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Aim: How did the events of 1789 result in a constitutional monarchy in France?

Aim: How did the events of 1789 result in a constitutional monarchy in France?. January 15, 2013. Problems of the Urban Poor. A poor grain harvest in 1788 causes the price of bread to soar, making it difficult for many urban workers in Paris to afford bread.

colleen-burks
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Aim: How did the events of 1789 result in a constitutional monarchy in France?

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  1. Aim: How did the events of 1789 result in a constitutional monarchy in France? January 15, 2013

  2. Problems of the Urban Poor • A poor grain harvest in 1788 causes the price of bread to soar, making it difficult for many urban workers in Paris to afford bread. • Since workers are spending most of their money on bread, they can buy little else. Leads to an economic depression. • In July 1789, Louis XVI is raising troops to put down the new National Assembly. Urban poor are horrified by rumors that this army is actually being raised to kill them. They decide to take action to protect themselves!

  3. Storming of the Bastille • On July 13, Louis sends 18,000 troops to Versailles to put down the NA. • On July 14, several hundred workers in Paris march to the Bastille, a royal prison, in search of weapons and gunpowder. They take over the prison and hack the governor to death. Symbol that true revolution has begun! • On July 17, Louis withdraws his troops. The National Assembly can now start pursuing reforms without interference from the monarchy.

  4. The Great Fear • Peasants learn about what happened in Paris, are inspired to rise up against their lords in the summer of 1789. • Peasants ransack manor houses, burn feudal documents, take over enclosed land, refuse to pay taxes. They are terrified the nobles might seek revenge, which just leads to more rebellion. This is called the Great Fear. • National Assembly responds in August by abolishing all noble privileges (peasant serfdom, exclusive hunting rights, village monopolies, the right to make peasants work on the roads). Huge victory for the peasants!

  5. Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen • Having granted new rights to the peasants, the National Assembly continues its mission of reform by drafting the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen on August 27, 1789. States the liberal, Enlightenment ideals that should be included in a new constitution: • States that men are born free and are equal before the law (no special privileges for any groups). • Government exists to protect the natural rights of all citizens = life, liberty, property, security from oppression, freedom of speech, freedom of religion. • A constitutional monarchy should be formed.

  6. So is the third estate happy by the end of the summer of 1789? • Peasants are happy because they have eliminated feudal obligations, noble privileges and gained land for themselves. They have enough food. Revolution ends here for them. • Urban poor have achieved little, unemployment is high, and the price of bread continues to rise. The intellectual debates and liberal reforms of the National Assembly mean little to them.

  7. Women’s March • In October of 1789, seven thousand women march the twelve miles from Paris to Versailles to make a statement about the state of the poor, take vengeance on the royals (especially Marie Antoinette). • Invade the National Assembly. Are not impressed. • Head to the palace, overtake the guards, force Louis XVI and the royal family to return to Paris to observe the state of the poor. National Assembly comes with them. • Revolution will now proceed from Paris, serve the needs of the urban poor.

  8. The Liberal Revolution(Oct 1789-1791) • Liberal lawyers and officials of the third estate who controlled the National Assembly achieve most of their Enlightenment goals. • In July 1790, Louis XVI agrees to share power with the National Assembly, establishing a constitutional monarchy. • Abolish the nobility as a special class and eliminate all of their remaining privileges • Eliminate guilds, monopolies, and barriers to free trade. Who does this appeal to? • Women are granted the right to seek a divorce and inherit property, but not to hold political office or vote.

  9. The Liberal Revolution(Oct 1789-1791) • Religious Reforms of the National Assembly • Religious freedom to Jews and Protestants • Nationalizes Church lands, confiscate monastic lands. End up selling off and taxing much of the land. Why? • Civil Constitution of the Clergy (July, 1790): Creates a National Church. Priests are now employees of the government – don’t work for the Pope anymore. • Peasants are outraged. Begin to turn against the revolution.

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