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Abolition

Abolition. Major figures: Benjamin Lundy (Quaker) William Lloyd Garrison: The Liberator Frederick Douglass Sojourner Truth Theodore Weld Grimke sisters. Abolition. Major challenges: Disagreement within movement: Immediate vs . gradual abolition

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Abolition

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  1. Abolition Major figures: • Benjamin Lundy (Quaker) • William Lloyd Garrison: The Liberator • Frederick Douglass • Sojourner Truth • Theodore Weld • Grimke sisters

  2. Abolition Major challenges: • Disagreement within movement: • Immediate vs. gradual abolition • Should blacks be free OR free and equal? • Some believed blacks were inferior (but deserving of freedom) • Women: if black males deserve equality, what about women? • Gag rule in Congress – abolitionist newspapers stepped up attacks since Congress wouldn’t debate issue

  3. Women’s rights Women’s status in early 1800s: • No suffrage • Few property rights (none if married) • Few educational opportunities outside home • Tough divorce laws • Could legally be beaten in some places • In some places legally forbidden from speaking in public

  4. Women’s rights What inspired women to seek reform? • Roles in 2nd GA and other reform movements • Being marginalized in abolition movement Key Figures: • Grimke sisters • Lucretia Mott • Elizabeth Cady Stanton • Lucy Stone

  5. Women’s rights Seneca Falls: • Meeting in 1848 in upstate NY • Declaration of Sentiments – demand for women’s rights Success? • Success slow and uneven • No success in south • In North, women’s colleges appeared (a few) • Gradually easier divorce laws • Some property rights/anti-violence laws Failures? • Slow progress • No suffrage until 1920

  6. Criminal Justice Problems before movement: • Terrible conditions in jails • No efforts at rehabilitation Solutions? • Penitentiaries: • Solitary confinement • Time to think about mistakes

  7. Treatment of Mentally Ill Conditions before movement: • Mentally ill lumped together w/ criminals • Horrible conditions – caged, beaten, chained to walls, etc. Reform leader: • Dorothea Dix (Mass.) Changes? • Insane asylums separate from prisons • Treated as patients instead of inmates • Attempt to fix the person by fixing the environment

  8. Conclusion? • What ideas were shared in 2nd GA and reform movements? • Idea that the individual could better him/herself with the right actions or environment • Notion that individual was capable of real change through choice (democratic ideal)

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