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Elements and the Periodic Table: Understanding Patterns and Properties

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  1. Chapter 3 Elements and the Periodic Table

  2. The Periodic Table • Dmitri Mendeleev: Russian chemist who listed the elements in several vertical columns in order of increasing atomic mass

  3. The Periodic Table • constructed the first periodic table (1869) • -an organization of the chemical elements based on grouping the elements by similar properties • worked with about 60 elements • he left blank spaces in the table because there were no known elements with the appropriate properties

  4. The Periodic Table • Organized based on two characteristics: • atomic weight • Bonding power – the ratio of how an element combines with certain other elements on the periodic table

  5. The Periodic Table

  6. Patterns in the Periodic Table • All atoms are composed of: • Protons • Neutrons • Electrons

  7. Patterns in the Periodic Table • Protons • determine the element • Same as the atomic number • Found in the nucleus • Positive charge • Mass of 1 atomic mass unit (amu)

  8. Patterns in the Periodic Table • Neutrons • Neutral • Found in the nucleus • Mass of 1 amu • An atom of the same element with different numbers of neutrons is called an isotope • Example: • Carbon- 12 or Carbon- 14

  9. Patterns in the Periodic Table • Electrons • Negative charge • Found outside of the nucleus • Mass is very small • Controls the chemical behavior of an element • Valence electrons- the outer electrons that determine reactivity

  10. Patterns in the Periodic Table • Atomic number = number of protons=number of electrons • Mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons • Average atomic mass- on periodic table, average of all of the isotopes masses

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