
PARASITOLOGY Prepared by : Reem Aldossari
General characteristics • The Protozoa are the simplest and most primitive animals. • They live either singly or in colonies. Some are parasitic. • They are usually defined as "unicellular" animals.
Amoeba • Habitat:freshwater ponds. • Means of locomotion: pseudopodia. • Reproduction mechanism:asexually by binary fission, and under unfavourable conditions it encysts. • Shape and characteristics:quite irregular in shape; the body changes its shape constantly with the formation and withdrawal of the pseudopodia. Kingdom :Protista Phylum: Sarcomastigophora Subphylum: Sarcodina Genus : Amoeba Species :Amoeba
nucleus Contractile vacuole Food vacuoles Ectoplasm Endoplasm pseudopodia
Entamoeba histolytica Kingdom :Protista Phylum: Sarcomastigophora Subphylum: Sarcodina Genus: Endamoeba Species: Endamoeba histolytica • Entamoeba histolytica: causes amoebic dysentery. Life cycle: • The trophozoite:feeding-dividing form)It has one pseudopodia). • Cyst:have 4 nuclei (infective stages( • Infective stage:Cyst. • Mode of infection:contamination of food and water with cyst. • Characteristic features:Cyst have 4 nuclei. Trophozoite have RBCs in their vacuoles.
Kingdom :Protista Phylum: Sarcomastigophora Subphylum: Sarcodina Genus: Endamoeba Species: Endamoeba coli Entamoeba coli • Endamoeba coli:does not cause any known disease • Habitat:large intestine of human . • Characteristics:mature cysts have 8 nuclei
Euglena Kingdom :Protista Phylum : Sarcomastigophora Subphylum : Mastigophora Class : Phytomastigophora Genus : Euglena • Habitat:ponds and stagnant water. • Characteristics:Green in colour (have chloroplasts) • Means of locomotion:flagellum • Reproduction:asexually by longitudinal binary fission and is able to form a cyst.
Flagellum Eyespot Second flagellum Nucleus Chloroplast
Paramecium Kingdom : Protista Phylum: Ciliophora Genus: Paramecium Means of locomotion:cilia Habitat:freshwater ponds where decaying organic matter is abundant, feeding on it and on bacteria and other micro-organisms. Reproduction:asexually by transverse binary fission, and sexually by conjugation . Characteristics:the numerous cilia covering the whole surface of the body. They have two contractile vacuoles and two nuclei: a large oval macronucleus (for vegetative functions), and a small micronucleus (for reproduction).
Trypanosoma Kingdom : Protista Phylum: Sarcomastigophora Subphylum: Mastigophora Class: Zoomastigophora Genus: Trypanosoma Species: gambiense Trypanosoma gambiense Intermediate host:insect or leech Habitat in intermediate host:alimentary canal Definite host:human. Habitat in definite host:blood of man Causes the disease:sleeping sickness. Means of locomotion:flagellum. Feeding habits:absorbing the nutrient substances from the host. Reproduction:reproduce asexually by longitudinal binary fission. Major characteristics: long slender, undulating a whip-like flagellum.
Plasmodium malariae Kingdom: Protista Phylum: Apicomplexa Class: Sporozoa Genus: plasmodium Species: Plasmodium malaria Trophozoite: habitat:live intracellularly in the blood corpuscles of its vertebrate host. Causes the disease:malaria fever to man. Vector:a mosquito belonging to the genus Anopheles.
Life cycle: • Ring stage • Trophozoite • Merzoites stage • Release of merozoites
Macrogametocyte Release of merozoites Formation of Merozoites Microgametocyte Ring stage Trophzoite stage
2 3 1 الأميبا (Amoeba) 1- نواة Nucleus 2- أرجل كاذبة Pseudopodia 3- فجوة غذائية Food vacuole
1 2 3 حوصلة انتاميبا كولايEntamoeba coli 1- جدار الحويصلة Cyst Wall 2- (4-8) أنوية 4-8 Nuclei 3- سيتوبلازم Cytoplasm
1 2 3 حوصلة انتاميبا هستوليتكاEntamoeba histolytica 1- جدار الحويصلة Cyst Wall 2- (1-4) أنوية 1-4 Nuclei 3- سيتوبلازم Cytoplasm اعداد الأستاذة/ أفراح الخريجي
1 3 2 اليوجلينا (Euglena) 1- السوط Flagellum 2- فجوة متقبضة Contractile vacuole 3- نواة Nucleus
1 2 3 4 التريبانوسوما (Trypanosoma) 1- كريات دم حمراء Red blood cell 2- السوط Flagellum 3- غشاء متموج Undulating membrane 4- نواة Nucleus
1 2 البلازموديوم Plasmodium 1- الطور الحلقي Ring Stage 2- كريات دم حمراء Red blood cell
1 2 البلازموديوم Plasmodium 1- الطور الأميبي Amoeboid stage 2- كريات دم حمراء Red blood cell
1 2 البلازموديوم Plasmodium 1- الشيزونت( تكوين الميروزيتات ) Schizonte(formation of merozoites) 2- كريات دم حمراء Red blood cell
1 2 البلازموديوم Plasmodium 1- إنطلاق الميروزيتات Release of merozoites 2- كريات دم حمراء Red blood cell
1 4 2 3 4 البراميسيوم (Paramecium) 1- أهداب Cilia 2- نواة كبيرة macronucleus 3- نواة صغيرة micronucleus 4- فجوة متقبضة Contractile vacuole