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PARASITOLOGY. Prepared by : Reem Aldossari. General characteristics. The Protozoa are the simplest and most primitive animals. They live either singly or in colonies. Some are parasitic. They are usually defined as "unicellular" animals. Amoeba Habitat: freshwater ponds.
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PARASITOLOGY Prepared by : Reem Aldossari
General characteristics • The Protozoa are the simplest and most primitive animals. • They live either singly or in colonies. Some are parasitic. • They are usually defined as "unicellular" animals.
Amoeba • Habitat:freshwater ponds. • Means of locomotion: pseudopodia. • Reproduction mechanism:asexually by binary fission, and under unfavourable conditions it encysts. • Shape and characteristics:quite irregular in shape; the body changes its shape constantly with the formation and withdrawal of the pseudopodia. Kingdom :Protista Phylum: Sarcomastigophora Subphylum: Sarcodina Genus : Amoeba Species :Amoeba
nucleus Contractile vacuole Food vacuoles Ectoplasm Endoplasm pseudopodia
Entamoeba histolytica Kingdom :Protista Phylum: Sarcomastigophora Subphylum: Sarcodina Genus: Endamoeba Species: Endamoeba histolytica • Entamoeba histolytica: causes amoebic dysentery. Life cycle: • The trophozoite:feeding-dividing form)It has one pseudopodia). • Cyst:have 4 nuclei (infective stages( • Infective stage:Cyst. • Mode of infection:contamination of food and water with cyst. • Characteristic features:Cyst have 4 nuclei. Trophozoite have RBCs in their vacuoles.
Kingdom :Protista Phylum: Sarcomastigophora Subphylum: Sarcodina Genus: Endamoeba Species: Endamoeba coli Entamoeba coli • Endamoeba coli:does not cause any known disease • Habitat:large intestine of human . • Characteristics:mature cysts have 8 nuclei
Euglena Kingdom :Protista Phylum : Sarcomastigophora Subphylum : Mastigophora Class : Phytomastigophora Genus : Euglena • Habitat:ponds and stagnant water. • Characteristics:Green in colour (have chloroplasts) • Means of locomotion:flagellum • Reproduction:asexually by longitudinal binary fission and is able to form a cyst.
Flagellum Eyespot Second flagellum Nucleus Chloroplast
Paramecium Kingdom : Protista Phylum: Ciliophora Genus: Paramecium Means of locomotion:cilia Habitat:freshwater ponds where decaying organic matter is abundant, feeding on it and on bacteria and other micro-organisms. Reproduction:asexually by transverse binary fission, and sexually by conjugation . Characteristics:the numerous cilia covering the whole surface of the body. They have two contractile vacuoles and two nuclei: a large oval macronucleus (for vegetative functions), and a small micronucleus (for reproduction).
Trypanosoma Kingdom : Protista Phylum: Sarcomastigophora Subphylum: Mastigophora Class: Zoomastigophora Genus: Trypanosoma Species: gambiense Trypanosoma gambiense Intermediate host:insect or leech Habitat in intermediate host:alimentary canal Definite host:human. Habitat in definite host:blood of man Causes the disease:sleeping sickness. Means of locomotion:flagellum. Feeding habits:absorbing the nutrient substances from the host. Reproduction:reproduce asexually by longitudinal binary fission. Major characteristics: long slender, undulating a whip-like flagellum.
Plasmodium malariae Kingdom: Protista Phylum: Apicomplexa Class: Sporozoa Genus: plasmodium Species: Plasmodium malaria Trophozoite: habitat:live intracellularly in the blood corpuscles of its vertebrate host. Causes the disease:malaria fever to man. Vector:a mosquito belonging to the genus Anopheles.
Life cycle: • Ring stage • Trophozoite • Merzoites stage • Release of merozoites
Macrogametocyte Release of merozoites Formation of Merozoites Microgametocyte Ring stage Trophzoite stage
2 3 1 الأميبا (Amoeba) 1- نواة Nucleus 2- أرجل كاذبة Pseudopodia 3- فجوة غذائية Food vacuole
1 2 3 حوصلة انتاميبا كولايEntamoeba coli 1- جدار الحويصلة Cyst Wall 2- (4-8) أنوية 4-8 Nuclei 3- سيتوبلازم Cytoplasm
1 2 3 حوصلة انتاميبا هستوليتكاEntamoeba histolytica 1- جدار الحويصلة Cyst Wall 2- (1-4) أنوية 1-4 Nuclei 3- سيتوبلازم Cytoplasm اعداد الأستاذة/ أفراح الخريجي
1 3 2 اليوجلينا (Euglena) 1- السوط Flagellum 2- فجوة متقبضة Contractile vacuole 3- نواة Nucleus
1 2 3 4 التريبانوسوما (Trypanosoma) 1- كريات دم حمراء Red blood cell 2- السوط Flagellum 3- غشاء متموج Undulating membrane 4- نواة Nucleus
1 2 البلازموديوم Plasmodium 1- الطور الحلقي Ring Stage 2- كريات دم حمراء Red blood cell
1 2 البلازموديوم Plasmodium 1- الطور الأميبي Amoeboid stage 2- كريات دم حمراء Red blood cell
1 2 البلازموديوم Plasmodium 1- الشيزونت( تكوين الميروزيتات ) Schizonte(formation of merozoites) 2- كريات دم حمراء Red blood cell
1 2 البلازموديوم Plasmodium 1- إنطلاق الميروزيتات Release of merozoites 2- كريات دم حمراء Red blood cell
1 4 2 3 4 البراميسيوم (Paramecium) 1- أهداب Cilia 2- نواة كبيرة macronucleus 3- نواة صغيرة micronucleus 4- فجوة متقبضة Contractile vacuole