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Genetics Vocabulary

Genetics Vocabulary. Genetics. - the study of heredity. Gregor Mendel-father of genetics. Heredity. The passing of traits from parents to offspring. Trait The specific forms of a characteristic that are passed on to offspring through genes. Gene

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Genetics Vocabulary

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  1. Genetics Vocabulary

  2. Genetics • - the study of heredity Gregor Mendel-father of genetics.

  3. Heredity • The passing of traits from parents to offspring.

  4. Trait • The specific forms of a characteristic that are passed on to offspring through genes. • Gene • A set of instructions for an inherited trait.

  5. Chromosome • Carries genetic information that controls inherited characteristics such as eye color.

  6. Allele • The different forms of a gene, such as dominant or recessive, represented by a letter. • Dominant is uppercase letter …….T • Recessive is lower case letter…….t

  7. Dominant allele • An allele whose trait is always visible when the allele is present. • Recessive allele • An allele whose trait is only visible when the dominant allele is not present. RR rr

  8. Heterozygous (Hybrid) • Two different alleles • (one dominant, one recessive) • Example: • Rr • Homozygous (purebred) • Two of the same alleles • (both dominant or both recessive) • Example: • RR or rr

  9. Phenotype • The physical characteristic of a person (visible trait) • Genotype • The genetic makeup or allele combinations rr RR

  10. Probability • The chance that something will happen. • Punnett square • A chart that shows all possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross.

  11. Pedigree • A tool for tracing traits through generations of a family. • 1/2 colored-carrier boy-square • colored-has trait girl-circle • empty-does not have trait

  12. Incomplete dominance • When one trait doesn’t dominate over the other but both alleles have an influence on the trait. • Blends traits • Co-dominance • A condition where neither allele is dominant and both alleles are expressed in the offspring. • Both traits appear

  13. Selective breeding • Process for selecting certain organisms to obtain a specific trait. • EX: • Small dog • Fast dogs • Short hair cats • Fast horses • Genetic Engineering • Genes from one organism are transferred into the DNA of another organism. • EX: • Insulin-human DNA into bacteria • meds

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