The Growth of American Colonies: Immigration, Slavery, and Emerging Ideas

1. Chapter 3 The American Colonies Take Shape

2. Immigration and Slavery • Push – Pull factors • Push – negative, causing you to leave • Pull – positive, drawing you to one area • Immigrants – Germany, Scotland, Ireland • Indentured Servants – passage paid in return for work contract • Portugal - African slave trade • Middle Passage– journey from Africa • Different languages and cultures • MOST went to West Indies • Strong immune system

4. Triangular Trade North – smallest number; farmhands, dockworkers, house servants Middle & South – tobacco, sugar, indigo, rice Phillis Wheatley – Af. American poet Slavery cont.

6. Government • English tradition of democracy • Magna Carta – 1215 • Reduced power of king • Needed consent of nobles to pass laws • Parliament – bicameral legislature (2 houses) • Self rule in colonies – local govts., town meetings, etc. • 1689 – Glorious Revolution – William and Mary signed English Bill of Rights • Guarantees freedoms from Magna Carta • Habeas Corpus – cannot hold someone w/out charge • Jury Trial

7. Economic Relationship • Salutary Neglect – England trades with colonies and allows self-rule (ignores) • Mercantilism– System of trade – mother country exports goods in exchange for gold and silver • Both sides benefit • England benefits the most – sells more than they purchase • Navigation Acts – only English ships could trade with colonies, specified certain products could only go to England, had to use an English port and pay duties (taxes)

8. New Ideas • Enlightenment – European ideas that all problems could be solved by human reason • Scientific Revolution – used observation & experimentation • Challenged thinking about religion, science, government; apply natural laws & reason to gov. • Challenged ideas of unlimited government, proposed “natural” rights of people, basic human (inalienable) rights, govt. by the consent of the governed (the people) • Locke,Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau • Benjamin Franklin inspired by Enlightenment – scientist, inventor, writer, “Renaissance Man” • http://www.history.com/videos/the-eventful-life-of-benjamin-franklin

9. New Ideas cont. • Great Awakening– Revival of religious fervor; power of individual • Evangelical preachers traveled preaching • Rejected Enlightenment/Secular ideas • Jonathon Edwards, George Whitefield • Led to formation of new churches, independent thinking

10. Wars of Empire • Worldwide struggle for empires • N. America – France vs. England • French & Indian War (1754) • Indians allied with French (some w/English) • Washington – young British soldier • Treaty of Paris 1763 ends war – British win control of N. America (& Canada) • Flood of British settlers into Indian lands • Pontiac’s Rebellion – uprising against settlers; ran out of ammunition, defeated • Made peace in exchange for Proclamation of 1763 (no settlers west of Appalachian mountains)

12. Aftermath • Revealed split between British & colonists • British wanted greater control • Wanted colonists to pay for war • Albany Plan of Union (Benjamin Franklin) • First attempt to unite colonies • Failed – colonies didn’t want to give up authority • Timeline – Jamestown 1607 – Georgia 1733 • British first supported then changed - didn’t like idea of united colonies • This war is the beginning of the trouble between the British and the colonists – will lead to REVOLUTION!