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Nation alism

Nation alism. 29.2 | The Destroyer of Empires. The Balkans. Slavic nation alism Russian Pan-Slav ism Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman decay : 1908 Young Turks Destabilization led to conflict The Great Powers exerted influence to “ stabilize ” A-H annexes Bosnia

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Nation alism

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  1. Nationalism 29.2 | The Destroyer of Empires

  2. The Balkans • Slavic nationalism • Russian Pan-Slavism • Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman decay: 1908 Young Turks • Destabilization led to conflict • The Great Powers exerted influence to “stabilize” • A-H annexes Bosnia • France, Great Britain, and Germany feud over Africa crises

  3. Sarajevo 1914 Demands • Capital of Bosnia • Archduke Franz Ferdinand of A-H [heir] • Touring city for support • Assassinated by a Bosnian nationalist • German – A-H alliance • Wilhelm II pledges full support against Serbia • Austria-Hungary’s ultimatum • Russian pan-Slavism • Began a partial mobilization to threaten A-H aggression • Germany viewed this as an act of war • Their biggest fear was growing

  4. Heyy The Schlieffen Plan • Germany feared a two-front war • Franco-Russian alliance • France as bigger threat • Russian slower to mobilize • All-out preemptive attack on France • Eliminate them in 6 weeks [Russian mobilization] • Tensions mounting • France assures Russia it will support them • Austria orders mobilization against Russia • Russia and Germany orders full mobilization

  5. The Balance Breaks • Britain guaranteed Belgian neutrality • August 3 Germany invades Belgium [Schlieffen Plan] • The “domino effect” • The Triple Entente [later called the “Allies”] • Had superior numbers • Had superior financial resources • Had command of the sea • The Central Powers [Germany, A-H, Ottomans] • Internal communication • On the attack

  6. The Germans halted • The Battle of the Marne: September 1914 • The speed of the advance led to miscommunication • The “Western Front” • The Allies entrenched; then the Central Powers • Machine gun nests and artillery • The “Eastern Front” • Russian advances into Austria • The Germans assist Austria • The Battle of TannenbergAugust 1914 • Russian second army destroyed

  7. Stalemate • Both sides sought more support • Italy joins the Allies 1915 • The Ottomans and Bulgaria join the Central Powers 1915 • Romania joins the Allies 1916 [fail] • Japan attacked German colonies in the East • First Lord of the Admiralty [Britain] Winston Churchill • Proposes an invasion of the Dardanelles for Constantinople • Hurt Ottomans; open up communications with Russia • Failure and 150,000 casualties: 1915 • Western Front • Verdun [CP] 1916: nearly a million casualties • Somme [A] 1916: over a million casualties

  8. Changing Fortunes • The Lusitaniatorpedoed 1915 [US isolationism continues] • German submarine warfare: British trade • US funding of war: the reality of the Lusitania • Woodrow Wilson • Sought to negotiate an end to the war 1916 [fail] • Tsarist Russia collapses • Germany’s steady advance • Russian political instability [treaty Brest-Litovsk 1918] • German Spring Offensive 1918 • The balance of power: United States April 1917

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