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Learning Theories. Dora Rodriguez October 18, 2009 Project II. Cognitive Theories. is concerned with the development of a person's thought processes. It also looks at how these thought processes influence how we understand and interact with the world.
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Learning Theories Dora Rodriguez October 18, 2009 Project II
Cognitive Theories • is concerned with the development of a person's thought processes. • It also looks at how these thought processes influence how we understand and interact with the world. • Learning is an active process of filtering, selecting, organizing, and integrating information based upon prior knowledge.
Behaviorist Theories • The learner starts off as a clean slate and behavior is shaped through positive reinforcement or negative reinforcement. • The most useful theories tend to be parsimonious ones • Learning exist as a result of new associations between events in the environment.
Vygotsky and his Social Cognition • Culture makes two sorts of contributions to a child’s intellectual development. • First, through culture children acquire much of the content of their thinking, that is, their knowledge. • Second, the surrounding culture provides a child with the processes or means of their thinking, what Vygotskians call the tools of intellectual adaptation.
B.F. Skinner and his Behaviorism • Two different types of conditioning. • Classical Conditioning is thus ‘learning by association’ If a stimulus that results in an emotional response is repeated alongside another stimulus which does not cause an emotional response, eventually the second stimulus will result in the same emotional response. • Operant Conditioning is thus ‘learning by consequences’. A behavior will increase if it is followed by positive reinforcement. It will decrease if it is followed by punishment.
B.F. Skinnerways of teaching • Behaviorism is used by parents (and even school systems). They are inclined to provide positive reinforcement to encourage good behavior and negative reinforcement to stop bad. • Using positive reinforcement to encourage appropriate behavior can lead to children making the right decision on their own.
Vygotsky Impacts Learning • Curriculum: Children learn through interaction between learner and learning. • Instruction: Children can perform tasks that they are incapable of completing on their own. • Assessment: Children can do on their own is their level of development.
Educational Behaviorist • Behavior verify that learning has taken place. • Student behavior and educational practices are shape through the ideas of freedom to grow • Positive reward or reinforcement for learning.
Educational Cognitive • Cognitive processes manipulates learning. • Children classify the things they learn. • People organizes their own learning.
Web Sites • Mayer, R. E.; R. Moreno (1998). “A Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning: Implications for Design Principles”. http://www.unm.edu/~moreno/PDFS/chi.pdf. Retrieved from http://www.learning-theories.com/cognitive- theory-ofmultimedia-learning-mayer.html#more-54. • Funderstanding (2009). “Vygotsky and Social Cognition.” Retrieved from http://www.funderstanding/vygotsky- and-social-cognition. • Changing Minds.org. (2009).” Explanations > Theories > Operant Conditioning.”http://www.bfskinner.org/. http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Skinner/Twotypes/twotyp es.htm .Retrieved from http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/operant _conditioning.htm. • Funderstanding (2009).”Behaviorism.” www.funderstanding.com/content/behaviorism .Retrieved from http://www.funderstanding.com/behaviorism.cfm
