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Skeletal System

Learn about the bones of the skeletal system and how they function. Explore the axial skeleton, facial bones, vertebral column, sternum, ribs, appendicular skeleton, shoulder girdle, arm bones, and bones of the wrist and hand.

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Skeletal System

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  1. Skeletal System LEQ: • How do the bones of the • skeletal system work? How do the bones of the skeletal system work?

  2. Skeletal System Activator: Please Do Now… Turn to the graphic organizer on page 24-28 in your Skeletal System packet. • Find the column marked “Bone”. • Simply read down through the list of bones and place a star next to those that you are not familiar with. How do the bones of the skeletal system work?

  3. Skeletal System Axial Skeleton • Student Activity: Integrated Literacy Instructions: • Bones of the Axial Skeleton • (Pages 24-26) 1. Read about the bones of the Axial Skeleton with a partner and underline any key vocabulary that will help you find the bone • 2. Turn to pages 29 and 30 and identify the bones of the Axial Skeleton. How do the bones of the skeletal system work?

  4. Skeletal SystemAxial Skeleton • Cranial Bones • Frontal - forms part of the cranial cavity as well as the forehead. • Parietal (left and right) - forms the superior and lateral parts of the cranium Parietal Frontal How do the bones of the skeletal system work?

  5. Skeletal SystemAxial Skeleton • Cranial Bones • Occipital - forms the posterior and inferior portions of the cranium • Temporal (left and right) - forms the lateral walls of the cranium Parietal Frontal Temporal Occipital How do the bones of the skeletal system work?

  6. Skeletal SystemAxial Skeleton Facial Bones • Mandible - lower jawbone, it is the largest and strongest facial bone. The only movable skull bone. • Maxilla - upper jawbone; articulates with every bone except the mandible. Maxilla (Upper Jaw) Mandible (Lower Jaw) How do the bones of the skeletal system work?

  7. Skeletal SystemAxial Skeleton for learning 4. Frontal 1. Parietal 2. Temporal 3. Occipital 5. Maxilla 6. Mandible How do the bones of the skeletal system work?

  8. Skeletal SystemAxial Skeleton • The Vertebral Column • (spine or backbone) Vertebrae - A series of bones that makes up two-fifths of the total height of the body. How do the bones of the skeletal system work?

  9. Skeletal SystemAxial Skeleton The Vertebral Column Divided into five regions that contain 26 bones • Cervical - Contains seven vertebrae in the upper neck • Thoracic - Contains 12 vertebrae in the middle of the back. How do the bones of the skeletal system work?

  10. Skeletal SystemAxial Skeleton The Vertebral Column • Lumbar - contains five lumbar vertebrae located in the lower back. • Sacrum - one bone consisting of five fused vertebrae • Coccyx - consists of four fused vertebrae. Coccyx How do the bones of the skeletal system work?

  11. Skeletal SystemAxial Skeleton for learning 7. Cervical Vertebrae 12. Thoracic Vertebrae 10. Lumbar Vertebrae 11. Sacrum 13. Coccyx How do the bones of the skeletal system work?

  12. Skeletal SystemAxial Skeleton Sternum Flat, narrow bone located on the anterior midline of the thoracic wall • Parts of the Sternum: • Manubrium • Body of the sternum • Xiphoid Process How do the bones of the skeletal system work?

  13. Skeletal SystemAxial Skeleton Ribs Divided into three categories: • True Ribs - first 7 ribs on each side of the sternum • False Ribs - next 3 ribs on each side of sternum; connected to last true rib • Floating Ribs - last 2 sets of ribs; not connected in front How do the bones of the skeletal system work?

  14. Skeletal SystemAxial Skeleton 9. Ribs for learning 8. Sternum True Ribs Manubrium Body of the Sternum Xiphoid Process False Ribs Floating Ribs How do the bones of the skeletal system work?

  15. Skeletal SystemAxial Skeleton Summarizer:Give 3 / Get 3 • Identify 3 bones of the axial skeleton: name them and show your partner where they are located in your body. How do the bones of the skeletal system work?

  16. Skeletal System • Activator: Literacy Activity • Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton • (Pages 26-28) 1. Read about the bones of the Appendicular Skeleton with a partner and underline any key vocabulary that will help you find the bone. 2. Turn to pages 25-26 and identify the bones of the Appendicular Skeleton. Appendicular Skeleton How do the bones of the skeletal system work?

  17. Skeletal SystemAppendicular Skeleton Shoulder Girdle: • Clavicle (collarbone) - lies horizontally in the superior and anterior part of the thorax. • Scapula (shoulder blade) - a large, triangular, flat bone situated in the superior part of the posterior thorax. How do the bones of the skeletal system work?

  18. Skeletal SystemAppendicular Skeleton Bones of the Arm: • Humerus - longest bone of the arm • Ulna - medial side of the forearm (in the anatomical position). The bony point of the elbow, is actually the tip the ulna bone. Think pinky side. • Radius - Located on the lateral side of the forearm (in the anatomical position). Think thumb side. How do the bones of the skeletal system work?

  19. Skeletal SystemAppendicular Skeleton Bones of the Wrist & Hand • Carpals - wrist bones • Metacarpals - bones of the hand • Phalanges - bones of the fingers How do the bones of the skeletal system work?

  20. Skeletal SystemAppendicular Skeleton 14 clavicle 20 scapula 15 humerus 17 radius 16 ulna 22 carpals 18 metacarpals 19 phalanges How do the bones of the skeletal system work?

  21. Skeletal SystemAppendicular Skeleton Pelvic Girdle • Illium - largest of the three parts of the hip bone. Top of the hips. • Ischium - inferior, posterior portion of the hip bone. • Pubis - The anterior and inferior part of the hip bone. How do the bones of the skeletal system work?

  22. Skeletal SystemAppendicular Skeleton Bones of the legs • Femur (thighbone) - longest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the body. • Patella (kneecap) - small triangular bone • Tibia (shin bone) larger, medial, weight bearing bone of the lower leg. • Fibula – smaller, posterior bone of the lower leg. How do the bones of the skeletal system work?

  23. Skeletal SystemAppendicular Skeleton Calcaneus Bones of the ankle & foot • Tarsals – ankle bones • Metatarsals – bones of the foot • Phalanges – toes • Calcaneus– heel bone and largest and strongest tarsal bone. Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges How do the bones of the skeletal system work?

  24. Skeletal SystemAppendicular Skeleton for learning 21 pelvis 23 femur 28 patella 24 tibia 25 fibula 29 calcaneus 26 tarsals 30 metatarsals 27 phalanges How do the bones of the skeletal system work?

  25. Skeletal SystemAppendicular Skeleton Summarizing Strategy: Partner Activity Now let’s answer our essential question: • What are the different bones of the skeletal system? How do the bones of the skeletal system work?

  26. Skeletal SystemAxial and Appendicular Skeletons Review Activity: “Bone Guess Who” Instructions: Please complete your “Bone Guess Who” game cards (information is found on pp. 24-30) and study for the ID test! Practice Test pp. 80-81. Create your own word bank. How do the bones of the skeletal system work?

  27. Skeletal Guess Who?? Questions to ask your partner: 1. Is your bone part of the axial or appendicular skeleton (choose one)? 2. Is your bone a (choose one): long bone, short bone, flat bone, irregular bone, sesamoid bone? • Is your bone located in the (choose one): arm, wrist, hand, leg, ankle, foot, torso, shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle, skull, spine. • (Ask if needed) Is there another name for this bone the: tailbone, knee cap, thigh bone, shin bone, breast bone, wrist bones, ankle bones? • Is your bone the… How do the bones of the skeletal system work?

  28. 31 bones How do the bones of the skeletal system work?

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