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Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience

Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience. Jieh Hsiang ( 項潔 ) University Librarian, Professor of Computer Science, National Taiwan University 11 April 2007. Outline. Classification of digital collections 實體館藏的數位化 Digitization of library’s collections

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Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience

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  1. Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience Jieh Hsiang (項潔) University Librarian, Professor of Computer Science, National Taiwan University 11 April 2007

  2. Outline • Classification of digital collections • 實體館藏的數位化 • Digitization of library’s collections • 實體館藏中新創的數位館藏 • Reincarnated digital collections from existing materials • 未擁有實體館藏的數位館藏 • Digitization of external collections • 原生數位型態(born digital)的數位館藏 • Collections of the born digital • Challenges ahead in management and use Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience (Jieh Hsiang)

  3. Classification of Digital Collections 實體館藏的數位化 Digitization of library’s collections 實體館藏中新創的數位館藏 Reincarnated digital collections from existing materials 未擁有實體館藏的數位館藏 Digitization of external collections 原生數位型態(born digital)的數位館藏 Collections of the born digital

  4. 實體館藏的數位化 • 特點: • 有實體館藏 • 實體館藏與數位館藏有一對一的對應 • 文化保存目的 • 延長實體館藏的壽命(尤其是特藏資料),亦能作為往後資料修復的參考依據 • 檢索使用目的 • 數位化得以全文檢索、分類與聚集檢索主題資訊,大幅提昇使用便利性 Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience (Jieh Hsiang)

  5. 實體館藏的數位化 • 館藏圖書數位化 • 中美百萬冊圖書數位化計畫 • OCR、fulltext search:Google Book Search, Microsoft Live Search Books • 特藏資料數位化 • 數位典藏(Digital Archives) • 將有價值的文物,透過數位化技術,將文物轉化成文字、影像、聲音或視訊等數位物件 Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience (Jieh Hsiang)

  6. 全文數位化有利於研究與教育 • 透過數位化技術,讓研究者得以方便查閱珍貴脆弱或不對外公開的文物及檔案,亦可可以透過網路方便查詢與瀏覽。 未修復的歷史檔案 修復後的歷史檔案 Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience (Jieh Hsiang)

  7. 實體館藏的數位化 • e.g. Dan-Xin Archives (淡新檔案) • Administrative and judicial archives during Qing Dynasty • Including documents of 1,600 legal cases, containing as many as 19,152 items • Dating from 1776 to 1895 • One of the only two judicial archives in China at the prefecture archive • Reveal many facets of Taiwanese society of the time • An important first-hand resource for the study of Taiwan economics, society structure, and law • What we have done • Image, metadata, full text, associated tools Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience (Jieh Hsiang)

  8. A document from Dan-Xin – Archives before repairing Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience (Jieh Hsiang)

  9. A document from Dan-Xin – Archives after repairing Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience (Jieh Hsiang)

  10. A document from Dan-Xin Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience (Jieh Hsiang)

  11. 實體館藏的數位化 • Challenges • Management of content • Cataloging • Use • Transform library automation system into digital content management system • Google-book-like search? • Title/author search is clearly not sufficient • Post-classification according to metadata Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience (Jieh Hsiang)

  12. 實體館藏中新創的數位館藏 • 舊籍圖書使用率相對偏低,不少已成為「靜止性」典藏 • 依據特定主題,以數位方式從現有實體館藏中聚集創造出新的數位藏品集合,賦予館藏新意義 • 特點: • 由實體館藏中根據不同主題或目的發展創新性的數位館藏 • 有實體館藏,亦有數位館藏,但二者間沒有一對一的對應性 Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience (Jieh Hsiang)

  13. 實體館藏中新創的數位館藏 • 例:臺灣老照片資料庫 • 從近五千冊舊籍館藏中選出40,000餘張 pre-1945年的臺灣照片 • 是獨特的臺灣老照片資料庫,填補此時期照片資料稀少的空缺 • 有完整的metadata,使用方便 • Cover a wide spectrum Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience (Jieh Hsiang)

  14. 實體館藏中新創的數位館藏 • 臺灣老照片資料庫 • 涵蓋了幾乎所有臺灣研究相關主題:政治、經濟、教育、衛生、交通、建築、植物、動物、礦產、農漁牧產、林業、文化(風俗、信仰)、語言、考古、文學、旅遊等。 Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience (Jieh Hsiang)

  15. Old photos of Taiwan Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience (Jieh Hsiang)

  16. Old photos of Taiwan 根據主題,將分散的館藏以數位方式集結在一起,能方便的搜尋、比對與分析,可能產生新的發現或不同的解讀意義 Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience (Jieh Hsiang)

  17. 實體館藏中新創的數位館藏 • Challenges • Management of content • Cataloging • Subject classification • Use • As before Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience (Jieh Hsiang)

  18. 未擁有實體館藏的數位館藏 • 藉由協助外部單位數位化所藏的資料,取得珍貴的文化資源 • 是圖書館館藏的 “新” 收藏方式與服務模式 • 資料要愈被研究與使用才會愈有價值— • 資料擁有者不見得同意捐贈實體資料 • 出借藏品給圖書館進行數位化,而後雙方互惠,各執一份數位化檔案 • 不是擁有實體資料才算館藏 • 達到文化保存與提供研究素材的責任 Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience (Jieh Hsiang)

  19. Judicial court records during Japanese period (1895-1945) • 包括高等法院及新竹、臺中、嘉義等地方法院之民事判決原本、民刑事案件登記簿、非訟事件及強制執行事件、公正證書原本、法人登記簿、和行政卷宗,共五千餘冊 • 完整呈現臺灣日治五十年法院的運作實況 • 可藉以探究法院如何透過判決,將清治時期的民間習慣,被轉化為日治時期的近代國家法規範;亦可從法院使用者的身份、性別、有無訴訟代理人、紛爭類型等,觀察當時的各種「法事實」 • Digitized using digital camera, already over 4 Terabytes Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience (Jieh Hsiang)

  20. Judicial court records during Japanese period (1895-1945) Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience (Jieh Hsiang)

  21. 查詢 “損害賠償” 共918筆 再縮小範圍查詢 “土地” 共29筆 Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience (Jieh Hsiang)

  22. Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience (Jieh Hsiang)

  23. 未擁有實體館藏的數位館藏 • 例:國民黨黨史館檔案 • 國民黨未公開之對日抗戰時期與亞洲周邊國家關係檔案、臺灣人士在大陸抗日活動檔案等「特種檔案」及其歷史檔案之「近代人物書札」等 • 資料量約20萬影幅 Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience (Jieh Hsiang)

  24. 國民黨黨史館檔案 查詢:台灣革命同盟會 結果:39筆 台灣革命同盟會成立案 Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience (Jieh Hsiang)

  25. 未擁有實體館藏的數位館藏 • Challenges • Management of content • New definition of a library’s collections • New collection development policy • New acquisition strategy • Cataloging • Use • As before Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience (Jieh Hsiang)

  26. 臺大圖書館的數位館藏 (partial list) Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience (Jieh Hsiang)

  27. 臺大圖書館的數位館藏 (partial list) Update: 2007/3/27 Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience (Jieh Hsiang)

  28. 原生數位型態(born digital)的數位館藏 • More and more born digital data generated—websites, ebooks, articles, journals, etc. • 在資訊時代,born digital 資源是重要的文化資產,對未來的研究者而言,極為重要,但也最難保存。 • 網頁典藏(Web Archiving) • 臺大學術資源網(NTU Scholars Gateway) • 機構典藏(Institutional Repository) Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience (Jieh Hsiang)

  29. Web Archiving • Website記錄當代社會的發展 (文化是 process,不是end product) • Website是born digital,存在於事件發生當時,消失後即無痕跡 • 網路資訊增加快速,也消失快速 • 每一個網頁平均壽命是44天至二年 • 1998年建立的網頁,到1999年有44%已經消失 • 網頁內容不斷更動,被取代的內容,可能具有研究價值 • 應保存的網路資訊: • 重要事件之 web documents, blogs(如 921地震、選舉活動) • 學校本身網站之 evolution 與紀錄 Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience (Jieh Hsiang)

  30. 臺大圖書館網站典藏庫 • 目前共典藏2415個網站: http://webarchive.lib.ntu.edu.tw/ • 295 個臺大相關 • 607 個政府機構 • 85 個事件議題 • 82 個焦點人物 • 347 個教育學術 • 415 個藝文相關 • 137 個政治相關 • 247 個科技經貿 • 190 個族群相關 • 119 個非營利社團 Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience (Jieh Hsiang)

  31. National Taiwan University (1997/07/15) Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience (Jieh Hsiang)

  32. National Taiwan University (2007/07/15) Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience (Jieh Hsiang)

  33. NTU Scholars Gateway • 網路上大量作假、錯誤資訊造成積非成是的效應,對社會與研究層面的影響會極為深遠 • Web publishing 造成 information overload。Library should be the last defense of scholarly materials • Library search as an alterative to Google search. • 針對不同研究學術領域,主動蒐集網路上優良的學術資源,並建立Google-like的查詢機制 • 使用者能透過圖書館的網站得到他所需要的高品質網路資訊,久而久之,他就會以圖書館為取得研究資源的第一選擇 • 使高品質網路資源變成館藏的一部份,亦能提高圖書館資源的使用率 Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience (Jieh Hsiang)

  34. NTU Scholars Gatewayhttp://sg.lib.ntu.edu.tw/ • 由教師及館員篩選優質學術網站 • 目前已篩選收錄1萬多個學術網站、2億多個網頁頁面 • 中英文資源各半 Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience (Jieh Hsiang)

  35. Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience (Jieh Hsiang)

  36. Institutional Repository • 一個機構(大學)將本身的研究產出,如期刊及會議論文、研究報告、投影片、教材等,以數位的方法保存並建立網路平台,提供查詢與使用 • 收錄資料以全文為主,並建立全文檢索機制 • 可以想像成一個以特定機構之研究產出為主要內容的 全文資料庫 • 臺大機構典藏(National Taiwan University Repository, http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/) • 以DSpace v1.4 為基礎,中文化並擴充功能 • 現已主動蒐集校內11學院教師之學術成果共約30,444筆著作,其中13,710篇為全文數位檔案 Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience (Jieh Hsiang)

  37. Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience (Jieh Hsiang)

  38. Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience (Jieh Hsiang)

  39. Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience (Jieh Hsiang)

  40. Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience (Jieh Hsiang)

  41. Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience (Jieh Hsiang)

  42. Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience (Jieh Hsiang)

  43. Major lesson learned from our IR experience

  44. DSpace doesn’t have to be so ugly

  45. 原生數位型態(born digital)的數位館藏 • Challenges • Management of content • Collection development policy • Overcome administrative barrier and faculty resistance (IR) • New perspective toward free web resource (web resource as gray literature?) • New technologies (especially “compression” in web archiving) • Use • New concept of incorporating web resources into library automation system and user environment Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience (Jieh Hsiang)

  46. 圖書館面對數位館藏的營運變革 落實實體與數位館藏並重的館藏發展策略 調整圖書館之技術服務流程與任務編組 開發各種數位館藏的使用服務

  47. 從實體館藏到數位館藏 • 數位館藏引發的問題: • 檢討館藏的定義 • 不僅是實體書籍才是館藏,各項數位化藏品也應該是圖書館館藏的一部份 • 館藏的使用方式 • 使用者習慣改變,逐漸習慣網路化的全文檢索 • 提供服務給不進圖書館的使用者 • 圖書館的重新定位與變革管理 • 化被動為主動,from information center to knowledge center • 組織架構的重整 • 服務方式的調整 • 館員的心態調整與工作技能再訓練 Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience (Jieh Hsiang)

  48. 實體與數位館藏並重的館藏發展 • 調整館藏發展策略 • 數位館藏應納入館藏發展範圍 • 落實實體與數位館藏並重的館藏發展策略 • 對數位館藏進行計量統計 • 使圖書館投入在數位館藏的成果,能充分反映在館藏量與使用量的統計中 • 館藏量指標 • 舊:入館人次、館藏借閱量、線上目錄檢索次數… • 新:加入電子書冊數、電子期刊種數、數位典藏件數… • 館藏使用量指標 • 舊:圖書冊數、期刊種數… • 新:加入各類網站到訪人次、各類資料庫及電子期刊檢索次數、電子全文下載次數… Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience (Jieh Hsiang)

  49. 調整人力資源、任務編組與服務流程 • 改變館員的心態 • 將數位館藏納入日常的館務處理管道內 • 調整圖書館組織架構或服務流程,使館員認知到蒐羅數位館藏並提供使用,本來就是圖書館業務中很自然的一部份 • 推展數位館藏觀念,館員的再訓練 • 讓館員認知數位館藏與實體館藏同等重要 • 增加館員的數位資訊觀念與操作能力 Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience (Jieh Hsiang)

  50. 調整人力資源、任務編組與服務流程 • 調整技術服務的流程與方法 • 採訪—數位資源浩瀚無邊,需有一套數位館藏的採訪流程與資料篩選機制 • 編目—各類型的數位館藏該如何編目、如何呈現於圖書館館藏目錄中 • 不再侷限於館內的讀者服務 • 服務不進圖書館的讀者,提供各種線上諮詢導引服務 • 提供更多電子資料庫或數位學習網站 • 走出館外,透過網路以更主動推播的方式服務學校師生 Creating, Managing and Using Digital Collections: The NTU Library Experience (Jieh Hsiang)

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