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Aviation Weather Services Utilizing GOES Satellite Data

Discover how the Aviation Weather Center integrates GOES satellite data for forecasting thunderstorms, turbulence, aircraft icing, volcanic ash, and more. Learn about the Global Convective Diagnostic method and remote detection of in-flight icing. Explore the use of multiple satellite channels for wind tracking and cloud visibility in aviation operations.

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Aviation Weather Services Utilizing GOES Satellite Data

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  1. Satellites and NWS Aviation ActivitiesMark AndrewsNWS HeadquartersOCWWS/Meteorological Services Div. Aviation Weather Services BranchFrederick R. MosherNWS/NCEP/Aviation Weather Center

  2. GOES Satellite Data • GOES data continually used in aviation forecast operations. • AWC has a direct readout facility. • GOES data is used in conjunction with other observations and forecast data. • Local imaging processing of GOES digital data adds to its value

  3. GOES Antennas

  4. GOES Receivers and Ingestors

  5. GOES Ingest Monitors

  6. AWC Forecast Desk

  7. Aviation is Weather Sensitive • Thunderstorms • Turbulence • Aircraft Icing • Volcanic Ash • Head/Tail Winds • Clouds/Restricted Visibility

  8. Thunderstorms • GOES data used to integrate and make sense of other observations.

  9. Long Range Lightning Data Alone

  10. Lightning Data +GOES IR Bad lightning data Elongated data

  11. Thunderstorms • GOES data used to integrate and make sense of other observations. • Pattern recognition of anvil patterns.

  12. GOES IR with Temperature Enhancement

  13. Thunderstorms • GOES data used to integrate and make sense of other observations. • Pattern recognition of anvil patterns. • Derived thunderstorm products such as Global Convective Diagnostic (GCD).

  14. Global Convective Diagnostic (GCD) • New GCD method makes use of temperature difference between the infrared and water vapor channels. These channels are available on all geostationary satellites. • GCD processed at AWC from Direct Readout digital data.

  15. GCD ThunderstormDetection Tir=Twv Tir>Twv

  16. GCD Thunderstorm Detection Example (1 deg difference)

  17. Global Convective Product (GCD) now available on AWC web page http://aviationweather.gov/gcd/

  18. South American GCD

  19. Turbulence • Overlay of Pilot reports on Water Vapor • Pattern Recognition: Jet cores, transverse banding of clouds, water vapor image darkening, location of troughs and ridges, etc. See Gary Ellrod’s papers for details.

  20. Water Vapor Image with Overlaid Pilot Reports and Ellrod Index Moderate turbulence Ellrod Index Jet core

  21. Aircraft Icing • In flight icing caused by by supercooled water droplets within clouds. Remote detection is still not solved problem. • Current Icing Potential (CIP) product uses GOES cloud information to edit model relative humidity and temperature information.

  22. CIP with Pilot Reports

  23. NCAR Experimental Satellite Icing Product

  24. Volcanic Ash Detection • GOES satellite images main tool for detection and tracking of ash. • Multiple channels are used to detect the ash depending on the situation. • Visible Channel • 11-12 micron difference. • 3.9, 11, 13, visible multispectral products.

  25. Visible Channel Ash Detection

  26. 11-12 Micron Difference Ash Image

  27. 3.9-11-12 Ash Product (NESDIS)

  28. AWC Four Channel Ash Product

  29. Winds Affect Flight Times and Fuel Consumption • Flight Planning requires accurate knowledge of winds at flight levels. • Winds obtained from radiosondes, aircraft, temperature soundings, and feature tracked winds from satellite images. • Infrared, visible, and water vapor images used for feature tracked winds.

  30. Water Vapor Winds

  31. Clouds/Restricted Visibility • Flying into the ground/mountains is the most frequent weather related fatality for general aviation pilots. • Night time Fog image (3.9-11 micron) has been a major improvement in monitoring fog and low cloud situations.

  32. Fog image at night with surface IFR/VFR observations overlay

  33. Fog Image Just Before Sunrise

  34. Vis Image Just After Sunrise

  35. Vis Image 1 Hr Later

  36. Summary • GOES satellite data is widely used in detection of aviation weather hazards. • Direct readout facilities allow for local image processing of products for local use. • Additional information/programs for aviation related image processing available from Frederick.R.Mosher@noaa.gov

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