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Adolescence – Biosocial Development

Adolescence – Biosocial Development. Ages 11 to 18 What body changes develop during adolescence?. When does Puberty begin?. Menarche = First menstrual period Spermarche = First ejaculation Between 8 & 14 2/3 of the variation is genetic. What are the changes in Puberty?.

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Adolescence – Biosocial Development

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  1. Adolescence – Biosocial Development Ages 11 to 18 What body changes develop during adolescence?

  2. When does Puberty begin? • Menarche = First menstrual period • Spermarche = First ejaculation • Between 8 & 14 • 2/3 of the variation is genetic

  3. What are the changes in Puberty?

  4. What Physical changes occur? • For girls • Breast development – growth spurt – menarche • For boys • Testes – initial pubic hair - spermarche

  5. What is the Growth spurt? • Typical growth spurt • Weight – Height – Muscle

  6. What organs increase? • Lungs triple in size • Heart doubles in size • Skin becomes oilier (acne) • Pubic hair develops

  7. How do glands change? • Hormones are secreted from: • Pituitary gland • Regulates growth • Controls adrenal and sex glands • Adrenal glands begin producing • Stress hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine • Gonads • Ovaries – female- Produce Estradiol (Estrogen) and Ova • Testicles – male – Produce Testosterone and sperm • Each sex produces an increased small amount of the other sex hormone

  8. How do hormones effect emotions? • Relationship is Reciprocal • Hormones and trigger emotions, and emotions can trigger hormones Emotions Hormones

  9. What happens to adolescent logic and emotions? • Excitement and emotional areas (Limbic system & Amygdala) develop before emotional regulation, analysis, and impulse control (Prefrontal cortex) develops. • When emotions are intense, the logical part of the brain shuts down • Deaths from accidents • Fun of immediate sex VS pregnancy & STD’s

  10. Do you remember? • What signals the beginning of puberty in boys and girls? • In what order does the growth spurt occur? • What are the changes in organs and glands? • What is the relationship between hormones and emotions? • What is the relationship between adolescent emotions and logic?

  11. What effect does puberty have on body rhythms? • Circadian rhythms (the day – night cycle) • Puberty alters the body rhythms • E.g. Awake at midnight and sleeping in the morning

  12. How does body fat effect puberty? • Obesity = early onset of puberty • Malnutrition = late onset of puberty • Dramatic loss of weight will cause your period to stop • Concentration camp • Marathon training

  13. How does stress effect puberty? • Family conflict & stress = early onset of puberty • Stress hormones are a direct cause of early puberty • Genes may be a factor • Early puberty = early sex • Increased sexual risk taking – More partners, pregnancies, & diseases

  14. Why is Hitting puberty at normal ages is best? • Early maturing girls • May be teased by boys • Lower self-esteem • More depression • Poorer body image • Early maturing boys • More aggression • Law-breaking • Alcohol-abusing • Early maturing in both sexes • Sexual activity & pregnancy = depression and other psychosocial problems

  15. Do you remember? • What are the circadian rhythms that effect puberty? • How does body fat effect puberty? • What is the effect of family stress and conflict on puberty? • Why is hitting puberty at normal ages best?

  16. Nutrition

  17. Body image • Anxiety about body image • Girls = Diet to get thin • Boys like thin girls • Boys = Taller and stronger • Girls like tall strong boys

  18. How do eating disorders effect adolescents?

  19. How does Anorexia effect adolescents? • Self-starvation • Sees herself as fat when she is not • Fear of weight gain • Absence of menstruation • (Both adolescents and adults) • BMI = 18 or lower

  20. How does bulimia effect adolescents? • Binge (Compulsive overeating) and purge (Vomiting and laxatives) • Close to normal weight • Hormones • Childhood eating patterns • E.g. “eat everything on your plate”

  21. What can cause disordered eating? • Origins • Culture – Fast food culture • Stress – Comfort food • Puberty • One strategy to reduce eating problems • Family eating together during childhood

  22. Do you remember? • What is anorexia? • What can cause it? • What is bulimia? • What can cause it? • What is one strategy to reduce eating problems?

  23. What Sexual Maturation occurs? • Primary sex characteristics • Directly involved in reproduction • Uterus and testes grow • Secondary sex characteristics • Not directly involved in reproduction • Beard and breasts

  24. What factors effect Sexual activity? • Hormones - Thoughts and emotions • Society (Social context) - shapes thoughts, fantasies, shame, guilt, actual behavior • Religion – Shapes behavior • Virginity pledge • Delays first intercourse • Increases later pregnancy due to not using protection

  25. What are the effects of early pregnancy? • Pregnant before age 15 • High blood pressure • Spontaneous abortion • Still born • Low birth weight • Other lifelong medical, educational and social problems • Poverty • Lack of education • No husband • Depression • Drug use

  26. Do you remember? • What changes does sexual maturation produce? • What are the effects of early pregnancy?

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