Imperialism in Asia

1. Imperialism in Asia

2. What is required for a nation to be industrialize? What is the incentive for a nation to industrialize? 1. Factors of Production Land Labor Capital Entrepreneurs 2. Political Stability 3. Transportation Network 4. Trading Markets 1. Wealth 2. Power & Nationalism 3. Spreading of Culture

3. Definition Causes -The age of increased out-put of machine made goods. -The policy of setting up colonies & building up empires by dominating another nation economically • Agricultural Revolution • Increase demand for • goods • Inventions • Ambition • Industrial Revolution • Need Resources • Need Trading • Markets • Religion • Nationalism Examples • ENGLAND • U.S.A. • JAPAN • GERMANY

4. IMPERIALISM

5. Main Idea – Technological superiority allowed European nations to dominate non-developed areas and establish global empires.

6. Portuguese and Spanish Trade and Colonization in Asia

7. Portuguese monopoly over trade in the Indian Ocean Alfonso de Albuquerque emerged as the Portuguese colonial viceroy most instrumental in consolidating Portugal's holdings in Africa and in Asia. Seized Goa in India, which enabled him to gradually consolidate control of most of the commercial traffic between Europe and Asia, largely through trade; Europeans started to carry on trade from forts, acting as foreign merchants rather than as settlers.

8. Portuguese monopoly • Because of high profits from another expedition, the Portuguese established a permanent base south of the Indian trade port of Calicut • The Portuguese soon acquired a monopoly over trade in the Indian Ocean. • His first objective was Malacca, which controlled the narrow strait through which most Far Eastern trade moved. Captured in 1511, Malacca became the springboard for further eastward penetration; several years later the first trading posts were established in the Moluccas, or "Spice Islands," which was the source for some of the world's most hotly demanded spices. • By 1516, the first Portuguese ships had reached Canton on the southern coasts of China.

9. Portuguese monopoly • By 1557, the Portuguese gained a permanent base in China at Macau, which they held until 1999. • The Portuguese, based at Goa and Malacca, had now established a lucrative maritime empire in the Indian Ocean meant to monopolize the spice trade. • The Portuguese also began a channel of trade with the Japanese, becoming the first recorded Westerners to have visited Japan. This contact introduced Christianity and fire-arms into Japan.

10. The Decline of Portugal's Asian empire • Other Western European powers. Envious of Portugal's control of trade routes, other Western European nations — mainly Netherlands, France, and England — began to send in rival expeditions to Asia. • In 1642, the Dutch drove the Portuguese out of the Gold Coast in Africa, the source of the bulk of Portuguese slave laborers, leaving this rich slaving area to other Europeans, especially the Dutch and the English.

11. The Decline of Portugal's Asian empire • Portuguese maritime supremacy was lost to the Dutch in the 17th century. However, they still clung to Macau, and settled a new colony on the island of Timor. • It was as recent as the 1960s and 1970s that the Portuguese began to relinquish their colonies in Asia. Goa was invaded by India in 1961 and became an Indian state in 1987; East Timor was abandoned in 1975 and was then invaded by Indonesia. • It became an independent nation in 2002; and Macau was handed over to the Chinese as per a treaty in 1999.

12. British Imperialism in India MAIN IDEA – The Sepoy Mutiny resulted in the British gaining full control of India. Prior to 1850, Chinese & Japanese rulers allowed only limited trade with the West. European powers turned attention on India

13. INDIA • Background • 1700  Once powerful Mogul Empire was falling apart • 1760s  England won the French-Indian War; forcing France out of India • British East Indian Company took over trading in India • Company controlled much of India for 100-years • British forced their culture on India

14. Sepoy Rebellion (1857) • Indians felt that British were trying to change their culture • Economic problems & sense of nationalism increased resentment • Sepoy soldiers mutinied & refused to accept new rifle • British response  Jail opponents • Sepoys united & led a rebellion • British East India Company & British company united to regain control Sepoy Indian soldier in the British Army

15. Sepoy Rebellion (1857) • Religious differences & weak leadership doomed India • OUTCOME  • British fully controlled India • Indian nationalist movements begin • British East India Company removed from power

16. British Imperialism in China 1800s After years of imbalanced trading with China, England looked to find a product that Chinese were willing to purchase. British Traders discovered that Opium Trade = Large Profits • British traded Opium for tea & silk  LARGE PROFITS Chinese officials learned about the dangers of opium & looked to declare it illegal.

17. Ill effect of opium to the Chinese

18. British Imperialism in China Opium Wars Causes Outcomes • The British East India • Company smuggled opium • into China, ignoring local • laws. China fiercely resisted • the sale of opium & pleaded • for Britain to stop. • Britain won • China forced to give up • trading post • China unable to hold • foreigners accountable • under Chinese laws Facts • Two wars fought • England easily defeated • China • Greatly weakened China • Lin Zexu led movement against sale of opium • Treaty of Nanking • Treaty of Tientshin

19. Concessions to Open Door Japan, Russia, Germany, Great Britain, & France looked to get special trading rights in China China forced to make concessions • Special Rights Included • Rights to develop mineral mines • Rights to build railroads • Rights to establish naval bases • Leases to port cities • U.S.A is being left out of CHINA

20. Concessions to Open Door • U.S. felt that their interests were being threatened • U.S. Proposes Equal Trading Rights in China • Policy called the OPEN DOOR POLICY

21. Seatwork 3.3

22. Enumeration1-3) Imperialist countries4-6) Places under Portugal5-7) Reasons of the decline of Portuguese power in Asia 8-10)Effect of the Sepoy Rebellion