The Industrial Revolution, Nationalism, and Imperialism

1. The Industrial Revolution, Nationalism, and Imperialism Honors Western Civilization Mrs. Civitella

2. The Agricultural Revolution Cause Effect building of dikes (earthen walls) crop rotation seed drill Farm journals Enclosure Reduction in the need for tenant farmers stopped rising waters from ruining farm land Made land more fertile Made planting and harvesting more orderly and productive Allowed farmers to share techniques Kept livestock in, allowed for orderly and efficient farming Movement to cities and towns where employment and housing was available The industrial revolution began with an agricultural revolution

3. The Industrial Revolution began with an Agricultural Revolution

5. The seed drill was invented by Jethro Tull in 1701

7. Increase in population • Increase in agricultural production led to an increase in population • In Great Britain, population went from 5 million in 1700, to 9 million in 1800 • Increase in population actually from a decrease in death rates • Dying from famine became less likely • Hygiene and medical care also improved

8. The Steam Engine Coal was burned to create steam Originally to pump water out of mines Iron was first used to make machines First built by Thomas Newcomen in 1712 Improved upon by James Watt in 1769

10. Thomas Watt’s Steam Engine 1769

17. Mercantilism Mercantilism- economic policy where a government sought to export more than it imported in order to increase the size of its treasury Effects: Taking colonies for raw materials and new markets Increase the size of a country’s navy to protect merchant shipping

19. Agricultural Revolution Venn Diagram Look at the list of effects of the agricultural revolution and determine if they should be in the economic circle, in the social circle, or in the overlapping circle: • Increase in the quantity of food products • Increase in nutrition • Increase in population • Movement to the cities • New industrial jobs • Capital for investment in other businesses • Support of the government for business

20. Transportation Revolution Look at the list of effects of the transportation revolution and determine if they should be in the economic circle, in the social circle, or in the overlapping circle: • Way to get agricultural and industrial products to new markets • New jobs in transportation (iron, steel, railroads, canals, turnpikes, steamships) • Travel to and from jobs • Travel for leisure

21. The Spread of the industrial revolution • Britain tried to prevent their textile inventions from leaving the country • Belgium became the next nation to industrialize • Germany, France and the U.S. joined in industrialization by 1850 • Germany and the U.S. became industrial leaders • As a result of the Industrial Revolution, Western powers came to dominate the world • Countries began to compete for raw materials and new markets throughout the world

23. Why western powers built overseas empires

24. The Big idea: New Technology of the Industrial Age brought economic growth

25. The development of Corporations What is the definition of a corporation? Businesses that are owned by many investors who buy shares of stock What is the definition of a monopoly? Complete control of a product or business by one person or group What are some monopolies that you can think of in your lifetime or life experience?

26. Building a German nation • In the early 1800s, most German-speaking people were loyal to their own states • From 1807-1812, Napoleon of France raided German lands • Feelings of nationalism stirred in those who fought French rule • After Prussia led the German people into three wars, the movement grew among the German people for unification • In 1871, the German states united under William I, called Kaiser (emperor)

28. Strengthening Germany Industrially • After Germany unified in 1871, it became the leader of industry in Europe • Germany had plenty of coal and iron • Population boom, growing supply of both workers and consumers • Government support of industry and a buildup of the military

29. Kaiser William II In 1888, William II succeeded his grandfather as Kaiser Like his grandfather, William II spent huge amounts of money on the military militarism- glorification of the military William II increased the size of the German navy to win an overseas empire like Britain and France He would be the German leader that would instigate WWI

30. The Austrian Hungarian Empire The Hapsburgs had controlled the Holy Roman Empire for 400 years before Napoleon began to take over parts of their empire in 1800 Since the Congress of Vienna 1822, the Hapsburg’s resisted reforms to their rule Industrialization began to change the lives and attitudes of the people of Eastern Europe Nationalism began to emerge throughout the various ethnic groups Nationalism- a strong feeling of devotion and pride to one’s company

31. Austria-Hungary • In 1867, the leaders of Hungary worked out a deal with Austria • They set up the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary • The emperor of Austria ruled as King of Hungary but Austria and Hungary were separate states • Each made its own laws

33. Imperialism Imperialism- domination by one country of the political and economic life of another country From 1870-1914, the major nations of Europe searched for new colonies Why? • Their industries needed raw materials • They needed new markets for their products • Their navy needed bases to protect their interests

34. Forms of colonial rule • direct rule- sent officers from European country to run the government and economy of a colony • indirect rule- the European country chose people from the colony to run the government and the economy • protectorate- local rulers stayed in place but European advisors controlled trade and sent missionaries • sphere of influence- an outside power claimed all rights to make investments or conduct trade

35. Impact of Imperialism • The industrial nations of Britain, France, Germany, and the U.S. controlled a new global economy • They sent goods, investment money, and knowledge to the rest of the world • In Africa, Asia, and Latin America supplied natural resources, farm crops, and cheap labor • Spread western culture (religion, forms of government, ideology)

37. Imperialism led to conflict • At times, more than one European nation tried to gain the same colony • Tensions rose as each feared the other would build a stronger empire • One of the major causes of WWI