Mexican government. b. 1836—the Alamo. 7 captured, including Crockett, executed. 2,000 Mexicans vs. 200 Texans

    8. c. September 1836, Mexicans defeated, Santa Ana captured, gave up Texas for his life. d. Lost it for in 1848 after war with the U.S. e. other territories lost in 1830s and 1840s: southwestern U.S., Central America. 9. Mexican Revolution 1910 to 1920 a. kicked out a dictator—Porfirio Diaz b. war between regional leaders c. haciendas broken up, but farmers too poor to work it. d. drove out foreign business Modern Mexico 1. reopened to foreign business in 1990. 2. productive factories—expanded since NAFTA. 3. more urban 4. Tourism

    9. 5. Changes in daily life a. smaller families b. women working outside of the home c. increase in Protestant churches. d. Indians participating more in government. Mexico’s Regions 1. Greater Mexico City a. Ľ of the population b. most of the GDP is produced here c. lack of jobs d. air pollution—3 packs a day. Trapped by the mountains

    10. 2. Central Mexico a. Guadalajara, second largest city. b. many fertile valleys c. attracting new factories 3. Gulf Lowlands and Southern Mexico a. prospering from natural gas and oil deposits. b. Veracruz—an important port c. Southern Mexico is the poorest region -many are migrating -very traditional—subsistence agriculture 4. Northern Mexico a. one of the most prosperous—modern infrastructure. b. Monterrey—industrial city. Other towns have industrialized rapidly. c. cattle ranching 5. 31 states and a federal district

    11. Challenges creating economic opportunity, which will lessen migration to the U.S. Takes away skilled workers. 2. reducing crime, particularly drug smuggling 3. Improving infrastructure—poor water supplies.

    12. Natural Environments 1. Mexican plateau takes up most of the country 2. Three mountain ranges: Sierra Madre West (Occidental), East (Oriental), South (del Sur). 3. Valley of Mexico on southern end of the plateau, location of Mexico City. 4. Flattest part is Yucatan Peninsula Climate 1. varies by region—deserts in north, rainforests in the south 2. Three factors that influence climate: a. Pacific subtropical high pressure cell—deserts in the north. b. Northeast trade winds—blows in humid air from Gulf of Mexico. c. elevation -rain occurs where trade winds hit the mountains -makes the Mexican Plateau cooler

    13. 3. no major river Resources 1. minerals 2. petroleum from Gulf of Mexico—most important

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