Cultural Exploration

Joanie Paskert Sociology Pd 7 Cultural Exploration

Austria RepublikOsterreich

Location: • Central Europe (north of Italy & Slovania) • Specifically: 47 20 N, 13 20 E • Capital: Vienna • Total area: 83,871 sq km • Aka slightly smaller than Maine. Location & Capital

Flag & Languages • In 1191, during a battle in the Third Crusade, Duke Leopold V of Austria's white tunic was soaked with blood but when taking his belt off revealed a single white stripe, hence the flags design. • Official language: • German – 88.6% • Minority languages: • Turkish – 2.3% • Serbian – 2.2% • Croatian – 1.6% • Other – 5.3%

Population & reliegion • Population: 8,219,743 • Ethnic Groups: • Austrian – 91.1% • Yugoslavs – 4% • Croations • Slovenes • Serbs • Bosniak • Turks – 1.6% • German – 0.9% • Unknown – 2.4% • Religion: • Roman Catholic – 73.6% • Protestant – 4.7% • Muslim – 4.2% • Unknown – 2% • None – 12%

Three important factors in determining which subculture a person belongs in is: • Geographic location (rural/urban) • Socioeconomic status • Professional occupation Subcultures

Family forms the basis of Austrian social structure. • Weekends are spent doing family activities. • Large family dinners, especially on Sunday’s. • Homes are always tidy. • Only close friends and family come into your home. • Sidewalks & lawns always kept up with. • Appearance means a lot. • Always dressed up in public. • Informal wear is still conservative, not skimpy. Customs

Its economy includes: • Large service sector • Sound industrial sector • Small but highly developed agricultural sector • Unemployment Rate: 5.4% • Population in Poverty: 6% • In 2008, the international financial crisis took a toll on Austrian banks largest banks whose extensive operations in central, eastern, and southeastern Europe faced large losses. Economy

Present day Austria can be traced all the way back to prehistoric times • The Danube River valley was populated as far back as the Paleolithic Ages. • Celtic people lived in Austria from prehistory until the Roman Catholics took over in the first century of BC. • By the second century, Slavs, Germans, Huns, and Bohemians began raiding the area. • Christianity was established the official religion at this point of time. • In the seventeenth century, Austria was the foremost German state and a major European power. • During the French Revolution when Napoleon rose to power, he declared war on Austria in 1792. • The congress created the German Confederation, a union of thirty-nine small German states with Austria in permanent control of the presidency. • Austria also regained much of the territory it had lost to Napoleon. • On 12 November 1918, at the end of WWI and after the dissolution of the Habsburg Empire after the assassination of its heir, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, a new German Austrian state—known as the First Republic—was established. • It was only about one-fourth the size of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. • During WWII, Nazi troops occupied the area and annexed it as part of Germany. • After the War, Allied forces continued to occupy their land until 1955 when the State Treaty was put into place. History

Austrians call their country Osterreich (eastern empire). The name dates to about C.E. 800, when Charlemagne, emperor of the Germanic Franks, took control of the region, naming it Eastern March because it was meant to stem invasions by marauders from the east. (A march is a protective zone set up to defend a border area.) In the tenth century, German king Otto I named it Ostarichi (eastern kingdom), from which the modern German name, Osterreich, derives. The Latin name, Austria, had appeared by the twelfth century. Austria’s name

Austrian Airline’s have lost a large sum of money. • The Airline will be also spending a large amount in order to officially fix structural issues to moderate it for good. Current conflicts

Likes & dislikes • I like that the country is very family oriented and it has beautiful views. • I dislike that war was a huge and constant part of Austria’s history. • I wouldn’t want to live in Austria because of how often it is involved in war. It would make me feel uneasy and I would probably be on edge all of the time.

Qatar Al-Thaqafa Al-Emaratiya

Location & Capital • Location: In the middle east in the peninsula bordering the Persian Gulf and Saudi Arabia. • Specifically: 25 30 N, 51 15 E • Total Area: 11,586 sq km • Slightly smaller than Conneticut • Capital: Doha • s

Language & Flag • Official Language: • Arabic • English is commonly used as a second language. • Others: • Hindi • Urdu • Farsi • Filipino • Marron: blood shed for the country. • White: Peace • Nine points: Qatar being the 9th member of the “Reconciled Emrites

Population & religion • Religion: • Muslim 77.5% • Christian 8.5% • other 14% • Population: 1,951,591 • Fewer than 200 people are living with HIV/AIDS • Ethnic Groups: • Arab 40% • Indian 18% • Pakistani 18% • Iranian 10% • Other 14% • About two-thirds of the immigrants are Asians, mainly from India, Pakistan, Iran, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and the Philippines.

The cities have a multiethnic composition, with segregated housing areas for nationals and the immigrants. Housing is subdivided further according to class, social power, ethnicity, and nationality. • They are socially divided into two categories: • The nationals ( Al-Muwateneen) The foreign immigrants ( Al-Wafedeen) • “the incomers” • Four different classes: • The ruling sheikhly families • The merchant class (al-tujjar) • The new middle class • The Low income groups Subcultures

Marriage: • Arranged marriages were only aloud for a long time but then they backed off and gave them more choice. • The strongly discourage marriage to nonnationals. • If a man does marry a national, he will receive $19,000 from the marriage fund. • The men are legally allowed to have up to 4 wives but many have 1. • Having a large family is encouraged by the State Policy suggesting 6-8 children. • Women are gaining more importance as a mother and main person in charge at home. customs

The Islamic greeting is “al-salamalaykom” and men follow this with a quick nose-to-nose touch while shaking hands. • Women greet by kissing each other’s cheeks. • In America we use the terms mister and misses but here, it is known to say "father or mother of (oldest son)." • Young men are expected to listen and talk seldom around elders. • Men hang out in majlis while women entertain each other at home. More customs

Qatar’s economy has been prospering in recent years. • In 2010, they increased oil prices • In 2011, they invested in the gas sector which has benefitted them. • Unemployment Rate: • 0.4% economy

In the 1760s, members of the Al-Khalifa of the Utub tribe migrated to Qatar from Kuwait and central Arabia and established a pearling and commercial base in Zubarah in the north. • From there the Al-Khalifa expanded their territory by occupying Bahrain, which they have ruled ever since. • In 1867, Britain recognized Mohammad bin Thani as the representative of the Qatari people. • In 1916, Abdullah bin Qasim Al-Thani entered an agreement with Britain that effectively established the Al-Thani as the ruling family (still currently ruling). • That agreement provided for British protection and special rights for British subjects and ensured that Britain would have a say in Qatar's foreign relations. The increase in state income from oil concessions strengthened the Al-Thani's position. • When Britain announced its intention to withdraw from the region, Qatar considered joining a federation with Bahrain and the seven Trucial States. However, agreement could not be reached on the terms of federation, and Qatar adopted a constitution declaring independence in 1971. • The constitution states that the ruler will always be chosen from the Al-Thani family and will be assisted by a council of ministers and a consultative council. The consultative council was never elected; instead, there is an advisory council appointed by the ruler. • Despite periodic protests against the concentration of power and occasional disputes within the ruling family, the Al-Thani's size, wealth, and policies have maintained a stable regime. history

It is said that Qatar is ordering the construction of 4 more nuclear power plants. It is not a conflict of their own, but Qatar is using their influence in Libya politically. COnflicts

The first is to identify and discuss issues and challenges related to achieving the environmental goals of the Qatar National Vision 2030, reports the paper. • The second objective is to provide ideas and a framework to Qatar’s second Human Development Report, which GSDP is preparing in partnership with United Nations Development Program. • The seminar will concentrate on the themes such as: • Qatar’s sustainable development challenges • Marine environment • Water security • Climate change and their human development issues. Qatar’s future goals

Likes & Dislikes • I like the innovative mind set of Qatar. They are striving to keep up and lead in technology which is important in today’s world. • I’m not sure if I’m a big fan of them making more nuclear power plants. • I don’t think I would want to live permanently in Qatar, but I would like to visit there at least once and see the views and architectural differences.

After getting to know the diverse cultures of Qatar and Austria, I think I would much rather visit these countries instead of living there. After doing all of the research you realize how well we do have it here in America and how we take for granted the unlimited amount of opportunities available to us every single day. • I would like to stay in America but maybe live in London and/or Australia for a period of time to gain more experience and appreciation for the different ways of life. Where I want to live

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/au.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/au.html http://countrystudies.us/austria/117.htm https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/qa.html http://www.everyculture.com/To-Z/United-Arab-Emirates.html http://www.everyculture.com/No-Sa/Qatar.html http://www.voanews.com/english/news/middle-east/Libya-Conflict-Spotlights-Qatars-Growing-Influence-119777944.html http://www.greenprophet.com/2009/01/qatar-environment/ bibliography

Cultural Exploration