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Allotropes of Carbon

Allotropes of Carbon. David Beauchamp-10/7. The Allotropes of Carbon are…. Diamond Graphite Buckyballs. Discovery of Buckminsterfullerene. Buckminsterfullerene was discovered in 1985 by Richard Smalley, James Curl,

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Allotropes of Carbon

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  1. Allotropes of Carbon David Beauchamp-10/7

  2. The Allotropes of Carbon are… • Diamond • Graphite • Buckyballs

  3. Discovery of Buckminsterfullerene Buckminsterfullerene was discovered in 1985 by Richard Smalley, James Curl, James Heath, Sean o’ Brian and Harold Kroto. Kroto was interested in whether large carbon chains could be formed in the extreme conditions of stars' outer atmospheres. Smalley had developed a piece of apparatus that would allow him to blast atoms off the surface of a substance with a high powered laser. Loading the American apparatus with graphite and blasting it with the laser produced the expected long-chained carbon molecules were found. The scientists were surprised to find that there were also small traces of a very stable molecule of mass 720amu (the mass of 12 carbon atoms). This was Buckminsterfullerene. Fullerenes are formations of atoms of 60 or multiples of 60 atoms of carbon. They can be hexagonal (planar), heptagonal(non-planar), pentagonal(non-planar), or cylindrical (carbon nanotube, stretched buckyballs). Buckyballs (short for buckminsterfullerene) is extra hard because the structure is very rigid, where the design is arranged so that no two pentagons have to share an edge.

  4. Uses of Buckminsterfullerene Fullerenes have so far failed to realize their commercial potential. This is partly for reasons of cost and partly because it has proven difficult to isolate large quantities of sought-after types. At the beginning of 1994, fullerenes were actively being studied for the following applications: optical devices, hardening agents for carbides, chemical sensors, gas separation devices, thermal insulation, diamonds, batteries, catalysts, hydrogen storage media, polymers and polymer additives, and medical applications.

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