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Theories are:

Theories are:. Abstractions Constructions Evaluated according to their usefulness not their truthfulness. Two elements of Theories. Concepts Definitions. Traditional Ideal: six concepts. Hypothesis Operationism Control: Measurement, Validity, Reliability Covering Laws Prediction.

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Theories are:

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  1. Theories are: • Abstractions • Constructions • Evaluated according to their usefulness not their truthfulness

  2. Two elements of Theories • Concepts • Definitions

  3. Traditional Ideal: six concepts • Hypothesis • Operationism • Control: Measurement, Validity, Reliability • Covering Laws • Prediction

  4. Theories change in 3 ways: • Extension • Intension • Revolution

  5. Differences • The study of differences in theories is called Metatheory: Meta means after

  6. 3 major areas of metatheory • Epistemology--nature of knowledge • Ontology--nature of being • Axiology--place of values

  7. Epistemology • Does knowledge exist before experience? • How certain can knowledge be? • Is knowledge in parts or whole?

  8. Two Major Views of Knowledge • Worldview I: empiricist and rationalist • Worldview II: interpretive

  9. Six Criteria for Evaluating Theories • Scope • Appropriateness • Heuristic Value • Validity • Parsimony • Openness

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