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THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Learn about the crucial functions of the respiratory system, including gas exchange, air filtration, and vocal sound production. Explore the control mechanisms of respiration and the parts of the upper and lower respiratory tracts. Discover the events of respiration, the mechanics of breathing, and lung capacity.

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THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

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  1. THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

  2. FUNCTIONS of the respiratory system: • obtaining oxygen & removing carbon dioxide = gas exchange • filtering incoming air • controlling the temp & water content of incoming air • producing vocal sounds • plays important roles in the sense of smell & regulation of blood pH

  3. Ultimate GOAL= • provide body cells with O2 for cellular respiration (using O2 to break glucose & form ATP)

  4. CONTROL OF RESPIRATION • usually respiration is involuntary • the respiratory center is in the brain stem & includes portions of the pons & medulla oblongata • medulla oblongata responds to higher levels of CO2 in blood by sending nerve impulses to the rib muscles & the diaphragm, causing these muscles to contract & you inhale

  5. PARTS of the respiratory system: upper respiratory tract • nose w/ 2 nostrils & nose hairs for filtering • nasal cavity / nasal passages • divided into R & L by the nasal septum (may be deviated) • lined with mucous membrane • paranasal sinuses = air-filled spaces in the bones of the skull • pharynx = a passageway for air & food

  6. UPPER respiratory tract

  7. PARTS of the respiratory system: lower respiratory tract • larynx = contains the vocal cords • trachea = “windpipe” • bronchial tree – branched air passages that lead from the trachea to the air sacs, or alveoli

  8. parts of the respiratory system: LOWER respiratory tract • 2 lungs: the right lung has 3 lobes & the has 2 lobes • bronchi branch like a tree (bronchusbronchioles alveoli)

  9. lower respiratory tract

  10. alveoliare the sacs of the lungs where O2 & CO2 are exchanged by diffusion between the air and blood • surrounded by networks of capillaries • walls of capillaries and alveoli only 1 cell thick

  11. the EVENTS of respiration: • breathing / ventilation = moving air into or out of the lungs • external respiration = gas exchange between blood & the air in the lungs • internal respiration = gas exchange between blood & body cells

  12. THE MECHANICS OF BREATHING • breathing accomplished via the action of the diaphragm & the muscles between the ribs & is assisted by air pressure • diaphragm contracts & rib cage rises creates a vacuum and air is drawn into lungs • diaphragm relaxes and ribs lower  exhalation

  13. healthy lungs are elastic - they stretch as you inhale & go back to their original size when you exhale • they are never completely empty – even after exhaling

  14. lung capacity: • tidal volume = the amount of air that moves in during a respiratory cycle (1 inhalation + 1 exhalation) • residual volume = air remaining in lungs after a maximal exhale • vital capacity = the maximum amount of air a person can exhale after taking in the deepest breath possible • total lung capacity = the vital capacity + the residual volume

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