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Literary Terms

Literary Terms. PIB English 9 & Honors 10. Plot: a series of related events, each connected to the next. Basic Situation —opening, introduction Complication —rising action, events leading to the climax Climax —key scene, turning point in the action Falling Action —loose ends being tied up

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Literary Terms

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  1. Literary Terms PIB English 9 & Honors 10

  2. Plot: a series of related events, each connected to the next • Basic Situation—opening, introduction • Complication—rising action, events leading to the climax • Climax—key scene, turning point in the action • Falling Action—loose ends being tied up • Resolution—”lived happily ever after”

  3. Conflict: struggle • Internal—man v. self • External—man v. man, man v. nature, man v. society, man v. machine, man v. supernatural

  4. Setting: the background against which the action takes place • Geographical location, including topography, scenery, and such physical arrangements as location of windows and doors in a room • Occupations and daily manners of living of the characters • The time period in which the action takes place; ex., epoch in history or time of year • The general environment of the characters, such as religions, mental, moral, social, and emotional conditions

  5. Flashback: a device by which a work presents material that occurred prior to the opening scene of the work • Recollections, narration, dream sequences, reveries

  6. Foreshadowing: preparation of material in a work in such a way that later events are prepared for • A character says something to make us believe something is going to happen; cryptic • In movies and TV, a popular method is using music: the warm fuzzy moment, the ax murderer in the kitchen, the kissy scene

  7. Tone: the attitudes toward the subject and toward the audience implied in a literary work Author puts it in . . .

  8. Mood: the emotional and intellectual attitude of the author toward the subject …reader gets it out

  9. Characterization: the creation of imaginary persons so that they seem lifelike Direct: the writer tells readers outright what the character is like Indirect: readers make inferences and draw conclusions based on textual evidence Speech Appearance Thoughts Others’ feelings Actions

  10. Protagonist: the chief character in a work; contestant of the antagonist

  11. Antagonist: the character directly opposed to the protagonist; rival, opponent, or enemy of the protagonist

  12. Round Character: a character sufficiently complex to be able to surprise the reader without losing credibility Flat Character: a character constructed around a single idea or quality; usually represented by a single statement

  13. Static Character: a character who changes little if at all. Things happen to them without modifying their interior selves Dynamic Character: a character who develops or changes as a result of the actions of the plot

  14. Point of View: the vantage point from which a writer tells a story Omniscient—all knowing • Can see everything • Provides details that are intimate to the character • The storyteller is outside of the story’s action

  15. First Person—”I” or persona • The “I” tells the story • Direct participant in the action • Represents only what “I” sees, hears, knows, things, and feels • Bias: credibility is in question

  16. Third Person Limited—”Zooming in” • Story is told by an outside observer who may or may not be involved in the action • Uses he, she, they pronouns • Plot events are limited to those observed

  17. Narrator: anyone who tells a story

  18. Satire: a work or manner that blends a censorious attitude with humor and wit for improving human institutions or humanity; the satirist attempts through laughter not so much to tear down as to inspire remodeling

  19. Diction: word choice

  20. Theme: a central idea, the subject of the piece • Theme must be expressed in a complete sentence! Theme ≠ Topic Topic: Racism Theme: Racism eats away at the fibers of society and weakens the structure of humanity. Theme = Topic + Opinion

  21. Irony: the reality of a situation is different from its appearance • Verbal—saying something other than what is meant; not as harsh as sarcasm • Dramatic—the audience knows something the characters do not • Situational—a situation that is expected to happen, or that is intended to happen, is not what actually does happen

  22. Ambiguity: the state of having more than one meaning, with resulting uncertainty as to the intended significance of the statement • Teachers strike idle kids • War dims hope for peace • Enraged cow injures farmer with ax • Miners refuse to work after death • Include your children when baking cookies

  23. Symbolism: the use of one object to represent or suggest another

  24. Allegory: a form of extended metaphor in which objects, persons, and actions in a narrative are equated with meanings that lie outside the narrative itself

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