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Innovative Beam Pipe Design and Simulation Framework for Geant4 in High-Energy Physics

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This paper presents a novel beam pipe design and its simulation framework utilizing Geant4, focused on optimizing interaction region performance in high-energy physics experiments. The design achieves efficient power dissipation of 1 kW with a sophisticated water jacket system, fostering minimal negative pressure and effective thermal management. By analyzing multiple configurations, including material thickness and thermal uniformity, we aim to enhance photon and particle production simulation accuracy. Furthermore, our ongoing studies of beam-beam interactions promise advancements in detector occupancy evaluation and radiation modeling, essential for next-generation collider experiments.

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Innovative Beam Pipe Design and Simulation Framework for Geant4 in High-Energy Physics

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  1. Beampipe design F.Raffaelli Framework for Geant4 Interaction Region simulation G.Calderini, M.Marchiori, M.Mazur, E.Paoloni

  2. 1) Beampipe design F.Raffaelli

  3. Some figures of merit Power dissipation 1 KW Beam Pipe Radius O(1 cm) T Inlet 8 C T MAX raise 3 C Water speed < 5m/s Negative pressure

  4. A possible design Pipe Inner Radius 1 cm “Uniform” Water Jacket (8 flat channels) Single channel area = 2.35 mm2 Channel width = 300 um To dissipate 1KW with water specific heat and thermal conductivity Peek (plastic) jacket Requires channel 1-side coating to prevent erosion (7um Ni and/or BerylCoatD) Flow: 4.2 m/s (OK)

  5. Gold foil 4 um 0.121 % X0 Berillium 300 um 0.085 % Peek layer 500 um 0.142 % Water 300 um 0.083 % Ni coating 7 um 0.050 % Total 0.481 % X0

  6. For comparison: BaBar: R= 27.9 mm SuperB R=10 mm (32mm Layer1) Total material 1.1% X0 0.48% X0

  7. Alternative design 6-8 external lines Reduced material (no water jacket) No coating, gold foil only Non-homogeneous temperature distribution Non-homogeneous material thickness

  8. Rad lengths Uniform jacket -realistic 0 p/6 <q2ms> ½ @ p=500MeV R beam-pipe = 1cm Uniform jacket -realistic 500 um Be + 4 um Au R lines = 1mm Thickness Al = 150um Badly non-uniform

  9. Status: the beam pipe thickness and radius are obviously crucial for performance We think we can reach 1-1.5 cm of radius with a thickness of (0.5 – 0.75) % X0 A different design could provide an even lower average thickness, at the expense of a strong non-uniformity. For this reason is presently not one of the favoured scenarios, but nevertheless needs to be further investigated and improved

  10. Update with the Geant4 simulation framework

  11. Already in production:  production (Beamsstrahlung) from Guinea Pig pairs production in beam-beam Still at the design phase: radiative BhaBhas interaction in the downstream region of the pipe bremmstrahlung in the incoming beams these two are extremely important but have been postponed since require a detailed layout of the IR

  12. Detector layout 5 silicon layers (SVT-like design) Layer1 at R=1 cm This mockup is used to determine occupancy due to the backgrounds

  13. 3 inner layers 2 outer layers (SVT-like, wedges, just example)

  14. 1)Beamsstrahlung photon production Simulation with Guinea-Pig of  production in the beam-beam interaction. A list of photon energy & directions is obtained. The photon list is fed to Geant4 simulation ~20000 photons produced per bunch crossing, with energy < 20 Kev KeV They are focused around the downstream beams…

  15. 2 x 25 mrad Crossing Angle Inner Silicon layers outside BP e+ e- External beam-pipe (R=1cm to 2cm) Photons from Beam-beam Be beam-pipe (R=1cm) … but …

  16. M.Sullivan Bent orbits might be necessary to accommodate FF quads It becomes a problem with bent orbits The downstream region will need to be modeled carefully

  17. Pressure may also be critical Beam-gas event @ 1nTorr many events per bunch crossing

  18. 2)Beamsstrahlung pairs production Simulation with Guinea-Pig of pairs production in the beam-beam interaction. A list of e+, e- tracks is obtained and fed to the Geant4 simulation Kinematic limit to reach 1cm pipe P Pt GeV GeV ~90 tracks produced per bunch crossing, with Pt < 25-30 Mev

  19. 8 BX integrated In layer1 O(1.4 hits/BX)

  20. O(1.4 hits/BX) In layer1 Bx = 600 MHz O(14 MHz/cm^2) Area = 62.8 cm2 Pitch = 50um x 50um = 4 104 channels/cm2 O(350 Hz/chann) Occupancy=3.5 10-4 Readout window = 1us

  21. To do next: evaluation of radiative BhaBha effects on the detector evaluation ofincoming bremmsstrahlung M.Sullivan These studies need a more defined layout interaction region

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