1. PARASITOLOGY Prepared by : Reem Aldossari

2. General characteristics • The Protozoa are the simplest and most primitive animals. • They live either singly or in colonies. Some are parasitic. • They are usually defined as "unicell­ular" animals.

3. Amoeba • Habitat:freshwater ponds. • Means of locomotion: pseudopodia. • Reproduction mechanism:asexually by binary fission, and under unfavourable conditions it encysts. • Shape and characteristics:quite irregular in shape; the body changes its shape constantly with the formation and withdrawal of the pseudopodia. Kingdom :Protista Phylum: Sarcomastigophora Subphylum: Sarcodina Genus : Amoeba Species :Amoeba

4. nucleus Contractile vacuole Food vacuoles Ectoplasm Endoplasm pseudopodia

5. Entamoeba histolytica Kingdom :Protista Phylum: Sarcomastigophora Subphylum: Sarcodina Genus: Endamoeba Species: Endamoeba histolytica • Entamoeba histolytica: causes amoebic dysentery. Life cycle: • The trophozoite:feeding-dividing form)It has one pseudopodia). • Cyst:have 4 nuclei (infective stages( • Infective stage:Cyst. • Mode of infection:contamination of food and water with cyst. • Characteristic features:Cyst have 4 nuclei. Trophozoite have RBCs in their vacuoles.

6. Kingdom :Protista Phylum: Sarcomastigophora Subphylum: Sarcodina Genus: Endamoeba Species: Endamoeba coli Entamoeba coli • Endamoeba coli:does not cause any known disease • Habitat:large intestine of human . • Characteristics:mature cysts have 8 nuclei

7. Euglena Kingdom :Protista Phylum : Sarcomastigophora Subphylum : Mastigophora Class : Phytomastigophora Genus : Euglena • Habitat:ponds and stagnant water. • Characteristics:Green in colour (have chloroplasts) • Means of locomotion:flagellum • Repro­duction:asexually by long­itudinal binary fission and is able to form a cyst.

8. Flagellum Eyespot Second flagellum Nucleus Chloroplast

9. Paramecium Kingdom : Protista Phylum: Ciliophora Genus: Paramecium Means of locomotion:cilia Habitat:freshwater ponds where decaying organic matter is abundant, feeding on it and on bacteria and other micro-organisms. Reproduction:asexually by transverse binary fission, and sexually by conjugation . Characteristics:the numerous cilia covering the whole surface of the body. They have two contractile vacuoles and two nuclei: a large oval macro­nucleus (for vegetative functions), and a small micronucleus (for reproduc­tion).

10. Trypanosoma Kingdom : Protista Phylum: Sarcomastigophora Subphylum: Mastigophora Class: Zoomastigophora Genus: Trypanosoma Species: gambiense Trypanosoma gambiense Intermediate host:insect or leech Habitat in intermediate host:alimentary canal Definite host:human. Habitat in definite host:blood of man Causes the disease:sleeping sickness. Means of locomotion:flagellum. Feeding habits:absorbing the nutrient subs­tances from the host. Reproduction:reproduce asexually by longitudinal binary fission. Major characteristics: long slender, undulating a whip-like flagellum.

12. Plasmodium malariae Kingdom: Protista Phylum: Apicomplexa Class: Sporozoa Genus: plasmodium Species: Plasmodium malaria Trophozoite: habitat:live intracellu­larly in the blood corpuscles of its vertebrate host. Causes the disease:malaria fever to man. Vector:a mosquito belonging to the genus Anopheles.

13. Life cycle: • Ring stage • Trophozoite • Merzoites stage • Release of merozoites

14. Macrogametocyte Release of merozoites Formation of Merozoites Microgametocyte Ring stage Trophzoite stage

15. Under The microscope

16. 2 3 1 الأميبا (Amoeba) 1- نواة Nucleus 2- أرجل كاذبة Pseudopodia 3- فجوة غذائية Food vacuole

17. 1 2 3 حوصلة انتاميبا كولايEntamoeba coli 1- جدار الحويصلة Cyst Wall 2- (4-8) أنوية 4-8 Nuclei 3- سيتوبلازم Cytoplasm

18. 1 2 3 حوصلة انتاميبا هستوليتكاEntamoeba histolytica 1- جدار الحويصلة Cyst Wall 2- (1-4) أنوية 1-4 Nuclei 3- سيتوبلازم Cytoplasm اعداد الأستاذة/ أفراح الخريجي

19. 1 3 2 اليوجلينا (Euglena) 1- السوط Flagellum 2- فجوة متقبضة Contractile vacuole 3- نواة Nucleus

20. 1 2 3 4 التريبانوسوما (Trypanosoma) 1- كريات دم حمراء Red blood cell 2- السوط Flagellum 3- غشاء متموج Undulating membrane 4- نواة Nucleus

21. 1 2 البلازموديوم Plasmodium 1- الطور الحلقي Ring Stage 2- كريات دم حمراء Red blood cell

22. 1 2 البلازموديوم Plasmodium 1- الطور الأميبي Amoeboid stage 2- كريات دم حمراء Red blood cell

23. 1 2 البلازموديوم Plasmodium 1- الشيزونت( تكوين الميروزيتات ) Schizonte(formation of merozoites) 2- كريات دم حمراء Red blood cell

24. 1 2 البلازموديوم Plasmodium 1- إنطلاق الميروزيتات Release of merozoites 2- كريات دم حمراء Red blood cell

25. 1 4 2 3 4 البراميسيوم (Paramecium) 1- أهداب Cilia 2- نواة كبيرة macronucleus 3- نواة صغيرة micronucleus 4- فجوة متقبضة Contractile vacuole

26. Thank you for attention