OUTLINE Introduction: Sustainable development in the context of mineral supply

1. Promoting sustainability in aggregate supply –a Finnish case studyMika Räisänen and Hannu IdmanGeological Survey of Finland Sustainable resource management, raw material security........ December 6-7, 2006 in Bruges, Belgium

2. OUTLINE • Introduction: Sustainable development in the context of mineral supply • Present situation of aggregate production in Finland • Promoting sustainability in aggregate supply of the Finnish society • Future challenges Sustainable resource management, raw material security........ December 6-7, 2006 in Bruges, Belgium

3. NON-RENEWABLE AGGREGATES Data from EuroGeoSurveys Renewable resources aggregates Non-renewable resources Sustainable resource management, raw material security........ December 6-7, 2006 in Bruges, Belgium

4. PROMOTING SUSTAINABILITY IN MINERAL SUPPLY Thematic strategy for sustainable management of Natural Resources Economic Growth • Basic challenge in • combining: • - growing economy • - developing society • - sound environment • Basic question: • how can we as • geoscientists • promote decoupling? 2 Growth of resource use Growth of env’l impacts Relative decoupling 1 Absolute decoupling 2005 2030 Sustainable resource management, raw material security........ December 6-7, 2006 in Bruges, Belgium

5. PRESENT SITUATION OF AGGREGATE PRODUCTION IN FINLAND Basic features of the geology of Finland • Neogene (Quaternary) • Loose Sediments • Derived from Last • Glaciation • Moraine, Clay, Sand & • Gravel,Peat • Precambrian Crystalline • Basement • From Archean to Proterozoic in Age • Granitoids, Schists, Gneisses and Migmatites Sustainable resource management, raw material security........ December 6-7, 2006 in Bruges, Belgium

6. UTILISATION OF AGGREGATES • Production ca. 100 million tonnes/year • 18 tonnes/capita • Based almost entirely on: • - sand and gravel deposits • - crushed rock • Use of aggregates concentrated in urban (growth) areas • 2/3 is used for public applications • Road construction (50%), building of houses (15 %), asphalt pavements 10 (%), concrete (10 %), and other (15 %) Sustainable resource management, raw material security........ December 6-7, 2006 in Bruges, Belgium

7. Natural resources: cover >> 95% of aggregate production Left-over resources: inefficiently used potential Sustainable resource management, raw material security........ December 6-7, 2006 in Bruges, Belgium

8. Resulting in . . . • shortage of accessible natural materials at urban growth areas • continuous increase in transportation distances • increase of harmful effects from transportation (costs, emissions, noise, dust, traffic) • negative effects on construction industry, infrastructure, to functioning of society….. Sustainable resource management, raw material security........ December 6-7, 2006 in Bruges, Belgium

9. PROMOTING SUSTAINABILITY IN AGGREGATE SUPPLY HOW? 1) By developing an accounting system that incorporates - data on natural aggregate resources - data on usage restrictions (e.g. natural protection areas) - data on left-over materials and industrial by-products - monitoring of extraction and utilisation • 2) Optimising the usage of left-over materials and super quarries • - the concept of centralised production areas (super quarries) and aggregate terminals • quality control of aggregate production as a basis for CE-labelled left-over aggregates • - reclamation of quarries and end-use application of quarries (recreational, land fill areas, industrial and housing areas etc.) Sustainable resource management, raw material security........ December 6-7, 2006 in Bruges, Belgium

10. WHO DOES IT? • Environmental authorities and land use planners • - environmental and land use data • Aggregate companies • - yearly information of extracted materials • Geological Survey of Finland • - data on resources • - data management and interpretation • - accountancy services for users • good collaboration of stakeholders is needed • legislative modifications also needed Sustainable resource management, raw material security........ December 6-7, 2006 in Bruges, Belgium

11. WHAT THE SYSTEM PRODUCES? • On-line information of aggregate resources and substitute materials • (quality, amount, location, usability) • On-line information on construction material flows • A tool for decision-making • HOW CAN IT BE USED? • Via Internet • WHO ARE THE USERS? • Environmental and quarry permit authorities • Land-use planners • Aggregate producers • WHEN IT WILL BE READY? • For the natural aggregates in 2008 • The substitute mineral materials to be integrated in following 2-3 years Sustainable resource management, raw material security........ December 6-7, 2006 in Bruges, Belgium

12. FUTURE CHALLENGES • The system provides an accounting system for natural aggregate resources and their substitutes and the system should be developed towards a comprehensive environmental accounting system that incorporates: • - aggregate resources (natural, substitutes) • - utilisation and future consumption predictions • HOWEVER • Methodological development is needed for: • valuation of aggregate stocks • environmental impacts also in monetary terms • cost analysis of the other environmental values • (e.g. scenic values, dust, and noise, • eco-efficiency of by-products). Sustainable resource management, raw material security........ December 6-7, 2006 in Bruges, Belgium

13. SUMMARY: VISION OF THE FUTURE Utilisation of aggregates in Finland 1988 - 2030 Natural aggregates Left-over materials (minerals and substitutes) 1988 1995 2000 2010 2030 2005 2020 International research cooperation IGC 2008 Theme sustainable development and environment Sustainable resource management, raw material security........ December 6-7, 2006 in Bruges, Belgium

14. Thank you for your attention! Sustainable resource management, raw material security........ December 6-7, 2006 in Bruges, Belgium