Directional Terms and Joint Movements

1. Directional Terms and Joint Movements

2. Horizontal vs. vertical • Make sure that you know the difference between horizontal and vertical! • Horizontal (side to side) • Vertical (up and down) • Hint: To help you remember, think about the sun rising and setting over the “horizon”

3. Anatomical directional terms • Anterior • The front, or in front of • Posterior • The back, or behind (towards the rear)

4. Anatomical directional terms • Distal • Away from, furthest from the origin • Proximal • Near, closest to the origin

5. Anatomical directional terms • Superior • Above, over • Inferior • Below, under

6. Anatomical directional terms • Lateral • Away from the mid-line (center) • Towards the sides • Medial • Towards the mid-line (center) • Away from the sides

7. Anatomical directional terms Superficial • Superficial • Towards the surface of the body • Shallow • Deep • Describes parts that are further from the surface Deep

8. Body Planes • Midsaggital – Equal right/left halves • Parasaggital – Unequal right/left halves • Frontal/Coronal – Anterior/posterior • Transverse/Cross/Horizontal – Superior/inferior Applications (AKA why would I need to know this???) • Radiologists can identify/locate positions of internal organs or small structures within organs • Anatomists model limb range of motion by measuring which planes the limb can move through & how far it can travel. • Used to measure/describe anatomical change during human embryonic development & track irregular development

9. Body Quadrants • Right Upper • Right Lower • Left Upper • Left Lower REMEMBER: RIGHT AND LEFT ARE SWITCHED IF YOU ARE FACING THE PERSON’S ANTERIOR

10. Abdominopelvic Regions • R. Hypochondriac – R. part of liver, gallbladder, R. kidney, some SI • L. Hypochondriac – Part of spleen, L. kidney, part of stomach, pancreas, part of colon • Epigastric – Majority of stomach, part of liver, part of pancreas, part of SI, part of spleen, adrenal glands. Pushes out when diaphragm contracts during breathing. • R. Lumbar – Gallbladder, R. kidney, part of liver, ascending colon • L. Lumbar – Descending colon, L. kidney, part of spleen

11. Abdominopelvic Regions, cont’d.. • Umbilical – Navel, much of SI, transverse colon, bottom portions of both kidneys • R. Iliac – Appendix, cecum, R. iliac fossa • L. Iliac – Part of descending colon, sigmoid colon, L. iliac fossa. • Hypogastric (below stomach) – Organs around pubic bone (bladder, part of sigmoid colon, reproductive organs like ovaries, uterus, & prostate

12. Synovial Joints • Synovial Joints (also known as Diarthroses) are freely moveable joints • These joints allow 18 different movements

13. Types of Synovial Joint Movements • Flexion • Movement that decreases the angle between 2 bones

14. Types of Synovial Joint Movements • Extension • Movement that increases the angle between 2 bones

15. Types of Synovial Joint Movements • Hyperextension • Movement beyond the natural range of motion

16. Types of Synovial Joint Movements • Abduction • Movement of the limbs away from the middle of the body • (Describes movement of limbs only)

17. Types of Synovial Joint Movements • Adduction • Movement of the limbs toward the middle of the body • (Describes movement of limbs only)

18. Types of Synovial Joint Movements • Rotation • Movement of a bone on an axis, toward or away from the body

19. Types of Synovial Joint Movements • Circumduction • Circular movement of limbs around an axis • The proximal portion of the limb remains stationary • Proximal = where the limb attaches to the body • The distal portion moves in a circle • Distal = the point on the limb that is furthest from the proximal attachment

20. Joint Movements Activity • Pause for a class activity. (SIMON SAYS) • Can students demonstrate knowledge of these joint movements?

21. Types of Synovial Joint Movements • Pronation • To turn downward • To face a limb or body towards the ground • Ex: turn palms downward so that they face the floor

22. Types of Synovial Joint Movements • Plantar Flexion • Movement that extends the foot • Ex: Pointing your toes like a ballerina

23. Types of Synovial Joint Movements • Dorsiflexion • Movement that flexes the foot • Ex: Try to touch your toes to the front of your shin

24. Types of Synovial Joint Movements • Inversion • Turns the sole of the foot inward (medially)

25. Types of Synovial Joint Movements • Eversion • Turns the sole of the foot outward (laterally)

26. Types of Synovial Joint Movements • Protraction • Moving a body part forward (in the transverse plane) • Ex: shoulders and jaw

27. Types of Synovial Joint Movements • Retraction • Moving a body part backwards (in the transverse plane) • Ex: Neck or jaw

28. Types of Synovial Joint Movements • Elevation • Lifting a body part upward (superiorly) • (Occurs in the frontal plane) • Ex: Shoulders

29. Types of Synovial Joint Movements • Depression • Moving a body part downward (inferiorly) • (Occurs in the frontal plane) • Ex: Shoulders

30. Types of Synovial Joint Movements • Opposition • Moves the thumb to the tips of the other fingers • (That is why they are called “Opposable thumbs”)

31. TIME TO DANCE! • Create a new dance • Write down all of the moves using anatomical joint movement cues • Name your dance • Perform it yourself or nominate someone in the room!!

32. What to Study • Summer HW (esp. background info in each part) • This PPT • Textbook (Ch. 1) • Google search/quizlet • Youtube Quiz 1.1 Info What to Know • Directional terms • Body planes • Body quadrants • Abdominopelvic regions • Synovial joint movements