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Constitutional Monarchy in England

Constitutional Monarchy in England. Charles II. 1660 – Restoration Stuart monarchy restored “Merry Monarch” Yielded to Parliament Religious toleration?. Political Parties . Tories Supported King Anglican Gentry Evolved into the Conservative Party Whigs Wanted Constitutional Monarchy

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Constitutional Monarchy in England

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  1. Constitutional Monarchy in England

  2. Charles II • 1660 – Restoration • Stuart monarchy restored • “Merry Monarch” • Yielded to Parliament • Religious toleration?

  3. Political Parties • Tories • Supported King • Anglican • Gentry • Evolved into the Conservative Party • Whigs • Wanted Constitutional Monarchy • Non-Anglican • Evolved into the Liberal Party

  4. James II • 1685 – James II comes to power • Unpopular with Whigs and Tories • absolute monarchy • Catholic brother of Charles II • Catholic son • Parliament fears Catholic dynasty

  5. Glorious Revolution • 1688 – Parliament “bloodless” Coup • James’s daughter and her husband take throne • William of Orange  William III • Mary Stuart  Mary II • “Glorious Revolution” • Ensures no more Catholic rule • Limits the power of the Crown

  6. English Bill of Rights • Parliament writes in 1689 • chooses ruler • Ruler subject to Parliament’s laws • meet frequently • Freedom of speech • Petition monarch • Bear arms

  7. Thomas Hobbes • English philosopher • Leviathan - 1651 • Man born naturally self-interest – “nasty-brutish” • Absolute Monarchy best form of government • No right to revolt

  8. John Locke • English philosopher • Two Treatises of Government • Government exists to protect rights • Right to happiness • Right to property • Right to political equality • Man born naturally good • RIGHT TO REVOLT

  9. Habeas Corpus Act • Locke is influential in English government • 1679 – Habeas Corpus Act • Protects people who are arrested • Can demand to see judge • Must know charges • Prevents unlawful imprisonment

  10. Toleration Act & Act of Settlement • 1689 – Toleration Act • Some religious freedom to non-Anglican Protestants • Does not tolerate Jews, Catholics • 1701 – Act of Settlement • Ends possibility of Catholic monarch

  11. Evolution of Parliament • Parliament becomes dominant arm of government • England constitutional monarchy • Monarch’s powers limited • House of Commons becoming more powerful

  12. Prime Minister • 1727 – King George II comes to power • German - Hanover • Unfamiliar with British politics • Relies heavily on cabinet • Robert Walpole – Chief minister • England’s first prime minister

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