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Acids and Bases

Acids and bases are fundamental chemical substances with distinct properties. Acids contain H+ ions, taste sour, and react with bases to form salts and water. Bases contain OH- ions, taste bitter, and feel slippery. There are two main types of acids: binary acids and oxyacids. Binary acids consist of hydrogen and one other element, while oxyacids include hydrogen, oxygen, and another element. This guide covers the naming conventions and examples of acids, including hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitric, and acetic acids.

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Acids and Bases

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  1. Acids and Bases

  2. Acids and Bases • Acids • Contains H+ • Tastes sour • Reacts with bases to produce salt and water. • Bases • Contains OH- • Tastes bitter • Feels slippery • Reacts with acids to produce salt and water.

  3. Naming Acids • 2 types of acids • Binary acids • Made of an H and one other element • Oxyacids • Made of an H, an O, and one other element

  4. Binary Acids • An acid that starts with an H and has no O • “no O = Hydro” • All binary acids are named Hydro ______ic acid • HCl - Hydrochloric acid • HBr - Hydrobromic acid • Hydrofluoric acid - HF

  5. Oxyacids • An acid that starts with an H and has an O • “If you ate it, it was ickey. If you bite it, it is grous.” • If the negative ion ends in –ate the acid is called ______ic acid. • If the negative ion ends in –ite the acid is called ______ous acid.

  6. Oxyacid examples • HClO3 • Starts with H • Has an O • Look up part that is attached to H on charge sheet • ClO3 is chlorate • Change chlorate to chloric and add acid. • HClO3 is chloric acid

  7. H2SO4 • Starts with H, has an O • SO4 is sulfate • Change sulfate to sulfuric and add acid • H2SO4 is sulfuric acid • HNO3 • Starts with H, has an O • NO3 is nitrate • Change nitrate to nitric and add acid • HNO3 is nitric acid

  8. H3PO3 • PO3 is phosphite • Change phosphite to phosphorous • H3PO3 is phosphorous acid • HC2H3O2 • C2H3O2 is acetate. • HC2H3O2 is acetic acid • HNO2 • NO2 is nitrite • HNO2 is nitrous acid

  9. Now reverse • What is the formula for nitric acid? • Nitric comes from nitrate • NO3-1 has a -1 charge which means 1 H. • HNO3 • Hypochlorous acid • Hypochlorous comes from hypochlorite • ClO-1 means 1 H. • HClO • Phosphoric acid • Phosphoric comes from phosphate • PO4-3 means 3 H’s • H3PO4

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