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Transition to Heliocentrism: Overcoming Traditional Dogma

Explore the clash between the Scientific Revolution and Catholic Church with key figures like Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton challenging geocentric beliefs. Witness the rise of the scientific method and the triumph of reason over authority.

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Transition to Heliocentrism: Overcoming Traditional Dogma

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  1. THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

  2. Catholic Church • Believed the Heavens were spiritual • Believed the Earth was the center of the Universe (Deductive Reasoning) • God was in a specific place in the Heavens • Based many of their scientific views on the ideas of Aristotle

  3. Ptolemy • Put forth the Geocentric or “Earth Centered” idea of the Universe • The movements of Ptolemy universe was very complex • This was the accepted notion of the universe for hundreds of years

  4. Copernicus • Wrote “On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres” in 1543 • Heliocentric (Sun Centered) universe • Earth turns on its axis and around the sun • Moon revolved around the earth

  5. Church Initial Reaction to Copernicus • Nobody thought that he “really” believed that the sun was the center of the universe! • Some of his findings will actually help to fix the calendar • Not a real threat to Aristotle’s ideas

  6. Galileo • First to use the telescope • Mountains on the moon, sunspots, 4 Jupiter moons • “Starry Messenger” 1610 • Church ordered Galileo to abandon the Copernican idea

  7. Brahe • First to discover Comets moving in “through” Aristotle’s Crystal Spheres • Placed the Earth at the center of the universe

  8. Kepler • Orbits are not circular, but elliptical (egg shaped) • Sun toward the end of orbits instead of the center

  9. Descartes • “Discourse on Method” 1637 • First principle “I think therefore I am ”Second principle: Mind and Matter are completely separate • Father of modern Rationalism: System of thought is based on the belief that reason is the chief source of knowledge

  10. Newton • Wrote the “Principia” • Universal law of gravitation • Every object in the universe is attracted to every other object by a force called gravity

  11. Francis Bacon • Scientific Method: Systematic procedure for collecting and analyzing evidence. • Inductive Reasoning: systematic observations and carefully organized experiments to test hypotheses. • Human power could conquer nature in action

  12. Suppose that you are an astronomer during the mid 1500’s. Write a short speech to the Pope explaining why the scientific method would reveal scientific truth more accurately than reliance upon traditional authorities.

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