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America's Global Ascent: U.S. Abroad in the Late 19th Century

Explore the pivotal moments that propelled the U.S. into a world power in the late 19th century, from the Spanish-American War to the completion of the Panama Canal. Witness the hard and soft power tactics employed by America abroad, shaping its influence on the international stage. Delve into the complexities of imperialism, naval superiority, and the American-Filipino War. Experience the transformative events that solidified America's emergence as a formidable global force, setting the stage for its future foreign policy objectives.

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America's Global Ascent: U.S. Abroad in the Late 19th Century

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  1. Becoming a World Power Chapter 22

  2. U.S. Abroad (late 19th century) • Interest in extending influence • America Abroad: hard & soft power influence 1) Protestant Missionaries 2) Businessmen 3) Imperialists

  3. U.S. Abroad (late 19th century) • Mahan’s Influence of Sea Power Upon History (1890) • Imperialist belief in strong navy (p 564) - 1898, U.S. 5th largest navy in world - 1900, U.S. 3rd largest navy in world

  4. Path to Spanish-American War • Spain & Cuba relations • 2nd revolution (1895) • Spain’s Concentration camps • Media reports shocking stories • McKinley sends USS Maine to Cuba

  5. Road to War • two events lead U.S. to war 1) De Lome Letter - published in US newspapers 2) Explosion of USS Maine(Feb 1898) a. 260 Americans died b. “remember the Maine!” c. Congress responded by mobilizing for war

  6. Outbreak of War • McKinley’s conditions for avoiding war: • Congress declares war (4-14) - teller amendment • Spain declares war (4-24)

  7. McKinley's “splendid little war” • April to August 1898 • 1 million volunteer / 500 lost in combat • Naval Superiority • Battle of San Juan hill (Rough Riders) - 3 battles (Santiago)

  8. McKinley's “splendid little war” • U.S. deaths (5,700/ 500) • Treaty of Paris 10/1/1898 • transfer of Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico & Cuban independence • American Pacific empire (p 570) • Huge victory for U.S./ heals wounds of civil war • John Sousa's "Stars and Stripes Forever" p-572

  9. The American-Filipino War • Mission to “civilize” • brutal war in Philippines (4 years) • insurgents & guerilla tactics • US lost 4,200 soldiers ($160 million) - set up concentration camps to fight insurgents

  10. Diary of an American Soldier in the Philippines • In writing home this New Yorker wrote that his unit “had killed 1,000 Filipinos-men, women, and children- in retaliation for the murder of a single American soldier....I am in my glory when I can sight my gun on some dark skin and pull the trigger.” • Estimates as high as 200k Filipinos die

  11. American-Filipino War (continue) • revolt crushed by 1902 - Independence deferred until 1946

  12. President McKinley Assassinated by Leon Czolgosz (1901)

  13. The Roosevelt Corollary (1904) • Foreign Policy objectives: - (pg 575)

  14. The Panama Canal • America’s interest in Canal • US obtain rights from France • Colombia rejected US offer • Roosevelt encourages rebellion • US recognizes Panama

  15. Roosevelt’s historic (1906) Completion (1914) - shortened voyage 1921- US pays Colombia $25 million Completion of the Canal

  16. Conclusion • US rise as a global power- control western hemisphere • Expanded navy & presence in world affairs • Giving the size, military & economic strength of America, many believed US should act as a police power in international affairs • What do you think? Agree or disagree?

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