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THE MIDDLE AGES

THE MIDDLE AGES. Europe AD 500-1500. Periodization. Early Middle Ages : 500 – 1000 After fall of Rome, chaos ensues- wars, no trade, signs of advanced civilization disappear in Europe High Middle Ages : 1000 – 1250

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THE MIDDLE AGES

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  1. THE MIDDLE AGES Europe AD 500-1500

  2. Periodization Early Middle Ages: 500 – 1000 After fall of Rome, chaos ensues- wars, no trade, signs of advanced civilization disappear in Europe High Middle Ages: 1000 – 1250 Conditions improve as Monarchs provide security / economic growth- begin to build nations Late Middle Ages: 1250 - 1500 Progressive thinking eventually leads to increased democracy, technology, science, etc… Renaissance, Reformation

  3. Europe in the 6c

  4. Charlemagne: 742 to 814 • Frankish King c. 800 AD • Unites Present day France, Germany, N. Italy into empire • Works with church- spreads Christianity throughout W.Europe • Values education= schools, textbooks, etc • Sets up strong gov’t = model for future kings

  5. Charlemagne’s Empire

  6. Pope Crowned CharlemagneHoly Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800 • Christian Pope crowns King successor to Roman Emperor • Revives ideal of united Christian community • Widens split between E / W Christians • Power struggles in future- who’s in charge- king or pope? State or church?

  7. The Rise of European Monarchies: England

  8. Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses:Treaty of Verdun, 843

  9. Feudalism A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service.

  10. Carcassonne: A Medieval Castle Lord= Landowner Fief= Land Knight= Mounted Warrior (owes lord) Vassal= pledge loyalty to lord in return for landholdings Chivalry= Knights code of conduct Page= Young boy training to be knight (start at 7) Squire= Apprentice of knight

  11. Parts of a Medieval Castle

  12. The Road to Knighthood KNIGHT SQUIRE PAGE

  13. Chivalry: A Code of Honor and Behavior

  14. The Medieval Manor

  15. Life on the Medieval Manor Manor = Estate Serf= Peasant, bound to land Slave= Peasant, property of lord Peasant= Work for lord in exchange for protection, place to live, and food

  16. The Medieval Catholic Church • filled the power vacuum left from the collapse of the classical world. • monasticism: • St. Benedict – Benedictine Rule of poverty, chastity, and obedience. • provided schools for the children of the upper class. • inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war. • libraries & scriptoria to copy books and illuminate manuscripts. • monks  missionaries to the barbarians. [St. Patrick, St. Boniface]

  17. The Power of the Medieval Church • bishops and abbots played a large part in the feudal system. • the church controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe. • tried to curb feudal warfare  only 40 days a year for combat. • curb heresies  crusades; Inquisition • tithe  1/10 tax on your assets given to the church.

  18. A Medieval Monk’s Day

  19. A Medieval Monastery: The Scriptorium

  20. Illuminated Manuscripts

  21. William the Conqueror:Battle of Hastings, 1066(Bayeaux Tapestry) William “Duke of Normandy”- Brings knights from France and becomes King Of England

  22. Evolution of England’s Political System • Henry I: • William’s son. • set up a court system. • Dept. of royal finances. • Henry II: • established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom. • grand jury. • trial by jury.

  23. Magna Carta, 1215 • King John I • “Great Charter” • monarchs were not above the law. • kings had to consult a council of advisors. • kings could not tax arbitrarily. • Legal rights of individuals protected

  24. The Beginnings of the British Parliament • Great Council: • middle class merchants, townspeople [burgesses in Eng., bourgeoisie in Fr., burghers in Ger.] were added at the end of the 13c. • eventually called Parliament. (parler = “to talk”)- given power to tax (power over monarch) • by 1400, two chambers evolved: • House of Lords  nobles & clergy. • House of Commons  knights and burgesses.

  25. The Rise of European Monarchies: France

  26. Gothic Architectural Style • Pointed arches. • High, narrow vaults. • Thinner walls. • Flying buttresses. • Elaborate, ornate, airier interiors. • Stained-glass windows. “Flying” Buttresses

  27. Pope Urban II: Preaching a Crusade • 1095 Calls on Europeans to join Christian crusade to recapture Palestine, Jerusalem from Muslims • 200 years of religious wars ensue- Christians vs. Muslims • 1099 Christians capture Jerusalem, massacre Jews, Muslims • Within 100 years, Muslims regain land- bloody religious war goes on • Leaves legacy of mistrust, hatred

  28. Setting Out on Crusade

  29. Christian Crusades: East and West

  30. Medieval Universities • EDUCATION • Church and Gov’t need educated people • Political and economic conditions improving • Mostly wealthy sons go to university

  31. Oxford University

  32. Late Medieval Town Dwellings

  33. Medieval Trade

  34. Medieval Economy Improves • Commercial Revolution: • Merchants join together- pool funds= bigger business, more $ (corporations) • Insurance- owners look to protect shipments, investments • Banks hold money- doesn’t have to be carried on trade route

  35. Medieval Guilds: A Goldsmith’s Shop

  36. Crest of a Cooper’s Guild

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