first aid

1. Volunteer Marine Rescue 2 TDM MF1007B first aid

2. Types of Bleeding External Internal Can be Arterial, Venous or Capillary

3. Control of Bleeding After exposing apply direct pressure to the wound. Elevate the injured area of the level of the heart

4. Control of Bleeding Apply a pressure bandage using either a folded triangular bandage, or - A roller bandage. Rest of the casualty

5. Amputations Management

6. Amputations Management First Step - the Casualty Control Bleeding. Reassure the Casualty. Second Step - the Severed Part. Retrieve the severed part and place in a plastic bag. Place the bag into iced water. Then Seek Medical Treatment

7. Wounds Bruise (Contusion) A bruise, or contusion, is an injury to soft tissue layers and vessels beneath the skin, causing internal bleeding. When blood and other fluids seep into the surrounding tissues the area discolours and swells.

8. Wounds Abrasion An abrasion is the most common type of open wound. It is characterised by in which has been rubbed or scraped away. Commonly called a carpet burn or gravel rash.

9. Wounds Incision An incision is a cut usually from a sharp object with smooth edges. Incisions are commonly caused by sharp objects such as knives, scissors or broken glass.

10. Wounds Laceration A laceration is like an incision but has jagged edges. Lacerations are commonly caused by sharp edged objects that can also result when a blunt force splits the skin. It often occurs in areas where bone lies directly under the skin.

11. Wounds Avulsion An avulsion is an injury in which a portion of the skin, and sometimes other soft tissue, are partially or completely torn away.

12. Wounds Puncture Wound A puncture wound results when the skin is pierced with a pointed object such as a nail, piece of glass, splinter, knife, bullet or an animal bite.

13. Wounds Imbedded Object An object that remains in a puncture wound is called an embedded object.

14. Nose Injuries • Fractures • Soft Tissue Damage • Swelling • Bleeding Possible Airway Obstruction

15. Teeth • Check For Fractures • Replace the Knocked Out Teeth • Ensure Airway is Clear • Control Bleeding • Soak in Milk Mouthguards Prevent Dental Injuries.

16. Head Wounds Bleeding from the scalp. Do Not apply pressure if Brain is visible in the wound. Apply a dressing. Bandage the head.

17. Abdominal Wounds Person is conscious: • For imbedded object or suspected internal injury: • DO NOT remove. • NO pressure bandage • Lightly cover wound • Place person on back with head and neck raised • Knees elevated with blanket etc • Observe person for signs of shock • Seek medical aid. All unconscious persons to be placed carefully in the lateral position.

18. Circulatory Disorders • Shock. • Fainting. • Heart Disease. • Angina Pectoris. • Coronary Occlusion. • Chronic Heart Failure. • Transient Ischaemic Attack / Stroke.

19. Shock • When the body is healthy, three conditions are needed to maintain adequate blood flow. • The heart must be working well. • An adequate amount of oxygen rich blood must be circulating in the body. • The blood vessels must be intact and able to adjust blood flow.

20. Signs of Shock

21. Care for Shock Always follow the emergency action principles and give the following specific care: • Control any external bleeding as soon as possible. • Reassure the person and help them to rest comfortably. • Help the person to maintain normal body temperature. • Continue checking the ABC and level of response. • Elevate the legs slightly to assist the return of blood flow to vital organs. Some conditions or injuries make this inadvisable. If you are unsure of the persons condition do not raise the legs. • Do not give the person anything to eat or drink. • Call an ambulance immediately.

22. Fainting Symptoms and signs Fainting may occur with or without warning. The following symptoms and signs may occur: • Feeling light-headed or dizzy • Signs of shock such as pale, cool, moist skin • Numbness or tingling in the fingers and toes • Nausea

23. Fainting Care for Fainting • If the person is responding, leave them lying flat. • Reassure the person. • If unconscious, place the person on their side and check the A.B.C. • Elevate the person’s legs if possible. • Loosen any tight clothing. • Do not give the person anything to eat or drink.

24. Congestive Heart Failure (Chronic Heart Failure) Symptoms and signs • Severe breathlessness • Coughing or wheezing • Noisy gurgling breath • Swelling of feet and ankles or abdomen • Tiredness and severe fatigue.

25. Angina Care for Angina • Help the person into a comfortable resting position. • Reassure the person. • Assist the persons with prescribed medication. • If symptoms continue call an ambulance.

26. Heart Attack Signs and Symptoms: • Chest pain. • Shortness of breath. • Pale cold and clammy • Nausea. • Fatigue. • Feeling of dread. • Sudden collapse. 000

27. Heart Attack Care for Heart Attack • Stop any activity. • Help the person to a comfortable resting position. • Call an ambulance. • Assist with prescribed medication. • Monitor vital signs. • Be calm and reassuring. • Be prepared to give CPR.

28. Stroke Signs and Symptoms: • One sided paralysis. • Altered the level of consciousness. • Slurred or garbled speech. • Flushed face. • Seizures. • Pounding pulse. • Different sized pupils.

29. Dressings & Bandages All open wounds need some type of covering to help control bleeding and prevent infection. These coverings are commonly referred to as dressings and bandages, of which there are many different types. The type you use and your method of applying it depend upon the type of injury and materials at hand.

30. Dressings & Bandages Steps for applying a Roller Bandage.

31. Dressings & Bandages Steps for applying a Roller Bandage.

32. Dressings & Bandages Steps for applying a Figure of Eight Roller Bandage.

33. Dressings & Bandages Steps for applying a Figure of Eight Roller Bandage.

34. Dressings & Bandages Applying a roller bandage around an elbow of knee.

35. Dressings & Bandages Applying a roller bandage around an elbow of knee.

36. Dressings & Bandages Applying a roller bandage to the hand.

37. Dressings & Bandages Applying a roller bandage to the hand.

38. Dressings & Bandages Applying a bulky dressing to support the object.

39. Dressings & Bandages Applying bandages over the dressing to control bleeding.