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Digestive System

Digestive System. Where does our food go?. Body Fuel. Just like cars need gas to run, we need fuel for our bodies to function Rather than pouring gas into our bodies, we fuel up on food Your digestive system is what turns food into fuel for your body to function. Classified as mammals.

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Digestive System

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  1. Digestive System Where does our food go?

  2. Body Fuel • Just like cars need gas to run, we need fuel for our bodies to function • Rather than pouring gas into our bodies, we fuel up on food • Your digestive system is what turns food into fuel for your body to function

  3. Classified as mammals • We are consumers – we eat plants or other animals for food • We are not able to make food within our own bodies like producers

  4. Food for energy • We need energy for everything we do in the day • Food provides us with the energy that keeps us going

  5. Food for building • Needed to build our bodies as we grow • Needed to make new bone cells and new muscle cells • Provides us with the material that helps our hair and nails grow, too • The faster your grow and change, the more food you will need

  6. Food for repairing • Rebuild parts of our bodies • Think about when you have scraped your knee. The food you eat can be used to make new skin cells, fix the broken blood vessels and replace the blood cells you lost.

  7. Digestion process • Break down of food into smaller parts that your body can use • Two ways your food can change: • Mechanical digestion • Physical changing of food • Chemical digestion • Broken down into carbohydrates, proteins and fats

  8. The Beginning: Your Mouth • Mouth, or oral cavity, contains: • Teeth, tongue, and salivary glands • Teeth • tear and grind up food • Mechanical digestion • Tongue • allows you to enjoy the flavors • Help swallow

  9. Organs that Help Digestion • Salivary Gland • Make saliva, or water liquid, that you may call spit • Helps moisten food making it softer and easier to swallow • Beginning of chemical digestion • Contain enzymes that speed up chemical reactions. These enzymes are called salivary amylase

  10. The Food Tube: The Esophagus • Muscular tube • About 25 cm long • Stretches to allow food to pass through it • Involuntary muscles contract and relax pushing your food toward your stomach • The movement created by the contracting and relaxing muscles is called peristalsis.

  11. An Expandable Bag: The Stomach • Attached to the end of the esophagus • Looks like a bag shaped like a “j” • When food enters your stomach, it mixes with gastric juices. • Enzymes, acids and mucus • Pepsin – enzymes that break down protein and fat • Hydrochloric acid – breaks down protein • Mucus – protects the stomach walls so they are not attacked by the strong acids and enzymes that are breaking down your food.

  12. An Expandable Bag: The Stomach • Food stays in your stomach 2 to 6 hours • Mechanical digestion takes place as food and gastric juices are mixed • Chemical digestion also takes place as the enzymes and acid break down the food you have eaten • When the food and juices are fully mixed, the resulting mixture is called chyme

  13. A Seven-Meter Tube: The Small Intestines • When your food has been completely mixed and churned in your stomach, it moves to the small intestines • 2.5 cm wide and over 21 feet long • Long tube that is divided into three parts: • Duodenum • Jejunum • Ilium

  14. A Seven-Meter Tube: The Small Intestines • Duodenum • Digestive juices are added to chyme • The juices are made in the pancreas • Break down carbohydrates, protein and fat • Bile, made by the liver and stored in the gall bladder, is responsible for breaking fats into smaller molecules

  15. A Seven-Meter Tube: The Small Intestines • Digestion is completed in the small intestines • Food moves along through the long organ by the process of peristalsis

  16. A Seven-Meter Tube: The Small Intestines • Inside the small intestines are millions of villi • Tiny fingerlike projections surrounded by capillaries • The nutrients is absorbed by the villi and into the capillaries and put into the circulatory system.

  17. A Two-Meter Tube:The Large Intestines • Waste materials and fiber remain in your digestive system after nutrients have been removed • 6 cm wide and 1.5-2 m long • Water is absorbed by the blood from the large intestines leaving a semisolid waste product. • The waste product moves through the large intestines and is stored in the rectum • The waste product is called feces. • When the rectum becomes full, the fecal wastes are removed from the body through the anus.

  18. Digestive System = mouth (teeth, tongue, saliva, enzymes) esophagus  stomach (acids, enzymes, mucus, “chyme”) small intestines (nutrients absorbed, pancreas, liver, gallbladder)  large intestines (water absorbed by blood) rectum  anus

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