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Genetics Vocabulary: Understand Heredity and Traits

Explore the fundamental concepts in genetics with terms such as heredity, traits, alleles, and more. Learn about genetic inheritance, DNA, and the study of characteristics passed down from parents to offspring.

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Genetics Vocabulary: Understand Heredity and Traits

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  1. Genetics vocabulary

  2. Lab 54 vocabulary 1. Genetics- the study of heredity.

  3. 2. Characteristic: a feature or quality that helps to identify, tell apart, or describe a person or group of people. • Example: eye color

  4. 3. Trait- A different version of a characteristic • Example: brown eyes

  5. 4. Heredity: the passing of genetic traits from parents to offspring. • Ex. Having one parent’s eye color

  6. Lab 55 vocabulary 5. Inherited: traits that are passed from parents to children.

  7. 6. offspring- the genetic product of another organism Lab 55 vocabulary

  8. Lab 56 vocabulary • 7. gene- the inherited bits of information that are passed directly from the parents’ cells to the child’s cells

  9. Lab 57 vocabulary • 8. Asexual Reproduction: creating offspring using genetic information from one parent.

  10. 9. Sexual Reproduction: creating offspring using genetic information from two parents.

  11. 10. Mutation: a random change in a gene that causes the offspring to have a different trait from its parent/s.

  12. 11. Cloning: a form of artificial asexual reproduction

  13. 12. Fertilization: the union of a sperm and egg cell to produce a new and different offspring.

  14. Lab 58 • 13. hypothesis- an idea that is not proven but leads to further study or discussion

  15. 14. model- something or someone that is a very good example of something

  16. Lab 59 • 15. allele- one of two or more forms of a gene

  17. 16. dominant- the form of a gene that masks the affect of the other when both are present.

  18. 17. recessive- the form of a gene that is masked or not seen by the dominant allele.

  19. 18. random- occurring with no pattern

  20. 19. probability- the chance of something occuring.

  21. Lab 60 • 20. Gregor Mendel- an Austrian monk who first studied traits passed from parents to offspring.

  22. Lab 60 • 21. breeding – The mating of two individuals to produce offspring with a desired characteristic.

  23. Lab 61 • 22. homozygous – Having two of the same alleles such as TT or tt– “pure”.

  24. Lab 61 • 23. heterozygous – Having two different alleles such as Tt – “hybrid”.

  25. Lab 63 24. Chromosome- an organized structure of DNA and protein that is found in cells.

  26. Lab 63 • Genotype-the specific allele makeup of the individual Ex: HH, Hh, hh

  27. Lab 63 • Phenotype- is any observable characteristic or trait of an organism What you see-blue eyes, brown hair…

  28. 25. DNA- (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. Located in a cell’s nucleus.

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