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Chapter 3

Chapter 3. Climates of the Earth Pgs.55-69. Section 1: Earth- Sun Relationships. Weather = The condition of the atmosphere in one place during a limited period of time. Climate = Term for weather patterns that an area typically experiences over a long period of time.

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Chapter 3

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  1. Chapter 3 Climates of the Earth Pgs.55-69

  2. Section 1: Earth- Sun Relationships • Weather= The condition of the atmosphere in one place during a limited period of time. • Climate= Term for weather patterns that an area typically experiences over a long period of time.

  3. Section 1: Earth- Sun Relationships Earth’s Tilt & Rotation • Axis= an Imaginary line running from the North Pole to the South Pole through the planet’s center. Currently tilted @ an angle of 23 ½ *. • Temperature= the measure of how hot or cold a place is. Common temperature scales: Fahrenheit (*F) or Celsius (*C). • Rotates every 24 hrs, west to east, 1st one hemisphere & then the other toward the sun, alternating the light of day & the dark of night. http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=D621326A-36AB-47BF-9CC7-77BE8EB7589A&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

  4. Section 1:Earth-Sun Relationships Earth’s Revolution • Revolution= 1 complete trip around the sun. • Seasons are reversed North & South of the equator. Around March 21st the sun’s rays fall directly on the equator. • Equinox= “equal night” daylight & nighttime hrs are equal. This day marks the beginning of spring in the northern hemisphere.

  5. Section 1: Earth-Sun Relationships The Tropics of Cancer & Capricorn • Tropic of Cancer=23 ½* N. latitude, northern most point on the Earth to receive direct rays of the sun. • Summer Solstice= June 21st; making this the longest day of sunlight in the northern hemisphere & marking the 1st day of summer. • Tropic of Capricorn=23 ½* S. latitude, southern most point on the Earth to receive direct rays of the sun. This equinox marks the beginning of fall in the northern hemisphere. • Winter Solstice= December 22nd. Shortest day of shortest daylight, begins the winter season in the N. hemisphere.

  6. Section 1: Earth-Sun Relationships • 6 months a yr 1 pole is tilted toward the sun & receives continuous sunlight while the other pole is tilted away from the sun & receives little or no sunlight. • North Pole= sun never sets from March 20th- September 23rd. • South Pole receives continuous daylight from September 23rd – March 20th. This is a phenomenon known as the Midnight Sun.

  7. Section 1: Earth-Sun Relationships The Greenhouse Effect • Greenhouse Effect= the capacity of certain gasses in the atmosphere to trap heat, thereby warming Earth. • Global Warming= a rise in atmospheric CO2 levels along with a general rise in global temperatures.

  8. Section 2: Factors Affecting Climate Latitude & Climate • Low Latitudes: Area between the Tropics of Cancer & Capricorn. (includes the equator) receives direct sun rays all yr. Warm, hot climates, these are know as the Tropics. • High Latitudes: Earth’s polar areas. • Arctic Circle= latitude 66*N, continuous but indirct sunlight or twilight March 20th- September 23rd. • Antarctic Circle= latitude 66*S, continuous but indirect sunlight or twilight September 23rd -March 20th. • Mid-Latitudes= Between the Tropic of Cancer & the Arctic Circle & the Tropic of Capricorn & the Antarctic Circle. Temperate climates, fairly hot-fairly cold w/ dramatic seasonal changes.

  9. Latitude Climate Map

  10. Section 2: Factors Affecting Climate • Elevation & Climate: At all latitudes elevation influences climate due to the relationship between the elevation of a place & its temperature. • Wind & Ocean Currents: Air moving across Earth’s surface is wind. Rising Warm Air=Low Pressure. Falling Cool Air= High Pressure. • Prevailing Winds= wind in a region that blows in a fairly constant directional pattern, determined by latitude & Earth’s movement. • Coriolis Effect= an effect that causes the prevailing winds to blow diagonally rather than along strict north-south or east-west lines.

  11. Section 2: Factors Affecting Climate • Doldrums=At the Equator, global winds are diverted north & south leaving a narrow, generally frequently windless area near the Equator. • Currents= cold or warm stream of seawater that flows in the oceans, generally in a circular pattern. Coriolis Effect is present here as well, causing the currents to move in a clock-wise motion in the N. Hemisphere & counter-clock-wise in the S. Hemisphere. • El Nino= periodic change in the pattern of ocean currents & water temperatures in the Mid-Pacific region.

  12. Section 2: Factors Affecting Climate • Windward= the side of the mountain range facing the wind. • Leeward= facing away from the direction from which the wind is blowing. • Rain Shadow= dry area of land found on the leeward side of a mountain range.

  13. Section 3: World Climate Patterns • Natural Vegetation= The plant life that grows in an area where the natural environment is unchanged by human activity. • The Tropics= hot & wet weather all yr. Avg. temp. 80* F. avg. rainfall 80 inches a yr! • Dry Climates: Desert & Steppe • Desert: sparse plant life, avg. rainfall less than 10 inches a yr. occur in less than 1/3 of Earth’s total land area. The Sahara extends over 1/3 of Africa. • Oasis= area of lush vegetation. • Steppe= treeless grasslands avg. rainfall: 10-20 in.

  14. Section 3: World Climate Patterns

  15. Section 3: World Climate Patterns • Mid-Latitudes: variable weather patterns & seasonal changes. • Coniferous =Trees that have cones and needle-shaped leaves, keep their foliage year round. • Deciduous= Trees that have broad leaves that change color & drop in the fall. • Mixed forests= both kinds of trees. • Costal latitudes are known as Mediterranean Climates; mild rainy winters, hot & sunny summers. Vegetation includes Chaparrals, thickets of woody bushes & short trees.

  16. Section 3: World Climate Patterns • High latitudes: freezing temperatures all year due to lack of sunlight. • Subarctic Climate Region: bitterly cold winters, short cold winters. • Permafrost= permanently frozen subsoil. • Tundra: bitter cold for 6 months, located in N. Hemisphere. Low bushes, short grasses, & lichens. • Highland Climates: The higher the elevation the colder the climate. • Climate changes: human interaction. Burning of fossil fuels releases gases that fall in rain & snow. • Smog= visible chemical haze

  17. Section 3: World Climate Patterns

  18. Sources • http://www.uvm.edu/whale/Glacier3575.jpeg • http://www.chnpress.com/tourism/img/Golgraphy/Talesh2%20(Classification%20of%20the%20Climates---Warm%20and%20Humid).jpg • http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Cyclone_Catarina_from_the_ISS_on_March_26_2004.JPG • http://www.kbears.com/climates/rainforest.jpg • http://www.srh.noaa.gov/crp/weather/education/images/weather.jpg • http://www.nps.gov/biho/images/BI-Clouds-Weather.jpghttp://www.theclimatecommunity.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/polar-bears-climate-change-schools1.jpg • http://www.onegeology.org/images/extra/showcase/climate2.jpg • http://wallpapersbrasil.net63.net/wallpapers/The%20midnight%20sun_1280x800.jpg • http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/state_energy_program/update/images/06-07_greenhouse_effect.jpg • http://admstnsp.mn.catholic.edu.au/hsiequizzes/7-geography-revision/multimedia/mm_13.jpg • http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/00/93900-004-5EA76A32.jpg • http://www.kbears.com/climates/desert.jpg • http://inlinethumb39.webshots.com/43174/2320133670102347975S500x500Q85.jpg • http://www.all-creatures.org/hope/gw/permafrost_melting_016.jpg • http://farm1.static.flickr.com/98/262787695_40e789c63a.jpg • http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_eAWK5NXenGU/Rqh0TfbYmeI/AAAAAAAAAks/ifb9fxU3tXc/s400/100_1776.JPG • http://www.edupic.net/Images/Plants/fall_colors18.JPG

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