First Aid Dressing and Bandaging

1. First Aid Dressing and Bandaging Module 2

2. First Aid Dressing and Bandaging Objective Use as a cover To immobilize To support To secure dressing Serve as a pad Arrest bleeding

3. First Aid Dressing and Bandaging • Guidelines in dressing and bandaging • Sterile or clean material • Bleeding is controlled. • Adequately covers the wound. • Not too tight or it may interfere with the blood supply and damage surrounding tissue. • No loose ends that could get caught on other objects while the patient is being moved. • If soaked with blood, leave the first dressing and apply a new one

4. First Aid Dressing and Bandaging • Expose the tips of the fingers or toes so that any interference with circulation can be detected. • Bandage the body part in its original position sustained after the injury • Adjust bandage when the casualty complaint of discomfort • Unless otherwise specified, all knots should be tied over open wounds to help control bleeding. • Use reef knot to tie bandages

5. First Aid Dressing and Bandaging • Precaution • Check circulation of the affected part after bandaging every 10 minutes thereafter. To loosen bandage if it shows signs of constriction • Signs and symptoms of impaired circulation • Skin discoloration with engorged veins • Swollen and congested limb • Feeling of distention in the limbs • Numbness • Tingling sensation • Pain • Inability to move affected fingers or toes

6. First Aid Dressing and Bandaging • Types of bandages • Roller bandage • Triangular bandage • Roller Bandages • Choose the correct size of bandage for different body parts

7. First Aid Dressing and BandagingRoller Bandage • Rules in applying a roller bandage • Head of the bandage held uppermost • Begin from within outwards • Cover 2/3 while leaving 1/3 exposed • Position yourself in front of the casualty • Support injured part while bandaging

8. First Aid Dressing and BandagingRoller Bandage • Pattern in roller bandaging (instructor to demonstrate pattern of ba. ndaging) • Simple spiral • Start with simple spiral and end up with simple spiral • Use on body parts which is parallel • Reverse spica • Use on body parts which widens gradually. E.g. limbs

9. First Aid Dressing and Bandaging • Triangular Bandage

10. First Aid Dressing and BandagingTriangular bandage • Making a broad fold and narrow bandage (instructor to demonstrate broad-fold and narrow - fold bandage)

11. First Aid Dressing and Bandaging • Reef Knot • Avoid tying the knot around or directly over the injury itself (instructor to demonstrate broad-fold and narrow - fold bandage. Participants to practice)

12. First Aid Dressing and BandagingTriangular bandage • Use as a cover (instructor to demonstrate and participants to practice) Scalp Bandage Foot Bandage Palm bandage (same pattern)

13. First Aid Dressing and BandagingTriangular bandage • Use as a cover • Scalp • Shoulder • Hip • Knee • Foot

14. First Aid Dressing and Bandaging Triangular bandage • Use as a support (instructor to demonstrate and participants to practice) 1. Large Arm Sling 2. Elevation Sling

15. First Aid Dressing and Bandaging • Cold Compress • Reduce swelling • Reduce pain • Types • Cold pad • A towel soaked in cold water • Ice pack • A bag filled with ice

16. First Aid Dressing and BandagingCold compress • Precaution • Do not apply ice directly on to affected part • Always wrap ice pack with a cloth • Not to use more than 10 minutes at one application

17. First Aid Dressing and Bandaging • Removing head gear • Aim • Minimize movement of the head and neck • Types of head gear • Open-face • Full-face

18. First Aid Dressing and BandagingRemoving Head gear • Technique in removing open-face helmet • Cut/unfasten the chin strap • Support the casualty’s neck and head • Helper to grip the side of the helmet from above and pull them apart to release pressure • Lift the helmet upwards and backwards See image of Open-face helmet on next slide

19. First Aid Dressing and BandagingRemoving Head gear

20. First Aid Dressing and BandagingRemoving Head gear • Technique in removing full-face helmet • Unfasten/cut the strap • Support the neck via nape and hold the lower jaw • Ease your finger underneath the rim and ask the helper to hold the base with both hands • Helper to tilt the helmet backward and lift the front clearing the casualty’s chin • Helper to tilt the helmet forward so it will pass the base of the skull • Lift the helmet straight off the casualty’s head

21. First Aid Dressing and BandagingRemoving Head gear

22. First Aid Dressing and BandagingRemoving Head gear Support the Jaw Support the head and neck

23. First Aid Dressing and BandagingRemoving Head gear • Precaution • Do not remove the helmet unless it is necessary • Support the head and neck at all times • Keep the head aligned with the spine

24. First Aid Dressing and BandagingFirst Aid Kit • First Aid Kit • Criteria and Requirements • Clearly marked and easily accessible • Portable and compact – able to be taken to the site of an emergency. • Contents of kit will vary depending on the anticipated number of people is designed to protect as well as circumstances where it will be used. • Check and replenish first aid kit contents regularly. • Replace items that are out of date.

25. First Aid Dressing and BandagingFirst Aid Kit • Contents in First Aid Kit • Bandages – triangular bandage ( three to eight pieces ) and roller bandage. • Dressings – adhesive plaster, sterile eye pads, sterile dressing in a pack. • Gloves disposable • Safety pins • Scissors • Cleaning wipes alcohol free for wounds

26. First Aid Dressing and BandagingFirst Aid Kit • Contents in First Aid Kit • Scissors and tweezers • Pocket face mask or plastic shield for CPR • Smelling salt • Thermometer digital • Insect repellent • Small booklet and pencil • Antiseptic Cream • Torchlight

27. The end Module 2 First Aid Dressing and Bandaging For training purpose only . Not for sale