1 / 39

Evolution 0.9: The Evolution of the U.S. Peering Ecosystem

Evolution 0.9: The Evolution of the U.S. Peering Ecosystem. William B. Norton Co-Founder & Chief Technical Liaison Equinix, Inc. Gigabit Peering Forum VII Herndon, VA September 9, 2003. Internet Researcher. Four Years of Research

elam
Download Presentation

Evolution 0.9: The Evolution of the U.S. Peering Ecosystem

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Evolution 0.9:The Evolution of the U.S. Peering Ecosystem William B. Norton Co-Founder & Chief Technical Liaison Equinix, Inc. Gigabit Peering Forum VII Herndon, VA September 9, 2003

  2. Internet Researcher • Four Years of Research • Document Internet Operations Practices – Interconnect/Peering/IXes/etc. • Research Process – Focus with Community and • Write White Paper version M.m • Walk throughs & Feedback • Fix/Update Paper • 200 Walkthroughs later – a document reflecting community Internet Operations knowledge So far 6 White Papers

  3. Internet Operations White Papers • “Interconnection Strategies for ISPs” • “Internet Service Providers and Peering” • “A Business Case for Peering” • “The Art of Peering: The Peering Playbook” • “The Peering Simulation Game” • “Do ATM-based Internet Exchanges Make Sense Anymore?” Freely available. Send e-mail to wbn@equinix.com New white Paper: The Evolution of the U.S. Peering Ecosystem, Agenda…

  4. Agenda The Evolution of the Internet Peering Ecosystem • The Internet Peering Ecosystem Environment • Each Player, their Motivations, their Behavior • Four Major Events, led to … • Three Major Evolutions in the Peering Ecosystem

  5. The Evolution of the U.S. Peering Ecosystem Act I: 1998-2000

  6. The Internet Peering Ecosystem • The Environment • The Players • Their role in the Peering Ecosystem • Their behavior in the Peering Ecosystem • Their relationship to others in the Peering Ecosystem • The Evolution of the Peering Ecosystem

  7. The Internet Peering Ecosystem • Many “Internet Regions” (usually defined by geopolitical boundaries) • Each with its own Peering Ecosystem consisting of • Tier 1 ISPs • Tier 2 ISPs • Content Players and Enterprises

  8. Interconnect Regions • Large Internet Regions have multiple geographical areas where ISPs peer

  9. Player: Tier 1 ISPs Def: A Tier 1 ISP is an ISP that has access to the entire Regional Internet routing table solely through Peering Relationships (I.e. doesn’t buy transit from anyone).

  10. Tier 1 Peering • Full Mesh Peering among Tier 1 ISPs within each Interconnect Region

  11. Some Tier 1 ISPs in the U.S.

  12. Tier 1 Peering Across the U.S. 8 Interconnect Regions

  13. Tier 1 Peering Motivations • Generally not interested to peer with anyone else • They already get the traffic for free • They may be foregoing revenue (they could sell transit) • They don’t want to give away that which differentiates them

  14. Player: Tier 2 ISP Def: A Tier 2 ISP is an ISP that purchases (and therefore resells) transit within an Internet Region.

  15. Tier 2 ISP Peering Motivations • Reduce transit costs • Improve Performance • Greater control over routing

  16. Tier 2 Peering • Sparse Mesh Peering in each Interconnect Region

  17. Tier 2 ISPs • Widely varying characteristics and behaviors • Scope: Global, National, Regional, Local • Underfunded to well funded • Food fights to solid relationships within the community • Big Peoples Table and Little Peoples Table perhaps a bad generalization

  18. The Content Provider and Enterprise Player • Always buy transit • Focus on Content • Focus on Service • Few Network Engineers • SLAs valuable

  19. The Internet Peering Ecosystem

  20. Peering Inclinations and Peering Policies • Def: A Peering Inclination is a predilection towards or against peering as demonstrated by Peering behavior in a Peering Ecosystem • Def: A Peering Policy documents and defines the prerequisites to peering.

  21. Four types of Peering Inclination • Open Peering – Anyone, Anywhere • Selective Peering – Some Requirements • Restrictive Peering – No • No Peering – No, prefer buying transit

  22. The Evolution of the U.S. Peering Ecosystem Act II: 2000-2003

  23. Evolution of the U.S. Peering Ecosystem Four key events leading to drastic disruption in the Peering Ecosystem: • The 1999/2000 Telecom Collapse • The growth of the Used Equipment Market • The Upstream Provider for the Cable Companies (@Home) went bankrupt • Peer-to-Peer file sharing systems (like Kazaa) grow in popularity, traffic grows exponentially between Access Providers (1.5MB MP3  700MB AVI files) Leads to 3 Major Evolutions

  24. Evolution #1 – Cable Companies are Peering • 40% of traffic Kazaa • 3-5 Gbps of transit traffic-> Gbps of peering potential ! Significant because • Volume • Open Peering • Kazaa Effect

  25. U.S. Cable Companies Eyeballs

  26. AOL

  27. 1998-2000 Tier 1 ISPs $ Transit Tier 2 ISPs Thickness represents In-Group Peering Content

  28. 2000-2003 Evolution #1 – Cable Companies Peering Tier 1 ISPs CableCos Peering Tier 2 ISPs Content

  29. Evolution #2 – Network Savvy Large Scale Content Companies get into Peering • To reduce transit costs • To improve the end user experience • They need to move out of bankrupt colo anyway Significant because • Volume of traffic is huge • Content Providers have Open Peering • Leading players pave the way

  30. 1998-2000 Tier 1 ISPs $ Transit Tier 2 ISPs Thickness represents In-Group Peering Content

  31. 2000-2003 Evolution #2 – Large Scale Network Savvy Content Peers Tier 1 ISPs Tier 2 ISPs LSNSC Content

  32. Other Broadband Players • Significant, but… • Not Open Peers so disincentive to peer • So less volume and less disruptive

  33. Evolution #3 – Cable Companies Freely Peer with Content Companies • Content literally on the Cable Company Network • Lowest possible latency from content to eyeballs • Internet Gaming, Broadband Streaming, etc.

  34. 1998-2000 Tier 1 ISPs $ Transit Tier 2 ISPs Thickness represents In-Group Peering Content

  35. 2000-2003 Evolution #1 – Cable Companies Peering Tier 1 ISPs CableCos Tier 2 ISPs Content

  36. 2000-2003 Evolution #2 – Large Scale Network Savvy Content Peers Tier 1 ISPs Tier 2 ISPs LSNSC Content

  37. 2000-2003 Evolution #3 – Cable Peers with Large Scale Network Savvy Content Tier 1 ISPs CableCos Tier 2 ISPs LSNSC Content

  38. International Dynamics – Separate White Paper JP U.S. U.S. Tier 1 ISPs are Tier 2 ISPs in Japan Internet Region Japan Tier 1 ISPs are Tier 2 ISPs in the U.S. Internet Region

  39. 2003 Peering Ecosystem Evolving Summary Excite@Home

More Related