Becoming a world power

1. Becoming a world power Chap 10

2. Section 1

3. Imperialism • 4 Factors of why Imperialism grew • Economics-Industry increases, so does the need for natural resources and the need for new places (markets) to sell those products • Nationalism- Devotion to your nation • Military- Technology allowed European countries’ armies and navies to be far superior, allowing for easy conquests and the need for bases for fuel and supplies • Humanitarian and Religious goals-The do-gooders • 1st in Europe, then in 1890 America fueled by the industrial revolution • ANNEX, ANNEXATION-To take over a new territory.

4. Imperialism • Map of Imperialism • The United States and Imperialism • Monroe Doctrine-What it is? What does it mean to the United States • Definition-Neutral in European wars and affairs but warned Europe to stay out of the West • William Seward (Secretary of State) put 50,000 troops on the border when France tried to take over Mexico • Seward’s Folly-The Buying of Alaska from Russia • Commodore Matthew C. Perry- Sails to Japan to open trade • Seward annexes Midway Islands • Hawaii and tax free sugar

5. Imperialism • Why did the United States want to expand? • Protect American growth • New markets • International Business (Source of new Money) for Standard Oil and Bell Telegraph & Telephone • Banana Republics • Where money and business’s bought political influence in the region

6. Imperialism • Why did the United States want to expand? • Protect American Security • Navy-Pushed for military protection of business from foreign nations • 1881- Naval Advisory Board=More $ for the navy • 1890- Naval Act=Battleships, cruisers and gunboats • 1900 – Most Powerful Navy in the World

7. Imperialism • Why did the United States want to expand? • Preserve the American Spirit • Henry Cabot & Teddy Roosevelt-The quest for an empire might revitalize the country’s pioneer spirit • Social Darwinism-

8. The Spanish-American War Section 2

9. Spanish-American War • President at the time-McKinley • Displays of Power- • 1891 Chile, Mob kills 2 sailors, U.S government demands payment • 1893 Brazil, Rebellion takes place which threatens U.S. Shipping, Government sends in the navy as a show of force which crushes the rebellion • 1895-Venezuela, Great Britain and the United States have a dispute over the Monroe doctrine, Great Britain eventually agrees to arbitration with the United States • Arbitration-settlement of a dispute by a third party

10. Spanish-American War • Prelude to War • The Cuban Rebellion • 1868 Cuba rebels against Spain over treatment by the Spanish government • 1895 Cuba rebels again after the economy goes in the tank. • This time, Spain sends in 150,000 troops to shut up the people • Reconcentration-Forcing civilians into guarded camps where there is little food or sanitation • RESULT 200,000 Cubans die • United States refuses to help, so the rebels destroy the sugar plantations to force the United States to intervene

11. Spanish-American War • Prelude to War • YellowJournalism • Pulitzer and Hearsts’ newspapers • New York World & New York Morning Journal • They put sensational headlines to turn the public against Spain and help the Cuban Rebellion • "Does our flag shield women?" "Indignities Practiced by Spanish Officials On Board American Vessels" • "Richard Harding Davis Describes Some Startling Phases of the Cuban Situation“ • "Refined Young Women Stripped and Searched by Brutal Spaniards While Under Our Flag on the Ollivette

12. Spanish-American War • Prelude to War • 1898 Riots begin in Havana, the capitol • McKinley sends in the U.S. battleship Maine • FEB 1898 The de Lome Letter- Stolen from the Spanish ambassador in Washington D.C. it described McKinley as weak but it raised anti-Spain sentiments in the U.S. • FEB 15th 1898 Explosion on the U.S.S. Maine-kills 250 united states sailors • Feb 25th 1898 The Philippines- Spain's last remaining possession, The Philippine Islands, the native people rebel

13. Spanish-American War • Prelude to War • Feb 25th 1898 The Philippines- Spain's last remaining possession, The Philippine Islands, the native people rebel • Teddy Roosevelt-Assistant secretary of the navy views the Philippines as a strategic military base which the U.S. could use • March 1898 McKinley's war message- Sent a list of demands to Spain, all of which were accepted but no independence for the Cuban people • April 1898 McKinley declares war

14. Spanish-American War • “A splendid Little War” • May 1898 in the Philippines in Manilla Bay • Admiral Dewey attacks Spain’s navy…and destroys its’ entire fleet in 7hrs • Cuba-The United States navy encircles Spain’s Atlantic fleet in Santiago harbor in Cuba • July 1898-The Rough Riders-led by Teddy Roosevelt who resigned his naval command to lead troops into Cuba and took San Juan Hill • July 3 American naval forces sunk the rest of the Spanish fleet • Yellow Fever and Malaria strike troops in June-July-August

15. Spanish-American War • “A splendid Little War” • Dec 1898 The war ends with the Treaty of Paris • What did the United States get out of the war? • Cuban Independence • $20 million • Land-The U.S. acquired the Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam and other territories

16. Spanish-American War • Challenges after the war • What to do with the Philippines • Fighting with the Filipinos • 4,000 Americans died, 3,000 wounded • American troops killed over 16,000 people to annex the islands • Cuba • Teller Amendment-promised Cuba that the U.S. wouldn’t annex the country • Platt Amendment- Prohibited Cuba from entering into foreign agreements and Cuba must allow the U.S. to build naval bases • Puerto Rico • Provided a military base

17. Spanish-American War • Challenges after the war • Hawaii • Pearl Harbor • Sugar exports • Removal of the queen based upon financial gains from pineapple planter Sanford Dole • Samoa • Stepping stone for trade with Asia • Naval base • Spheres of influence-Areas of economic and political control of china • Open Door Policy-equal access to China’s millions of people • However China resented any outside influence • Boxer Rebellion

18. The Panama Canal Section 3

19. Building the Canal • WHY? • Looking for an easy passage to connect the Atlantic and Pacific oceans for trade • Isthmus of Panama-Shortest route • 1879-French company bought a 25 year lease to build the canal • Company offered the remaining rights to the U.S. for $100 Million dollars • When the price was cut to $40 Million in 1902, Congress passed the Spooner act to purchase the agreement • Panama rebelled against Columbia and sent naval warships to help the rebellion and recognized Panama as a country and became its’ protectorate • Building of the canal began in 1904 and completed in 1914

20. President Roosevelt • Roosevelt Corollary • Addition to the Monroe Doctrine • Roosevelt as a peace maker • Russo-Japanese war in 1904 • Worried about Japan’s military influence in the Far East negotiated a peace treaty • He kept trade open for all nations to China • Won the Nobel prize

21. Foreign Policy after Roosevelt • William Howard Taft and Woodrow Wilson • Taft • Elected in 1908, was secretary of war under Roosevelt • Main Goals--> Maintain open door to Asia and to preserve stability in Latin America • Wanted to substitute dollars for bullets=Dollar Diplomacy • Increased amount of $ overseas • Not always profitable

22. Foreign Policy after Roosevelt • William Howard Taft and Woodrow Wilson • Wilson • Mexican Revolution • In a bloody revolution, General Huerta overthrew the president of Mexico and killed him • The U.S. had over $1 billion dollars invested in Mexican oil, mines, land and railroads • Wilson applied moral and legal standards to foreign policy instead of Taft’s dollar diplomacy

23. Section 4 America’s new role

24. The role of Imperialism in America • Imperialists • As a show of force, Roosevelt sent the U.S. navy on a trip around the world. • Youth programs started up to support Imperialism • Boys and Girl Scouts • Anti-Imperialists • Racism-many believed that our heritage were superior to those of others • Economic reasons against imperialism • COSTLY • Maintaining armed forces requires a large amount of money

25. The role of Imperialism in America • Imperialists • Wanted to maintain the United States in a role which it could expand its’ terrortory and financial reach into other countries • Anti-Imperialists • Moral and political oppostition to imperialism • Strongest reason--The rejection of the nation’s foundation of “liberty for all” • Constitution must follow the flag-- Which meant that our laws went where we went