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Solar system

Solar system. Chapter 7. 7.1 Earth Motion and seasons. Earth’s Physical Data 1. spherical shape (almost) 2. bulges at equator 3. gravity = 9.8 m/s 4. Table 1 (page 180). Earth in Motion 1. axis - imaginary line drawn from the north to south pole

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Solar system

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  1. Solar system Chapter 7

  2. 7.1 Earth Motion and seasons • Earth’s Physical Data • 1. spherical shape (almost) • 2. bulges at equator • 3. gravity = 9.8 m/s • 4. Table 1 (page 180)

  3. Earth in Motion 1. axis- imaginary line drawn from the north to south pole 2.rotation- Earth spinning around on its axis -causes day and night 3. revolution- Earth traveling around the sun -elliptical pattern is an orbit -causes seasons -not a whole # of days (365 ¼) 4. tilt- 23.5 degree angle -hemispheres have opposite seasons -regions near equator have equal hours of day and night all year

  4. Solstice- sun reaches it’s greatest distance north or south of the equator directly over the Tropic of Cancer or Tropic Capricorn a) Summer Solstice -sun is highest in the sky at noon -longest day of the year for us -June 21st in the N. hemisphere -Dec. 21st in the S. hemisphere b) Winter Solstice -sun is lowest in the sky at noon -shortest day of the year for us -Dec. 21st in the N. hemisphere -June 21st in the S. hemisphere

  5. Equinox- sun is directly over equator • -length of day and night are equal all over the world • a) Spring Equinox • -March 21st in the N. Hemisphere • b) Fall Equinox • -Sept. 21st in the N. Hemisphere

  6. 7.2 Earth’s moon

  7. Moon’s Surface Features • 1. Maria- dark colored areas that look like oceans formed by lava flows • 2. Lunar Highlands- higher than the maria • 3. Craters- depressions formed from meteorites striking the surface

  8. Layers of the Moon • 1. Crust • 2. Rigid Mantle • 3. Non-rigid Mantle • 4. Small, dense • core

  9. Motions of the Moon • -the moon always keeps the same side facing the Earth • -27.3 days to orbit the Earth • -27.3 days to rotate once on its axis

  10. D. Moon phases • (refer to worksheet) • 1. New Moon • 2. Waxing…grows in size • 3. Full Moon • 4. Waning…decreases in size

  11. E. Eclipses • Definition- shadows cast by Earth or the moon onto each other • -only occur when the sun, moon, and Earth are perfectly lined up • Solar Eclipse • -moon blocks sun from reaching a portion of the Earth’s surface • -occurs during a new moon • Lunar Eclipse • -Earth blocks sun from reaching the moon • -moon appears deep red

  12. F. Origin of the moon • Co-formation- Earth and Moon formed at the same time from the same material • Capture- Earth and moon formed at different locations, then Earth’s gravity captured the moon • Fission- moon formed from a large mass of material thrown off of a rapidly spinning Earth • Collision- a huge space object collided with Earth, throwing large amounts of gas and debris into orbit around Earth….condensed to form moon

  13. 7.3 Our solar system

  14. A. Solar system • Sun • Planets • Asteroids • Comets • Moon • stars May have formed from a cloud of rotating ice gases and dust called a “nebula”

  15. B. Astronomical unit (au) • 1. Distance between Earth and Sun • 2. Used to measure distances between objects within the solar system

  16. C. Sun • The sun is a star. • It produces energy by fusing hydrogen into helium in it’s core. • It contains more than 99% of all matter in our solar system.

  17. D. Other objects • Asteroids- small, rocky objects that lie in a belt between Mars and Jupiter • Comets- made of rock particles and ice • -as they approach the sun, parts of comets vaporize and form tails that point away from the sun • Meteoroids- pieces of comets or asteroids that travel through the solar system a. Meteoroid- rock in space b. Meteor- rocks entering Earth’s atmosphere c. Meteorites- rocks fall and land on Earth

  18. Comet images

  19. E. Planets • Mercury - solid • Venus - solid • Earth - solid • Mars - solid • Jupiter - gaseous • Saturn - gaseous • Uranus - gaseous • Neptune - gaseous My Very Excited Mother Just Served Us Nachos!

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