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Japanese Geography

Japanese Geography. Japan: Physical Characteristics. Japan’s four major islands are Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku Japan actually consists of 1000s of islands The capital of Japan is Tokyo. Japan: Physical Characteristics. Japan is a little smaller than California

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Japanese Geography

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  1. Japanese Geography

  2. Japan: Physical Characteristics • Japan’s four major islands are Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku • Japan actually consists of 1000s of islands • The capital of Japan is Tokyo

  3. Japan: Physical Characteristics • Japan is a little smaller than California • Japan’s climate varies greatly….Why? • Land is distributed North to South • Northern areas have climates similar to Portland • Southern areas have climates similar to the Bahamas

  4. Physical Characteristics • Much of Japan is covered in mountains or volcanoes. • Population: 125 million • Most people live crowded along cities on the coast.

  5. Japan: Land of Earthquakes • Japan suffers through frequent earthquakes because of its position along the intersection of tectonic plates.

  6. TSUNAMIS an unusually large sea wave produced by a seaquake or undersea volcanic eruption

  7. MT. FUJI

  8. CREATION MYTH Gods thrust a spear into the ocean, drops of water fell to the surface and formed the islands

  9. EARLY INHABITANTS HUNTER GATHERERS CAME TO JAPAN FROM THE MAINLAND (10,000 YEARS AGO)

  10. CHINESE INFLUENCES • Introduction of Buddhism to Japan in the 500s opened Japan up to Chinese influences • Art, medicine, astronomy, philosophy, writing

  11. SETTLING DOWN 710 - first permanent Japanese capital is built at Nara

  12. SETTLING DOWN - capital is moved to Heian (Kyoto) 1867 – capital is moved to Tokyo

  13. NARA PERIOD (700s) • Formal capital with palace, broad streets, public squares… • Buddhism reaches its peak, does not replace Shinto • First written literature (histories, poems) TODAJJI TEMPLE

  14. HEIAN (KYOTO) PERIOD (800s – 1800s) • Pursuit of beauty (poems, calligraphy, gift wrapping….) • Women & literature (Tale of Genji) • Political decay (warlords controlled local areas)

  15. FEUDALISM • A SYSTEM IN WHICH LARGE LANDOWNERS GIVE PROTECTION TO PEOPLE IN RETURN FOR THEIR SERVICES

  16. MERCHANTS • MAKE AND SELL GOODS (FOOD, WEAPONS, ARMOR, CLOTHING…)

  17. FARMERS/PEASANTS • WORK THE DAIMYO’S (LORD’S) LAND IN RETURN FOR FOOD, SHELTER, AND PROTECTION

  18. WARRIOR CULTURE

  19. SHOGUN • Means “General” • Title given by the emperor in late 1100s • Had military and political power • “Shogunate” – military government

  20. DAIMYO • Land-owning warriors & highest ranking samurai (medieval lords) • Daimyo offered protection to peasants who worked their land, in return the peasants paid taxes (feudalism) • Samurai pledged their loyalty to a daimyo

  21. SAMURAI • Loyal to a daimyo • Fought on horseback • Loose fitting clothes/armor • Bows, arrows, swords • Honor, Honor, Honor (code of Bushido)

  22. BUSHIDO • Shoguns, daimyo, and samurai all followed the code of Bushido • “The way of the warrior” – bravery, self-discipline, loyalty • Dishonor or defeat led to ritual suicide (seppuku)

  23. JAPANESE RELIGIONS ZEN BUDDHISM & SHINTOISM

  24. ZEN TEMPLES

  25. TOKYO

  26. KYOTO

  27. ZEN GARDENS

  28. ZEN OR SHINTO? • The ancient, traditional religion of Japan. It has no founder. • Worship kami. It is so old nobody remembers when exactly it began. • Came to Japan in 1191. • Meditation helps them purify their minds. • Has scripture but does not place a great deal of emphasis on it. • Worship at a shrine and the most famous is the shrine dedicated to the goddess Amaterasu. • Believe in many gods. • Individual experience/behavior is more important than scripture. Teachers can only help so much. • Is “a religion of nature”. • Strong connection with the martial arts.

  29. ZEN OR SHINTO? • The ancient, traditional religion of Japan. It has no founder. S • Worship kami. It is so old nobody remembers when exactly it began. S • Came to Japan in 1191. Z • Meditation helps them purify their minds. Z • Has scripture but does not place a great deal of emphasis on it. Z • Worship at a shrine and the most famous is the shrine dedicated to the goddess Amaterasu. S • Believe in many gods. S • Individual experience/behavior is more important than scripture. Teachers can only help so much. Z • Is “a religion of nature”. S • Strong connection with the martial arts. Z

  30. BY THE 1500S…. • Japan was in turmoil • Emperor and Shogun were figureheads • Daimyo (warlords) were fighting against each other • “the strongest eat the weak and become the meat” – Japanese saying of the time

  31. TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE • Began in 1600 when Tokugawa Ieyasubecame Shogun (lasted for 250 yrs) • Established his gov’t in Edo (Tokyo) • Emperor remained in Kyoto but Tokugawa had the real power TOKUGAWA IEYASU

  32. CHANGES UNDER THE TOKUGAWA…. Divided Daimyo into 3 groups: a. Relatives (best lands near Edo) b. Long-time supporters c. Recent supporters New rules for daimyo: a. Sankin-Kotai(“attendance by turn”) b. Permission to repair/build castles Metsuke – officials who travelled the country to look for and report trouble 4. Seclusion Policy – can’t leave country, killed upon your return METSUKE

  33. CONTACT WITH THE WEST Get out! We don’t want you here!!! • 1500s – Europeans first come to Japan • Early 1600s – Japanese cut off almost all trade (similar to Chinese response to the West)

  34. IN THE 1850s MANY JAPANESE WERE HORRIFIED WHEN THEY SAW WHAT THEY THOUGHT WERE GIANT DRAGONS PUFFING SMOKE ON THE HORIZON Of THE PACIFIC OCEAN. WHILE THEIR FEARS OF A DRAGON WERE NEVER REALIZED, A SIGNIFICANT NEW ERA IN JAPANESE HISTORY HAD BEGUN. WHAT DO YOU THINK THE JAPANESE ACTUALLY SAW AND WHAT NEW ERA WAS BEGINNING?

  35. COMMODORE MATTHEW PERRY • 1853 – 4 American warships led by Perry sailed into Edo (Tokyo) • Shogun decided to sign a treaty with the U.S. (why? – think China) • In the next 5 years Japan signed treaties with Britain, France, Holland, Russia, and the U.S. (unequal treaties – think China again)

  36. OPENING THE DOOR TO JAPAN….. • By the mid 1800s the U.S. and European countries wanted to open up Japan • Why? • Trade • Coaling port for steamships • Treatment for shipwrecked sailors J A P A N

  37. STUPID SHOGUN!!! WHY DID HE SIGN THOSE TREATIES? LET’S OVERTHROW HIM • Samurai lords were furious with the treaties • 1868 – group of samurai overthrew the Shogun and allied themselves with a new Emperor, Mutsuhito (kept the real power for themselves) • Mutsuhito was known as the Meiji (Enlightened) Emperor and the new leaders of Japan were known as the Meiji leaders

  38. JAPAN BECOMES A WORLD POWER….. • By 1890 they had: • New, stable government • b. Efficient economy • c. Strong military

  39. WHAT NEXT? …. OVERSEAS EMPIRE SINO-JAPANESE WAR (1894 – 1895) • China and Japan fight over Korea • Japan wins, Korea gains independence • Signal to the world (China weakening, Japan becoming stronger)

  40. RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR (1904-1905) • Japanese launched a surprise attack against Russia at Port Arthur (worried about Russian influence in Asia) • Japan wins and gets control of Korea and other areas • Another shock to the world, Russia was supposed to win easily; world takes notice

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