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Skeletal System

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Skeletal System

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  1. SKELETAL SYSTEM

  2. Functions of the Skeletal System Support and protection Body movement Blood cell formation = hemopoiesis (occurs in bone marrow) Storage of inorganic materials  (salt, calcium, potassium….)

  3. ORGANIZATION About 206 bones 2 Main Divisions – Axial & Appendicular

  4. Axial Skeleton Head, neck, trunk Skull Hyoid Bone Vertebral Column Thoracic Cage (ribs, 12 pairs) Sternum

  5. Hyoid Bone

  6. Appendicular Skeleton Limbs & Bones that connect to the Pectoral Girdle (scapula, clavicle, arms) Pelvic Girdle (coxal bones, legs)

  7. BONE STRUCTURE - Long Bone 1.Epiphysis (end) 2. Diaphysis (shaft) 3. Articular Cartilage (hyaline cartilage, padding) 4. Periosteum (membrane that covers entire bone)

  8. Inside the Long Bone 5. Medullary Cavity – hollow chamber filled with bone marrow Red Marrow (blood) Yellow Marrow (fat) Endosteum – lining of the medullary

  9. Types of Bone Tissue Compact (wall of the diaphysis) Spongy (cancellous, epiphysis) - red marrow

  10. Structure of a Long Bone Figure 6.3a-c

  11. * Assignment – Coloring of a Long Bone

  12. Review the Structure of a Long Bone Matching quiz at http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/ap/holehaap/student/olc2/chap07matching01.html

  13. Microscopic Structure Bone tissue is called OSSEOUS tissue- the matrix is composed of collagen and inorganic salts OSTEOCYTES  - mature bone cells, enclosed in tiny chambers called LACUNAE • these form rings called lamella around a HAVERSIAN CANAL which houses blood vessels CANALICULI - tiny canals that link osteocytes Haversian and Volkmann canals provide passageways for blood vessels

  14. Osteocytes Haversian Canal Volkmann’s Canal

  15. Compact Bone BONE COLORING!

  16. Test Yourself Find the... Haversian Canal Volkman's Canal Lamellae Spongy Bone Compact Bone

  17. BONE DEVELOPMENT & GROWTH • Intramembranous bones – flat, skull •  Endochondral bones – all other Bones first form as hyaline cartilage. The cartilage then gradually changes into bone tissue - a process called OSSIFICATION PRIMARY OSSIFICATION CENTER (shaft) SECONDARY OSSIFICATION CENTER (ends)

  18. Bone Development & Growth EPIPHYSEAL DISK  (growth plate) is a band of cartilage between the epiphysis and diaphysis These areas increase bone length as the cells ossify OSTEOBLASTS produce cells called osteocytes.

  19. RESORPTION OSTEOCLASTS - dissolve bone tissue to release minerals,  process is called RESORPTION

  20. Bone Growth

  21. Bone Growth * Assignment - Coloring of the Aging Hand

  22. Types of Joints (articulations) • Synarthrotic (not moveable, aka sutures) • Amphiarthrotic (slightly moveable, vertebrae) • Diarthrotic (moveable joint, aka synovial joints)

  23. Synovial fluid - fluid within the joints that helps to lubricate Types of Joints 1.  Ball and Socket 2.  Hinge 3.  Pivot 4.  Saddle

  24. BONES OF THE SKULL 1. Frontal -2. Parietal - 3. Occipital -4. Temporal - 5. Sphenoid - 6. Maxilla - 7. Mandible - 8. Zygomatic -

  25. Sutures - connection points 1. Coronal - between frontal and parietal bones2. Lambdoidal - between occipital and parietal bones3. Squamosal - between temporal and parietal bones4. Sagittal - between parietal bones

  26. Suture - refers to any connection between large bones (in fetal skulls, these are called fontanels) Fissure - any wide gap between bones

  27. Fontanels are “soft spots” on an infant’s skull

  28. TOPOGRAPHY OF THE SKULL Foramen - refers to any opening in the skull, nerves and blood vessels leave this opening to supply the face Foramen Magnum Mental Foramen

  29. Foramen Magnum * Assignment: Skull Labeling

  30. Figure 6.10

  31. Figure 6.10

  32. The Rest of the Bones

  33. Vertebrae Neck = cervical Middle Back = thoracic Lower Back = lumbar

  34. Thoracic Cage

  35. Pectoral Girdle

  36. Bones of the Arm Ulna goes to pinky  (P-U) Radius goes to thumb

  37. Wrist Bones For test Carpels Metacarpals Phalanges *extra credit opportunity

  38. Name the carpals for extra credit on test.

  39. Pelvic Girdle

  40. two large COXAL BONES - separated

  41. Bones of the Leg Upper Leg Kneecap Lower Leg

  42. Bones of the Ankle Ankle and Upper foot - 7 bones called Tarsals Large heel bone is the calcaneous Foot = metatarsals Toes = phalanges Assignment – Skeleton Labeling

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