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The Americas: A Separate World, 40,000 B.C. – A.D. 700

CHAPTER. 9. QUIT. The Americas: A Separate World, 40,000 B.C. – A.D. 700. Chapter Overview. Time Line. Hunters and Farmers in the Americas. 1. SECTION. Early Mesoamerican Civilizations. 2. SECTION. Early Civilizations of the Andes. 3. SECTION. IMAGE. GRAPH. Visual Summary.

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The Americas: A Separate World, 40,000 B.C. – A.D. 700

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  1. CHAPTER 9 QUIT The Americas: A Separate World, 40,000 B.C.–A.D. 700 Chapter Overview Time Line Hunters and Farmers in the Americas 1 SECTION Early Mesoamerican Civilizations 2 SECTION Early Civilizations of the Andes 3 SECTION IMAGE GRAPH Visual Summary

  2. CHAPTER 9 Chapter Overview HOME The Americas: A Separate World, 40,000 B.C.–A.D. 700 Human settlement of the Americas begins toward the end of the last Ice Age. The first civilizations emerge in Mexico and Peru. The Olmec, Zapotec, Chavín, Nazca, and Moche cultures strongly influence those that come after them.

  3. CHAPTER 9 HOME The Americas: A Separate World, 40,000 B.C.–A.D. 700 Time Line 10,000 B.C.Last Ice Age ends; land bridge to Asia disappears. 1200 B.C.Olmec civilization emerges. 500 B.C.Zapotecs build Monte Albán. A.D. 100Moche culture emerges. A.D. 700 10,000 B.C. 7000 B.C.Agriculture begins in central Mexico. 900 B.C.Chavín culture arises in Peru. 200 B.C.Nazca civilization arises in southern Peru.

  4. 1 HOME Hunters and Farmers in the Americas Key Idea More than 10,000 years ago, humans migrate from Asia to the Americas across a land bridge. Originally hunters and gatherers, these groups develop farming methods and create settlements. Overview Assessment

  5. 1 TERMS & NAMES MAIN IDEA HOME Hunters and Farmers in the Americas Overview •Beringia •Ice Age •maize WHY IT MATTERS NOW Although isolated, the first Americans developed in ways similar to the other earliest humans. The Americas’ first inhabitants developed the basis for American civilizations to come. Assessment

  6. 1 1 Section Assessment Cause Effects HOME Hunters and Farmers in the Americas 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. The events listed below had important effects on the development of the Americas. Identify the main effects for each event. Beringia land bridge forms. Animals and hunters cross into North America. Large animals become extinct. Hunters turn to smaller prey and plants. Early Americans experiment with farming. Agriculture arises. Crops provide a reliable food supply. Population grows, and settled communities arise. continued . . .

  7. 1 HOME Hunters and Farmers in the Americas 1 Section Assessment 2. Why do you think early Americans, isolated from the rest of the world, developed in ways similar to other early humans?THINK ABOUT •similarities among all human beings •availability of similar resources •the development from hunting to farming ANSWER Early humans used easily available food sources first. These included wild animals that could be hunted. When hunters could no longer rely on big game, they developed other more complex ways of getting food, such as farming. Possible Response: continued . . .

  8. 1 HOME Hunters and Farmers in the Americas 1 Section Assessment 3. What type of person might hold power in a hunter-gatherer society? in a settled, agricultural society? THINK ABOUT •qualities needed to succeed in a hunting society •qualities most admired in a settled, farming society ANSWER Authority in a hunting society might be based on physical strength and courage; authority in a settled society might be based on strong administrative skills. Possible Response: End of Section 1

  9. 2 HOME Early Mesoamerican Civilizations Key Idea The first civilization in the Americas, the Olmec, emerges in southeastern Mexico around 1200 B.C., followed by the Zapotec of the Oaxaca Valley. Both cultures influence later civilizations. Overview Assessment

  10. 2 TERMS & NAMES MAIN IDEA HOME Early Mesoamerican Civilizations Overview •Mesoamerica •Olmec •Zapotec •Monte Albán WHY IT MATTERS NOW The Olmec created the Americas’ first civilization, which in turn influenced later civilizations in the region. Later American civilizations relied on the technology and achievements of earlier cultures to move forward. Assessment

  11. 2 2 Section Assessment Olmec Zapotec HOME Early Mesoamerican Civilizations 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Compare the Olmec and Zapotec cultures. Both Major urban center, hieroglyphic language, calendar Ritual ball games magnificent sculptures, jaguar worship Pyramids, giant plazas continued . . .

  12. 2 HOME Early Mesoamerican Civilizations 2 Section Assessment 2. Why do you think the Olmec are called Mesoamerica’s “mother culture”? Consider the Olmec’s influence on later groups in the region.THINK ABOUT •architecture •religion •art ANSWER The Olmec developed numerous institutions and styles that many later peoples of the region incorporated. These included Olmec sculpture and architecture styles, as well as the notion of ceremonial centers, ritual ball games, and an elite ruling class. Possible Response: End of Section 2

  13. 3 HOME Early Civilizations of the Andes IMAGE GRAPH Key Idea Andean civilization arises in the river valleys along the Peruvian coast. Around 900 B.C. the Chavín culture emerges in the mountains, followed by the coastal Nazca and Moche civilizations. Overview Assessment

  14. 3 TERMS & NAMES MAIN IDEA HOME Early Civilizations of the Andes IMAGE GRAPH Overview •Chavín •Nazca •Moche WHY IT MATTERS NOW Around the harsh terrain of the Andes Mountains in South America, various groups created flourishing civilizations. Like the early Andean civilizations, people today must adapt to their environment in order to survive. Assessment

  15. 3 Time Span Culture Location Achievements Chavín Nazca Moche HOME Early Civilizations of the Andes IMAGE GRAPH 3 Section Assessment 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Identify important details about the earliest Andean civilizations. c. 900 B.C. to 200 B.C. northern and central Peruvian highlands important religious centers; influential art styles and religious images c. 200 B.C. to A.D.600 Peru’s southern coast irrigation system, textiles, pottery, Nazca lines c. A.D. 100 to A.D. 700 northern coast of Peru irrigation systems, great wealth, elaborate pottery continued . . .

  16. 3 HOME Early Civilizations of the Andes IMAGE GRAPH 3 Section Assessment 2. Would the Chavín culture have been more influential if it had arisen along the Peruvian coast? Why or why not? THINK ABOUT •the harsh environment of the Andes Mountain region •the effect of environment on the spread of culture •the nature of Chavín influence ANSWER Yes. It might have been easier for the Chavín to spread their culture along the more hospitable coastal region. No. The fact that people made the difficult pilgrimage to the site indicates the culture’s influence did not depend on location. Possible Responses: continued . . .

  17. 3 HOME Early Civilizations of the Andes IMAGE GRAPH 3 Section Assessment 3. Describe how the Nazca and the Moche adapted to their environment in order to build flourishing societies. ANSWER To overcome their dry climate, the Nazca and Moche developed elaborate irrigation systems. This allowed them to farm the land. Possible Response: End of Section 3

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