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The Road to War & The War of 1812

The Road to War & The War of 1812. Chapter 7, 8 th Grade, Glencoe. http://mywarof1812.com/images/splash_1.jpg. Barbary Pirates. Barbary Coast States – North African Nations Pirates Tripoli & Barbary States attacked European & American ships – Demanded a bribe or tribute to not attack ships

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The Road to War & The War of 1812

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  1. The Road to War & The War of 1812 Chapter 7, 8th Grade, Glencoe http://mywarof1812.com/images/splash_1.jpg

  2. Barbary Pirates • Barbary Coast States – North African Nations • Pirates Tripoli & Barbary States attacked European & American ships – Demanded a bribe or tribute to not attack ships • Capture the Philadelphia (U.S. ship); Stephen Decatur set the ship on fire to prevent the pirates from using to attack others • June 1805 – Tripoli agrees to not attack our ships, but U.S. has to pay $60,000 ransom for release of American prisoners

  3. American Neutrality is Violated • 1803 – Britain & France went to war again • Both the British & French stop American ships because they are selling goods to the “enemy”

  4. Limits on Trade • Embargo Act of 1807 • Forbade Americans to export or import goods • It cut off supplies to France & Britain, but it also hurt the U.S. • Embargo Act failed because U.S. sailors were out of work & farmers couldn’t sell their goods • U.S. couldn’t import sugar, tea, or molasses • Eventually U.S. agrees to trade with Britain & France again once they lift their trade restrictions against America • Napoleon tricks U.S. and continues to capture U.S. ships; some Americans call for war • 1808 – James Madison elected President

  5. Conflicts with Native Americans • Ohio becomes a state in 1803, but settlers still push onto Indian Territory -- this upset the Indians • Tecumseh & the Prophet thought Indians were too dependent on white trade goods (muskets, cloth, cooking pots, whiskey) • They called for the Indians to return to their old ways & resist white invaders; although they received support from the British • Tecumseh organized a Confederation of Indian Nations • 1811 – General Harrison, governor of Indian Territory, leads attack on Prophetstown on the Tippecanoe River to stop Tecumseh from expanding his confederation • No clear winner, but white celebrate; Tecumseh flees to British-held Canada Tecumseh & the Prophet http://www.wvec.k12.in.us/battle/prophet.gif http://smcdsb.on.ca/mdy/Tecumseh.gif

  6. War Hawks • War Hawks = members of Congress from the South & West who called for war with Britain • Reasons War Hawks Wanted War • To Seize Canada • To stop British seizure of American ships • To demonstrate the strength of the U.S. • To take Florida from Spain, Britain’s ally • To end British aid to Native Americans • War Hawks thought war would bring peace & safety to the Frontier and dreamed of more land • Those opposed to war don’t want extra taxes & are concerned about British attacking U.S. ports http://members.tripod.com/~war1812/WARHAWKS.JPG

  7. War of 1812 • U.S. declares war on Britain – June, 1812 • Britain still at war with France • Pres. Jefferson reduced spending on military/defense = U.S. not ready for war • Few regular troops = relied on volunteers • British blockaded American ports to stop Americans from trading with other countries • U.S. navy too small & couldn’t break through http://www.tngenweb.org/bedford/war1812.JPG

  8. Battles • American General William Hull was unsuccessful at invading Canada • American Captain Oliver Hazard Perry was successful at seizing control of Lake Erie & capturing several ships (1813) • Andrew Jackson able to win the Battle of Horseshoe Bend (1814) against the Creeks • Native Americans lose more land to whites Andrew Jackson http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Andrew_Jackson.jpeg/180px-Andrew_Jackson.jpeg http://www.geocities.com/Area51/Shire/6423/Ships/1812.jpg

  9. Final Battles • 1814- Britain defeats France & send more troops & ships against the U.S. • British win battle in Maryland & then march on Washington, D.C. • British burn White House & other buildings • Dolley Madison (President’s wife) able gather important paper of pres. & portrait of George Washington from White House • Battle of Fort McHenry – inspired American Francis Scott Key to write Star Spangle Banner • Battle of New Orleans – British attack Jan. 8, 1815 -- 2,000 British die; 7 American’s die & Andrew Jackson is a hero • Could have been avoided because U.S. & Britain signed a treaty in Europe 2 weeks before http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/05/images/0920Burn.jpg

  10. Results of the War of 1812 • Treaty of Ghent (Belgium) • Pre-war conditions were restored • USA gained respect from rest of the world. • The US showed how tough they were. • Andrew Jackson became a national hero. http://teachpol.tcnj.edu/amer_pol_hist/fi/00000071.jpg

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