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Literary Terms

Literary Terms. for Frankenstein By Mary Shelley. Point of View. The point from which the story is told. Usually the narrator, character or outside observer who tells the story. http://cctvimedia.clearchannel.com/ktvf/car%20accident.jpg. First Person Point of View.

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Literary Terms

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  1. Literary Terms for Frankenstein By Mary Shelley

  2. Point of View • The point from which the story is told. Usually the narrator, character or outside observer who tells the story. http://cctvimedia.clearchannel.com/ktvf/car%20accident.jpg

  3. First Person Point of View • When a character in the story tells the story. • Example: When “I” or “Me” is used in a story or movie to tell the story. http://www.worth1000.com/entries/42000/42129AFhe_w.jpg

  4. Second Person Point of View When “you” is used to narrate the story. It can be intimate or accusatory. This should be used in adventure and recipe books. http://www.pandora.ca/pictures9/676276.jpg

  5. Third Person Limited Point of View • The narration does not use “I” or “me”. Only he/she/it. • The narrator focuses on the thoughts and feelings of just one character. http://www.3d-screensaver-downloads.com/images/harry-potter-screensaver/big3.jpg

  6. Third Person Omniscient Point of View • The all knowing narrator can tell us about the past, present and future of all the characters (godlike). http://landru.i-link-2.net/shnyves/God.creating.stars.jpeg

  7. Narrator • The person that is telling the story. • A narrator can establish irony based on diction, tone, sarcasm, loose structure in a sentence, shift from one point of view to another, and a string of uncoordinated clauses in a passage. (Hamilton 116, 176, 187) http://www.unca.edu/housing/images/services/video-game-lending-library/videos/covers/forest-gump.jpg

  8. Setting • The time and place of a literary work. • Example: The setting for “The Cask of Amontillado” is “Early evening in an Italian city during a carnival immediately preceding Lent.”   http://cummingsstudyguides.net/Guides2/PoeTales.jpg

  9. Theme • A central message of a literary work. It is a generalization about people or about life that is communicated through the literary work. Readers think about what the work seems to say about the nature of people or about life. http://www.militarymuseum.org/Resources/saving%20private%20ryan%20poster.jpg http://victoryatseaonline.com/war/otherwars/images/patriot.gif

  10. Character • A person or an animal who takes part in the action of a literary work. Characters are sometimes classified as round or flat, dynamic or static. http://web.mit.edu/kayla/Public/Backgrounds/LOTR%20Frodo.JPG http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.numberonestars.com/movies/images2/cars.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.madeinatlantis.com/movies_central/2006/cars.htm&h=829&w=560&sz=96&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=Y6EU5SvonuLBTM:&tbnh=144&tbnw=97&prev=/images%3Fq%3DCars%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official_s%26sa%3DG

  11. Dynamic Character • This character develops and grows during the course of the story. http://www.eurpac.com/hepicts/tsdvd/princess%20diaries%20dvd.jpg

  12. Round Character • This character shows many different traits--faults as well as virtues. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.bbc.co.uk/cult/malcolm/gallery/images/340/malcolm4.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.bbc.co.uk/cult/malcolm/gallery/season3/malcolm4.shtml&h=255&w=340&sz=10&hl=en&start=16&tbnid=XhkiSujuGSyOkM:&tbnh=89&tbnw=119&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmalcom%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bmiddle%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official_s%26sa%3DG

  13. Static Character • This character does not change much in the story. http://static.flickr.com/39/82639167_4bdae091fd_m.jpg

  14. Flat Character http://www.darrenfrodsham.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/images/batman.jpg http://members.tripod.com/~film_circle/rushhour.jpg • Has only one or two traits.

  15. Stock Character • A stereotypical character that occurs frequently in literature. • Examples are: • Mad scientist • the battle scarred veteran • the strong-but-silent cowboy

  16. Protagonist • The main character in a literary work. http://www.tribute.ca/tribute_objects/images/movies/napolean_dynamite/napoleandynamite3.jpg

  17. Antagonist • A character or force in conflict with a main character or the protagonist. http://www.tvcrazy.net/tvclassics/wallpaper/superman/smallville/lex-luthor.jpg

  18. Plot • The sequence of events in a literary work. http://www.cast.org/teachingeverystudent/toolkits/images/TMP_plotdiagram_large.jpg

  19. Exposition Exposition • Is a writing or speech that explains a process or presents information. In the plot of a story or drama, the exposition is the part of the work that introduces the characters, the setting, and the basic situation.

  20. Rising Action Rising Action • All the events leading up to the climax.

  21. Climax Climax • The conflict reaches a high point of interest or suspense.

  22. Falling Action Falling Action • Follows the climax and leads to a resolution.

  23. Resolution Resolution • The end of the central conflict.

  24. Conflict • A struggle between opposing forces, usually it will form the basis of stories, novels, and plays. http://www.warnerbros.co.uk/movies/troy/img/troy_main.jpg

  25. Internal Conflict • Involves a character in conflict with himself or herself. http://www.sfrevu.com/ISSUES/2002/0201/Film%20-%20A%20Beautiful%20Mind/beautiful%20mind.jpg

  26. External Conflict • The main character struggles with an outside force. Usually the outside force consists of: • man vs. man • man vs. nature • man vs. society • man vs. supernatural (God or gods)

  27. Man vs. Man http://www.talithamackenzie.com/pics/biog/troy.jpg

  28. Man vs. Nature http://www.canadian-titanic-society.com/book_cover.jpg

  29. Man vs. Supernatural http://www.kidsclick.com/images/hercules_action.jpg

  30. Man vs. Society http://musicmoz.org/img/editors/jswafford/rememberthetitans.gif

  31. Terms and Definitions

  32. Allegory • A literary work that has a second meaning beneath the surface, often relating to a fixed, corresponding idea or moral principle.

  33. Alliteration • Repetition of initial consonants for rhyme. • Example: Sally sells seashells by the seashores.

  34. Allusion • A reference to a well-known person, place, event, literary work, or work of art. http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/b/b1/350px-Da_Vinci_The_last_supper_detail_Da_Vinci_code.jpg http://www.sonypictures.de/landing/the-da-vinci-code/images/img_1.jpg http://images.barnesandnoble.com/images/7050000/7053060.jpg

  35. Alter Ego • A literary character or narrator who is a thinly disguised representation of the author, poet, or playwright creating a work.

  36. Anaphora • Repetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row. This is a deliberate form of repetition and helps make the writer’s point more coherent. • Example: *We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end. We shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills. We shall never surrender. Churchill. http://www.crab.rutgers.edu/~awoll/churchill.jpg

  37. Apostrophe • Directly addressing an imaginary person, place, thing, or abstraction, either living, dead or absent from the work. • Example: Ophelia, in Hamlet, says, “O, heavenly powers, restore him.”

  38. Asyndeton • Intended elimination of conjunctions such as the word “and” and “for” in a list of words or phrases and clauses separated by commas. • Examples: • I came, I saw, I conquered.      -- Julius Caesar • The infantry plodded forward, the tanks rattled into position, the big guns swung  their snouts toward the rim of the hills, the planes raked the underbrush with gunfire. • ..and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish   from the earth.                  –Abraham Lincoln

  39. Assonance • REP of vowel sounds in nearby words. The cat with a hat sat on a bat named Tat.

  40. REP of middle or ending consonance sounds in nearby words. The repetition of consonants or of a consonant pattern, especially at the ends of words, as in blank and think or strong and string Consonance

  41. Connotation • A word that contains a set of ideas associated with it in addition to its explicit meaning. Based on the word, it can be personal and/or based on individual experiences. Example: “My bad” or “Sorry” “House” or “Home”

  42. Denotation • A word that is its dictionary meaning, independent of other associations that the word may have. • Example: “Gorgeous” means beautiful instead of “Da Bomb”

  43. Diction • A word choice intended to convey a certain effect. • Example: “It was easy to use that laptop” or “It was effortless using that laptop”

  44. Doppelganger The term (“ghostly double”) refers to a ghostly counterpart of a living person. Hawthorne and Poe are among the many writers who have used this device commonly to dramatize the dual nature—the “good” and “bad” selves– of a particular character.

  45. Ellipsis • Deliberate omission of a word or of words which are readily implied by the context. • And he to England shall along with you.  from Hamlet,   Act 3,  Scene 3 • Red light means stop; a green light, go.

  46. Epistolary Novel • Novel in which a character (or characters) tells the story through letters (epistles) sent to a friend, relative, etc. For example, in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, Captain Robert Walton writes letters to his sister to bring her up to date on his expedition in the Arctic. After his ship takes Victor Frankenstein aboard, he listens to Frankenstein’s story and writes it down in letter form. 

  47. Flashback • A literary or dramatic device in which an earlier event is inserted into the normal chronological order of a narrative. http://www.foxmovies.com.au/content/fox_films/277/images/SANDLOT%20THE_FLR.jpg

  48. Foil • A foil is a character who provides a contrast to another character.  In Frankenstein, Robert Walton and Victor Frankenstein are foils.

  49. Foreshadowing • The use in a literary work of clues that suggest events that have yet to occur (future action). Use of this technique helps to create suspense, keeping readers wondering and speculating about what will happen next. htt://www.hyperborea.org/journal/images/foreshadowing.jpg

  50. Framework Story A framework story is a “story within a story” – a convention used in such classical writings as the Arabian Nights and the Canterbury Tales. (Novel Units, Inc.) http://www.flash-screen.com/free-wallpaper/free,wallpapers,37841.html

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