1 / 21

Understanding Acids, Bases, and pH Scale

Learn about the properties, formulas, and examples of acids and bases, as well as how pH scale measures acidity. Discover indicators and neutralization reactions related to these chemical compounds.

brosh
Download Presentation

Understanding Acids, Bases, and pH Scale

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Acids and Bases

  2. A. ACIDS • Noun - Acid: A solution formed when ionic compounds containing hydrogen are dissolved in water releasing the hydrogen ions from the compound. • Adjective:Acidic • EX: fruit juice, stomach acid

  3. A. ACIDS Table 5.2 Some Common Acids (page 225)

  4. A. ACIDS • Formulas for acids • Acid formulas are ioniccompounds with hydrogen(not always) • EX: HCl [ H ]+ + [ Cl ]-

  5. A. ACIDS • Names of Acids • The prefix hydro- is added to the non-oxygen elements name. (but not always) • The suffix -ic is added. (sometimes –ous is used) • The word acid is added after.

  6. A. ACIDS • Examples of Names of Acids.Use table 5.3 and 5.4 to fill in the tables below Table 5.3 Some Non-Oxygen Acids

  7. A. ACIDS Table 5.4 Some Acids Containing Oxygen

  8. B. BASES (also called alkalis) • Noun:Base: A solution formed when ionic compounds continuing a hydroxide ion are dissolved in water releasing the hydroxide ions from the compound.) • Hydroxide: A polyatomic anion, OH 1-. • Adjective:Basic (also ‘alkaline’) • Soap and other cleaning supplies are basic… • Formulas for bases • Bases formulas are ionic compounds with hydroxide.

  9. B. BASES Table 5.5 Some Common Bases

  10. C. PROPERTIES of Acids and Bases • *Aqueous:the state of being dissolved in water. • Aqueous is shown by the subscript (aq) which is written after the formula. EX: HCl (aq) • *Corrosive: A chemical property, that a substance is very reactive and will react with other substances it touches, destroying them.

  11. C. PROPERTIES of Acids and Bases Acids *Sour (ex. Lemons) *Burn skin *Blue litmus paper  red *pH < 7 *Release H+ ions Bases *Bitter (ex. Soda water) *Feels slippery *Red litmus paper  blue *pH > 7 *Releases OH- ions

  12. D. Neutralization Reactions • When acids and bases combine, the hydrogen ions combine with the hydroxide ions to form water . • H+ + OH-  H2O It is impossible to be both acidic and basic! Acidic [ H+ ] [ OH- ] Basic

  13. E. pH Scale: • *pH Scale: The scale designed to measure the concentration of H+ and OH - . • On the pH scale, one unit of change represents 10 times the change in the degree of acidity or basicity. • *Concentration: A measurement of the number of ions in a given volume. The larger the number, the higher the concentration.

  14. E. pH Scale:

  15. Student Exercise • Find the pH Values of the Common Substances you see below. (Hint, use the pH scale above to help you) • Acids <7 • Bases >7 • Water7 • Human Blood 7.3, Human saliva (spit) 7.4 • Soap10 • Oven cleaner 13  why we wear gloves

  16. F. pH Indicators • There are several indicators that can be used to find the pH of a solution. • Question: What is an indicator? • Answer: a chemical detection device that can help us find the number of H+ ions and OH- ions. (ie. The pH!)

  17. F. pH Indicators • Refer to Figure 5.6 above to find the colour of the following indicators. • phenolphthalein indicator when placed in a solution that is pH 8 colourless • bromothymol blue when placed in a solution that is pH 6 yellow . • Indigo carmine when placed in a solution that is pH 13 green .

  18. F. pH Indicators • Fill in the table below: red blue red blue blue red

  19. Practice Questions • Pg. 233 • #’s 1–4, 7,8, 13-15

More Related