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Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration. How does your body get energy?. EATING!. When we eat, our food is broken down in our bodies to get energy out of it. What does energy look like in your cells?. In cells, energy is stored in the form of ATP !. ATP = A denosine T ri p hosphate.

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Cellular Respiration

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  1. Cellular Respiration

  2. How does your body get energy?

  3. EATING! When we eat, our food is broken down in our bodies to get energy out of it.

  4. What does energy look like in your cells? In cells, energy is stored in the form of ATP!

  5. ATP = Adenosine Triphosphate One big molecule that is made of 5 smaller molecules bonded together. Adenine, ribose, and 3 phosphate groups

  6. How does ATP give cells energy? ATP breaks apart and releases its energy. ENERGY!!!

  7. When ATP breaks apart, it releases energy and loses a phosphate group. That means that it is now ADP

  8. So, after ATP breaks apart and releases its energy, then what happens? Energy ATP ?????? ADP

  9. It is recharged ADP uses energy and gains an extra P and is recharged back to ATP ADP ATP Energy Energy Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Partially charged battery Fully charged battery

  10. What happens to a phosphate bond when energy is… Released? Phosphate bond is broken Stored? Phosphate bond is formed

  11. How do our bodies take food and make it into energy?

  12. Cellular Respiration! Cellular respiration is a chemical process in which glucose molecules are broken down to release energy (ATP) for cellular functions

  13. Like photosynthesis, cellular respiration has a specific chemical reaction that happens every time. +  We breathe out carbon dioxide We breathe in oxygen and get glucose from our food O2 + C6H12O6 CO2 + H2O + Energy (ATP) (reactants) (products)

  14. Cellular respiration can be divided into 2 main parts. • Anaerobic respiration • Aerobic respiration

  15. Anaerobic Respiration Happens in the cytoplasm of a cell Does NOT need oxygen!

  16. Aerobic Respiration Happens in the mitochondria of a cell Requires oxygen

  17. The steps in cellular respiration… Step 1: Glycolysis

  18. Glycolysis ____ ___ glucose to break apart cytoplasm Glycolysis is an anaerobic respiration process… cytoplasm Therefore, glycolysis happens in the ___________ and does NOT require ________. oxygen

  19. Glycolysis (breaking apart glucose) 1. Food (glucose) enters the cytoplasm of the cell. cytoplasm

  20. Glycolysis (breaking apart glucose) 2. Enzymes break glucose into 2 molecules. This part uses 2 ATP molecules!! 2 ATP + GLUCOSE 2 PYRUVIC ACIDS

  21. Glycolysis (breaking apart glucose) 3. When the bonds in glucose break, energy is released and stored in 4 ATP!!

  22. Glycolysis makes4 ATP and uses2 ATP *** The net gain of glycolysis is 2 ATP***

  23. Recap! The products of glycolysis are… Pyruvate 2 ATP’s

  24. After finishing glycolysis the cell has only taken out 10% of one glucose molecule! Therefore, the process must continue!!!

  25. The steps in cellular respiration… Step 1: Glycolysis Step 2: ???????????? The next step depends on what the conditions of the cell are.

  26. Glycolysis Is there is oxygen available to the cell? YES! NO! Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration

  27. Aerobic Respiration (1 Glucose) (2 Pyruvates) The products of glycolysis move into the mitochondria where they are used for aerobic respiration.

  28. Aerobic Respiration During aerobic respiration, 2 processes take place in the mitochondria. • Kreb’s Cycle • Electron Transport Chain

  29. The Krebs Cycle KREBS CYCLE!

  30. Electron Transport Chain Uses high energy electrons to convert ADP to ATP. Also forms water!

  31. Together the Krebs Cycle and the Electron Transport Chain make 34 ATP molecules! ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP

  32. Aerobic Respiration O2 + C6H12O6 CO2 + H2O + Energy (ATP) Made in Krebs Cycle Made in Electron Transport Chain TOTAL PRODUCTS: • CO2 • H2O • ATP

  33. Glycolysis Is there is oxygen available to the cell? YES! NO! Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration

  34. Anaerobic Respiration Releasing energy from food molecules by producing ATP WITHOUT oxygen Remember, anaerobic respiration happens in the ___________. cytoplasm

  35. 2 types of Anaerobic Respiration • Lactic Acid Fermentation • Alcoholic Fermentation

  36. Lactic Acid Fermentation Occurs in ANIMAL cells when oxygen is ABSENT Occurs during rapid periods of exercise when the body cannot supply enough oxygen to the tissues/muscles

  37. Why do our muscles burn after we workout? Lactic acid fermentation taking place in our muscles!

  38. Alcoholic Fermentation Occurs is PLANT cells and YEAST in the ABSENCE of oxygen

  39. How does yeast make bread rise? One of the products of alcoholic fermentation is carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide makes the little air pockets in bread and makes it rise.

  40. Anaerobic Respiration O2 + C6H12O6 CO2 + H2O + Energy (ATP) Even though anaerobic respiration is completed in a different way, the products are the same as in aerobic respiration!!!!! TOTAL PRODUCTS: • CO2 • H2O • ATP

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