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The Scientific Revolution

The Scientific Revolution, occurring between 1550-1700 in Europe, marked a profound shift in cultural and intellectual thought, challenging traditional beliefs rooted in the Church and ancient authorities like Ptolemy and Aristotle. Key figures such as Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, and Newton introduced groundbreaking ideas, including the heliocentric model and the laws of motion. This period emphasized observation, experimentation, and the scientific method, laying the groundwork for modern science, influencing the Enlightenment, and leading into the Industrial Revolution.

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The Scientific Revolution

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  1. The Scientific Revolution

  2. Standard • Standard 3: History: WORLD HISTORY-Understand important historical events from classical civilization through the present

  3. Benchmark • Examine the major developments in European cultural and intellectual history, including the Renaissance, Reformation, Enlightenment, and Scientific Revolution

  4. Background (Connections) • Reformation-challenge Church spiritual doctrine. • Challenge Church teachings in other areas. • Age of Exploration-made Europeans think not center of world. • Renaissance-spirit of curiosity, ways of expression.

  5. Scientific Revolution • What: New way of thinking about physical universe (looking at world). • Rejected knowledge based on tradition. • Use reason, observation and experiments. • When, where: 1550 t0 1700 Europe. Italy, Germany, France, England. • Sig: further broke power of Catholic Church, changed people’s view of universe, self.

  6. Astronomy-Pre-S.R • Ptolemy-Greek astronomer, 200 C.E. • Taught everything revolved around earth in perfect circles-geocentric. • No imperfections in universe. • Matched teachings of Church. • Significance-common belief until 1550 about universe.

  7. Ptolemy’s Universe

  8. Astronomy during S.R. • Nicolas Copernicus-1542, Polish astronomer. • Sig: came up with heliocentric theory. • Heliocentric-sun-centered model of the solar system. • How does this reject Ptolemy’s theory?

  9. Astronomy (con’t) • Johannes Kepler-German astronomer, 1588. • Planets moved in elliptical orbit. • How does this reject Ptolemy’s theory?

  10. Astronomy (con’t) • Galileo Galilei-Italian astronomer. • Discovered lumps on moon, sun spots, motion differences. • Sig: Openly confirmed Copernicus’ teaching, got him in trouble with Catholic Church. • How do his findings reject Ptolemy’s theory?

  11. Scientific Method • Before-Relied on authorities like Ptolemy, Aristotle, the Church, the Bible. • During S.R.-depended on observation and experimentation. • Collect and accurately analyze data and test it.

  12. 7 step scientific method

  13. Isaac Newton • English scientist, 1650s • Discovered Law of Gravity. • Gravity is force that keeps planets revolving around sun. • Motion can be measured and described using math.

  14. Isaac Newton • Discovered 3 Laws of Motion. • Inventor of Calculus. • Sig: Considered leading scientist of Scientific Revolution.

  15. Medical Advances • Andreas Vesalius-provided first accurate and detailed study of human anatomy. • William Harvey-showed how heart pumps blood through veins and arteries.

  16. Wrap-Up • Moving to science based on observation and experimentation. • Led to search for scientific laws in universe. • Apply laws to human nature? • Led to Enlightenment. • Use reason-natural laws • Led to Industrial Revolution. • Applied science to improve inventions.

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