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Genetics Vocabulary: Understanding Alleles, Genes & Inheritance Patterns

Explore the world of genetics with terms like alleles, genes, dominant, recessive, and more. Learn how traits are inherited and expressed through genotypes and phenotypes.

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Genetics Vocabulary: Understanding Alleles, Genes & Inheritance Patterns

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  1. Genetics Vocabulary

  2. Allele- Gene form of a trait (represented by a letter) • Ex: Brown hair = B • Gamete- Sex cell (sperm & egg) • Gives 1 allele to offspring • Has 23 chromosomes • Dominant- Overpowers the recessive trait • Represented by capital letters • Ex: A, B, F

  3. Recessive- “Weaker”/gene hidden by dominant trait • Ex: a, b, f • Heterozygous- Having DIFFERENT alleles/genes • Ex: Hh • Homozygous- Having the SAME alleles/genes • Ex: HH, hh

  4. Genotype- The combination of alleles (letters) • Ex: BB, Bb, bb • Genotypic Ratio- • Ex BB : Bb : bb (Homo Dom : Hetero : Homo Recess)

  5. Phenotype- How the trait appears. Physical description • Ex: Brown hair, Blue eyes • Phenotypic Ratio- Ex Brown hair : Blonde hair (BB or Bb) : (bb) • Dominant trait : Recessive trait

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