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Skeletal System

Learn about the functions of the skeletal system, different patterns of bone formation, types of joints, and the impact of aging on the bones and joints.

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Skeletal System

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  1. Skeletal System Sports Training and Physiology Kociuba http://kidshealth.org/PageManager.jsp?lic=1&article_set=59294&cat_id=20607

  2. Skeletal System - Objectives • Name the parts of the skeletal system • Describe their function • Name the major bone shapes • Name and describe the 2 patterns of bone formation • Describe the process of bone repair • Discuss age related issues with the skeletal system

  3. Skeletal System – Objectives 2 • Define general anatomic terms for various bone features • List the bones in the body • Define and explain how joints are named and classified • Define and demonstrate the types of movement at the joints in the body • Discuss age related issues with joints

  4. Support Carries weight Cartilage Ligaments Protection organs Movement Muscles attach to bones that cause movement Storage Minerals Fat Blood cell production Red bone marrow to produce blood cells and platelets Functions of the Skeletal System

  5. Long Bones Longer than they are wide Short Bones As wide as they are long Flat Bones Relatively thin flatten shape and are curved Irregular Bones Have shapes that don’t fit into the other categories Bone Shapes

  6. Intramembranous Ossification The formation of a bone within a connective tissue membrane EX: When babies skull forms around the brain Endochondral Ossification The formation of bone within cartilage EX: most of the remaining skeleton is formed this way 2 patterns of bone formation

  7. Bone Repair

  8. Bone Repair • Hematoma formation: clotting of the blood vessels that were broken • Callus formation: a mass of tissue that forms at a fracture site • Callus ossification: the tissues turn into spongy bone • Bone remodeling: the tissues then turn into compact bone and the blood vessels are reconnected

  9. Bones and Aging • Bones turn brittle • Bone mass is at it’s highest at about the age of 30 • Men generally have denser bones than women because of testosterone • Menopause increases age related bone loss

  10. Axial Skeleton Upright axis of the body Protects the brain, spinal cord, and the vital organs housed within the thorax Appendicular Skeleton Upper and lower limbs and the girdles that attach them to the axial skeleton Skeleton

  11. Human Skeleton

  12. Joints or Articulations A place where two or more bones come together.

  13. Fibrous Joints Two bones that are united by fibrous connective tissue, have no joint cavity, and exhibit little or no movement Cartilaginous Joints Two bones united by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage Synovial Joints Freely movable joints Contain synovial fluid Have a joint cavity Mostly found in the appendicular skeleton Either uniaxial, biaxial, or multiaxial Types of Joints

  14. 3 Types of Joints Found in the Body

  15. 6 Types of Synovial Joints • Plane Joints a.k.a.: Gliding Joints • Pivot Joints • Hinge Joints • Ball-and-Socket Joints • Ellipsoid Joints a.k.a.: Conyloid Joints • Saddle Joints

  16. 6 Synovial Joints

  17. Gliding Movement Angular Movement Flexion and Extension Abduction and Adduction Circular Movement Rotation Pronation and Supination Circumduction Special Movements Elevation and Depression Protraction and Retraction Excursion Opposition and Reposition Inversion and Eversion Types of Joint Movement

  18. Aging on the Joints • Replacement of cartilage slows • Production of synovial fluid declines • Arthritis • Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) • Osteoarthritis or Degenerative Arthritis (OA)

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