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Chapter 3

Chapter 3 . Different Ways of Looking at the World. Grouping Countries. There are different ways of grouping countries; for example, developed, developing, first world, third world, etc .

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Chapter 3

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  1. Chapter 3 Different Ways of Looking at the World

  2. Grouping Countries There are different ways of grouping countries; for example, developed, developing, first world, third world, etc. One new way of grouping countries is to consider the degree to which each country is an active participant in a globalized world.

  3. Levels of Global Involvement The level of global involvement can be assessed by three major factors. 1. Economic development – a community’s material wealth and trade, measured by per capita GDP, ratio of cars to people, and per-capita electrical power capacity 2. Social development – the level of education, healthcare, life expectancy, and rate of infant mortality 3. Political maturity – whether a country is democratic, has a low level of corruption, a functioning and electoral system, and rule of law

  4. How Do We Classify Countries? If we look at both Canada and Germany, in terms of global involvement, they are similar (Figure 3-2 pg. 43); comfortable lifestyle, good healthcare and education, high degree of freedom, free of government corruption. Both countries are considered members of the world’s more globalized core (Core).

  5. How Do We Classify Countries? If we compare Bangladesh and Zambia to Canada, the differences are striking; they are poorer counties with limited political freedom and civil liberties, lots of corruption, low standards for healthcare, etc. Both of these countries belong to a large group of countries called the less globalized periphery (Periphery)

  6. What about the countries in between? Consider countries like Malaysia, Poland, Iran, and Philippines, they fit in neither the core nor periphery. We can create a third group, however all countries not in the core or periphery would be placed in this group with little variation between the countries; it makes sense to divide these countries into two groups as well, and have four groups in total.

  7. Four Group Model

  8. Four Group Model Old Core (Canada, Germany) More Globalized Core (Old Core) are countries that have contributed significantly to and benefited greatly from globalization. They are relatively wealthy, have comfortable lifestyles, secure environments, good healthcare, freedoms, and governments free from serious corruption.

  9. Four Group Model New Core (Malaysia, Poland) Countries that are not as wealthy, and often have governments that are not as democratic as the core. But they are a new member to the core and are becoming more like core countries.

  10. Four Group Model Near Core-Periphery (Near Core) (Iran, Philippines) Near-Core Periphery countries are more advanced than the far periphery and with continued economic, social, and political growth, the have the potential to join the New Core.

  11. Four Group Model Far Periphery (Bangladesh, Zambia) Less Globalized Periphery (Far Periphery) are countries that are much poorer, the people have much less personal security, limited political freedoms/ civil liberties and corruption is a serious problem.

  12. Different Models for Grouping Countries Two Groups - based on levels of economic development; simple but leads to a high degree of imprecision. Developed/Underdeveloped Worlds – simple model; countries divided into economically developed or underdeveloped. A problem with this model is that it does not take into account non-economic development.

  13. Two Group Model Continued • Developed/Developing Worlds – Most developed countries are still developing. Over time countries are able to move from developing to developed status. • North/South – On a map, most developed nations are located further north than developing nations. Developed nations are most often called the North, and developing nations are called the South; exceptions are Australia, New Zealand, Argentina. Geographers describe this pattern more accurately as developed countries are located in temperate regions and developing countries are located in tropical regions.

  14. Different Models for Grouping Countries Three Groups – developed in 1950s, based on development levels and political alignments. • First/Second/Third World – First World nations were old core nations such as Canada and the U.S. Second World nations were Communist countries such as Russia and Poland. Third World nations were those considered “periphery” and had poor economic development. The problem with this model was that there was some ambiguity because the y had characteristics of 2nd World countries in terms of form of government and social development, and sometimes had characteristics of 3rd World countries in terms of poor economic development.

  15. Three Group Model • Developed/Newly Industrialized/ Developing - economic in nature; adds a transitional stage for countries moving from agriculturally based to a more advanced industrial or service based economy. Newly Industrialized would be the New core and Near Core countries.

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